What are the color protectors for each of the 5 commonly used pigments?

Carmine red, amaranthine red, seduction red, lemon yellow, sunset yellow, bright blue and β-carotene, etc. are commonly used in food processing, and most of these pigments have the disadvantages of poor color stability and easy to fade, which make it difficult to meet the production requirements. According to the characteristics of pigments, it has become a consensus to use various color protection additives to improve the stability of pigments.
In this paper, based on practical experience, we study the color protection effect of common color protection additives on these pigments, with a view to improving the stability of these pigments.
The color protection test of each pigment was carried out under neutral and acidic conditions respectively. Neutral condition test: the formula for the pigment 1/100,000, color protection additives 1/100,000, sucrose 5% and a small amount of sweeteners (AK sugar, sweeteners) and flavors and so on. After mixing, it was put into colorless transparent glass bottles, capped and kept at 121°C for 20min, sterilized.
Acidic condition test: The formula was 1/100000 of color, 1/100000 of color protection additive, 5% of sucrose, 0.2% of citric acid and a small amount of sweetener (AK sugar, sweetener) and flavor. After blending, it was packed into colorless and transparent glass bottles, capped and kept at 100℃ for 30min and sterilized.
The groups were sterilized and cooled and then dried in the sun to record the fading time and color change.
Effect of single color protection additives on pigment stability
The color protection tests of color protection additives such as sodium citrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, EDTA-2Na, phytic acid, sodium isoascorbate, calcium lactate on pigments such as carmine, amaranthine red, temptation red, lemon yellow, sunset yellow, bright blue, β-carotene and so on were carried out, and the results are shown in Table 1.

As seen in Table 1, the color protectors phytic acid, phosphates, and sodium citrate have a more pronounced color protection effect on various pigments. This may be due to these substances have the role of complexing metal ions, thereby reducing the negative impact of metal ions on the stability of pigments;
Calcium lactate did not have obvious color protection effect on various pigments, but no side effects were seen;
EDTA-2Na has a significant color protection effect on most pigments, but has a negative effect on sunset yellow, the reason for which is not clear;
Sodium isoascorbate has a negative effect on all the other pigments except for β-carotene and Brilliant Blue, which have some color protection effect. This may be due to the fact that sodium isoascorbate has an antioxidant effect, i.e., a reducing effect, and these pigments are susceptible to color fading by the reducing effect. This and the general so-called sodium isoascorbate color protection, there is a certain contradiction, I hope to draw attention to.
Pigment color protection agent compounding test
On the basis of a single color protection additive color protection test, carmine red, amaranth red, temptation red, sunset yellow, and β-carotene and other less stable pigments for color protection agent compounding test. Selection of each pigment color protection effect is better than the four kinds of color protection additives, each take three additive amount (0/10000, 1/10000, 2/10000), according to orthogonal design, pigment stability time as an indicator of the preferential test.
2.1 Carmine red choose phytic acid, EDTA-2Na, sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate and other four kinds of color protection additives, to carry out the compounding preference test, the results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 shows that the combination of the best color protection additives for cochineal red is phytic acid 2/10000, sodium tripolyphosphate 2/10000, EDTA-2Na 1/10000, and sodium hexametaphosphate 1/10000. This combination of complex color protection additives used to test the color stability of cochineal pigment, its color stability can reach 10d.
2.2 Amaranthus red choose phytic acid, EDTA-2Na, sodium pyrophosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate and other four kinds of color protection additives for the compounding optimization test, the results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 shows that the combination of the best complex color protection additives for amaranth red was EDTA-2Na2/10000, sodium pyrophosphate1/10000, sodium tripolyphosphate2/10000 and phytic acid2/10000. This combination of complex color protection additives for the test amaranth red pigment color stability, its color stability can reach 14d.
2.3 Temptation red choose sodium pyrophosphate, EDTA-2Na, sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate and other four kinds of color protection additives to carry out the compounding preference test, the results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4 shows that the combination of the best compound color protection additives for seductive red is sodium tripolyphosphate 2/10000, hexametaphosphoric acid 2/10000, EDTA-2Na 2/10000 and sodium pyrophosphate 2/10000. This combination of complex color protection additives used to test the color stability of the temptation red pigment, its color stability can reach 19d.
2.4 Sunset yellow choose sodium pyrophosphate, phytic acid, sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate and other four kinds of color protection additives for compounding optimization test, the results are shown in Table 5.

Table 5 shows that the best color protection additive for sunset yellow was a combination of phytic acid 1/10000, sodium pyrophosphate 2/10000, sodium citrate 2/10000 and hexametaphosphoric acid 1/10000. This combination of complex color protection additives was used to test the color stability of sunset yellow pigment, and the color stability could reach 15d.
2.5 β-carotene choose sodium isoascorbate, EDTA-2Na, phytic acid and sodium pyrophosphate and other four kinds of color protection agent for the compounding optimization test, the results are shown in Table 6.

Table 6 shows that the combination of the best color protection additives for β-carotene was sodium isoascorbate 1/10000, EDTA-2Na2/10000, phytic acid 1/10000 and sodium pyrophosphate 1/10000. This combination of complex color protection additives was used to test the color stability of seductive red pigments for 17d.
Conclusion

1, color protection additives have more obvious color protection effect on most commonly used pigments. However, the color protection effect of calcium lactate is not obvious; EDTA-2Na has a negative effect on sunset yellow; sodium isoascorbate in addition to β-carotene has a color protection effect on other pigments are negative, that is, it can reduce the stability of the pigment.
2, better compound color protection composition, cochineal red for phytic acid 2 / 10,000, sodium tripolyphosphate 2 / 10,000, EDTA-2Na1 / 10,000, sodium hexametaphosphate 1 / 10,000; amaranth red for EDTA-2Na2 / 10,000, sodium pyrophosphate1 / 10,000, sodium tripolyphosphate2 / 10,000 and phytic acid2 / 10,000; temptation red for sodium tripolyphosphate2 / 10,000, hexametaphosphoric acid2 / 10,000, EDTA-2Na2 / 10,000 and sodium pyrophosphate2 / 10,000; sunset yellow for phytic acid 2 / 10,000, sodium pyrophosphate 2 / 10,000, sodium citrate 2 / 10,000 and hexametaphosphoric acid 1 / 10,000; β-carotene for sodium ascorbyl isoascorbate 1 / 10,000, EDTA-2Na2 / 10,000, phytic acid 1 / 10,000 and sodium pyrophosphate 1 / 10,000.
3, compounding color protection additives can significantly improve the stability of carmine red, amaranth red, seductive red, sunset yellow and β-carotene and other pigments.