# Anthralin (CAS 1143-38-0): A Comprehensive Guide to This Potent Antipsoriatic Agent

## What is Anthralin?

Anthralin, also known by its systematic name **1,8-dihydroxy-10H-anthracen-9-one**, is a potent organic compound with the CAS registry number **1143-38-0**. This yellow to orange-brown crystalline powder has been a cornerstone in dermatological therapy for decades, primarily known for its effectiveness in treating psoriasis and other skin conditions.

Chemically, anthralin is an anthracene derivative with hydroxyl groups at positions 1 and 8, and a ketone group at position 9. Its molecular formula is **C₁₄H₁₀O₃**, with a molecular weight of **226.23 g/mol**. The compound is virtually insoluble in water but dissolves readily in organic solvents such as chloroform, benzene, and alcohols.

Originally synthesized in the early 20th century, anthralin has maintained its importance in dermatology due to its unique mechanism of action and proven therapeutic efficacy. Despite the introduction of newer treatments, it remains a valuable option for patients with moderate to severe psoriasis.

## What Are the Benefits of Anthralin?

### Effective Antipsoriatic Action

Anthralin is primarily valued for its **potent antipsoriatic properties**. It works through multiple mechanisms:

– **Anti-proliferative effects**: Inhibits rapid skin cell division characteristic of psoriasis
– **Anti-inflammatory action**: Reduces the inflammatory response in psoriatic lesions
– **Normalization of keratinocyte differentiation**: Helps restore normal skin cell maturation

### Proven Clinical Efficacy

Clinical studies have demonstrated that anthralin is highly effective in treating:
– **Plaque psoriasis** (the most common form)
– **Scalp psoriasis**
– **Palmoplantar psoriasis**
– **Psoriatic arthritis** (as adjunctive therapy)

### Cost-Effective Treatment Option

Compared to newer biologic therapies, anthralin offers a **cost-effective treatment alternative** that remains accessible for patients worldwide. This makes it particularly valuable in healthcare systems with budget constraints.

### Combination Therapy Benefits

Anthralin works well in combination with other treatments:
– **Coal tar preparations**: Enhanced efficacy
– **Phototherapy (PUVA)**: Synergistic effects
– **Topical corticosteroids**: Reduced irritation, improved outcomes
– **Vitamin D analogs**: Complementary mechanisms

## What Are the Uses of Anthralin?

### Primary Dermatological Applications

**Psoriasis Treatment**
Anthralin remains one of the most effective topical treatments for psoriasis. It is typically applied directly to psoriatic plaques in varying concentrations (0.1% to 1%), with treatment protocols tailored to individual patient needs and lesion characteristics.

**Other Dermatological Conditions**
Beyond psoriasis, anthralin has shown efficacy in treating:
– **Lichen planus**: Inflammatory skin condition
– **Dermatitis**: Certain forms of eczema
– **Alopecia areata**: Autoimmune hair loss (off-label use)
– **Warts**: Particularly resistant verrucae

### Pharmaceutical Formulations

Anthralin is available in various pharmaceutical preparations:
– **Creams** (0.1% – 0.5%)
– **Ointments** (0.1% – 1%)
– **Lotions** (0.1% – 0.25%)
– **Gel formulations** (modern, less irritating)
– **Short-contact formulations** (applied and washed off after short period)

### Research Applications

In research settings, anthralin is used as:
– **Molecular biology tool**: Study of cell proliferation and apoptosis
– **Inflammation model**: Induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in animal models
– **Drug development**: Template for new anthracenedione derivatives

## Safety and Potential Side Effects

### Common Side Effects

When using anthralin, patients may experience:

– **Skin irritation**: Temporary burning, redness, or stinging at application site
– **Staining**: Brownish discoloration of skin and fabrics
– **Contact dermatitis**: Allergic reactions in sensitive individuals
– **Pseudoporphyria**: Bullae formation on sun-exposed skin (rare)

### Contraindications

Anthralin should not be used in:
– **Acute pustular psoriasis**: May worsen the condition
– **Active skin infections**: Bacterial or fungal
– **Pregnancy and breastfeeding**: Safety not established
– **Known hypersensitivity** to anthralin or related compounds

### Precautions and Best Practices

1. **Start with low concentrations**: Begin treatment with 0.1% and titrate up
2. **Protect unaffected skin**: Apply petroleum jelly as barrier
3. **Avoid sensitive areas**: Keep away from eyes, mucous membranes
4. **Wash hands thoroughly**: After application to prevent staining
5. **Use gloves**: When applying to prevent hand staining

### Storage and Handling

– Store in cool, dark place away from light
– Keep out of reach of children
– Use within expiration date
– Handle with gloves to avoid staining

## Chemical Specifications

| Property | Value |
|———-|——-|
| **CAS Number** | 1143-38-0 |
| **Chemical Name** | 1,8-dihydroxy-10H-anthracen-9-one |
| **Molecular Formula** | C₁₄H₁₀O₃ |
| **Molecular Weight** | 226.23 g/mol |
| **Appearance** | Yellow to orange-brown crystalline powder |
| **Melting Point** | 175-181°C |
| **Solubility** | Insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents |
| **XLogP** | 3.2 |
| **Canonical SMILES** | OC1=CC=CC2C3C(C(=O)C4=CC=CC(O)=C4C=3)C=CC1=2 |
| **InChIKey** | NUZWLKWWNNJHPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |

## Frequently Asked Questions

### How long does it take for anthralin to work?

Most patients see improvement within 2-4 weeks of consistent use. Maximum benefit is typically achieved after 6-8 weeks of treatment.

### Can anthralin be used on the face?

Anthralin is generally not recommended for facial use due to high risk of irritation. If necessary, only very low concentrations (0.1%) should be used under medical supervision.

### Does anthralin stain clothing?

Yes, anthralin can cause brownish staining on fabrics. Patients should avoid contact with clothing and use old linens during treatment.

### Is anthralin available over the counter?

No, anthralin is a prescription medication in most countries. It requires a doctor’s prescription and should be used under medical supervision.

### Can anthralin be used with other psoriasis medications?

Yes, anthralin is often used in combination with other treatments. However, patients should consult their healthcare provider before combining therapies.

### What should I do if anthralin causes severe irritation?

Discontinue use and consult your healthcare provider. They may recommend a lower concentration, shorter contact time, or alternative treatment.

## Why Choose Our Anthralin?

– **Pharmaceutical grade** purity meeting USP/EP standards
– **Multiple concentration options** (0.1% – 1%) for tailored treatment
– **Consistent quality** with rigorous batch testing
– **Competitive pricing** for wholesale orders
– **Technical support** available for formulation and usage guidance
– **Reliable supply** from established chemical manufacturer

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