{"id":8749,"date":"2024-08-14T19:48:27","date_gmt":"2024-08-14T19:48:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/?p=8749"},"modified":"2024-08-14T19:48:27","modified_gmt":"2024-08-14T19:48:27","slug":"total-alkaloids-in-sophora-alopecuroides","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/tr\/sophora-alopecuroidesde-toplam-alkaloidler\/","title":{"rendered":"Sophora alopecuroides'deki toplam alkaloidlerin hipoglisemik etkisi ve mekanizmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sophora alopecuroides'deki toplam alkaloidlerin hipoglisemik etkisi ve mekanizmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma<br \/>\nDiyabet, ins\u00fclin sekresyonu veya ins\u00fclin fonksiyon kusurlar\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu hiperglisemi ve nihai diyabet ile karakterize bir grup metabolik hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma verilerine g\u00f6re 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnya genelinde diyabet hastalar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 851 milyon olup, bunlar\u0131n 90%'den fazlas\u0131n\u0131 tip 2 diyabet (T2DM) olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. T2DM, kronik hiperglisemi ve \u00e7e\u015fitli derecelerde ins\u00fclin direnci (IR) ile karakterize karma\u015f\u0131k bir metabolik bozukluktur. IR'nin nedenlerinden biri, glukoz ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 4 (GLUT4) proteininin ekspresyonunun ve i\u015flevinin d\u00fczensizli\u011fidir. \u0130ns\u00fclin, iskelet kas\u0131nda glikoz al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, esas olarak GLUT4'\u00fcn h\u00fccre i\u00e7i depolama konumundan plazma membran\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 ind\u00fckleyerek uyarabilir. GLUT4'\u00fcn h\u00fccre y\u00fczeyine ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131ndaki kusur, tip 2 diyabette ins\u00fclin direncinin \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zelli\u011fidir. Bu nedenle, GLUT4'\u00fcn translokasyon ve ekspresyon mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, diyabetin \u00f6nlenmesi ve tedavisi i\u00e7in son derece \u00f6nemlidir ve bu da diyabet tedavisi i\u00e7in potansiyel bir ila\u00e7 hedefi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<p>Sophora alopecuroides L., baklagiller ailesindeki Sophora cinsinin \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k otsu bir bitkisi olarak, kuzeybat\u0131 \u00c7in ve Orta Asya \u00fclkelerindeki \u00e7e\u015fitli eyaletlerde yayg\u0131n olarak da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 giderme, detoksifiye etme, r\u00fczgar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tma ve susuzlu\u011fu giderme etkilerine sahiptir ve kuzeybat\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan bir etnik ila\u00e7 haline gelmi\u015ftir. Alkaloidler Sophora alopecuroides'in ana kimyasal bile\u015fenlerinden biridir ve \u00e7o\u011fu kimyasal ve farmakolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma Sophora alopecuroides'teki alkaloid bile\u015fenleri etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nmektedir. Sophora alopecuroides'teki alkaloidlerin \u00e7o\u011fu, piperidin veya piridin t\u00fcrevleri olan kinazolidin alkaloidlerine aittir. Anti-enflamatuar, antiaritmik, anti-t\u00fcm\u00f6r ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k d\u00fczenleme alanlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli farmakolojik aktivitelere ve uygulama beklentilerine sahiptirler. Son y\u0131llarda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, Sophora alopecuroides'ten elde edilen toplam alkaloidlerin DSS ile ind\u00fcklenmi\u015f kolit fareleri \u00fczerinde koruyucu bir etkiye sahip olabilece\u011fini, kolon hasar\u0131n\u0131 hafifletebilece\u011fini, ba\u011f\u0131rsak mikrobiyota dengesizli\u011fini \u00f6nleyebilece\u011fini ve safra asidi metabolizmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyebilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Diyabette Sophora alopecuroides'in toplam alkaloidleri \u00fczerine \u00e7ok az \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma vard\u0131r. Bu nedenle, bu deney, Sophora alopecuroides'in t\u0131bbi kaynak de\u011ferinden tam olarak yararlanmak ve anti diyabet ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeni bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yolu sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla, Sophora alopecuroides'in toplam alkaloidlerini \u00e7\u0131kararak hipoglisemik etkisini ve ilgili etki yollar\u0131n\u0131 incelemektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Tip 2 diyabet (T2DM), glikoz metabolizmas\u0131n\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131k kronik bir bozuklu\u011fudur ve g\u00f6r\u00fclme oran\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r. \u015eu anda, tip 2 diyabet tedavisi i\u00e7in geleneksel ila\u00e7lar esas olarak metformin, ins\u00fclin, s\u00fclfonil\u00fcre ila\u00e7lar ve di\u011fer oral hipoglisemik ila\u00e7lar iken, yeni hipoglisemik ila\u00e7lar esas olarak glukagon benzeri peptid 1 (GLP-1) resept\u00f6r agonisti, dipeptidil peptidaz 4 inhibit\u00f6r\u00fc (DPP-4i) vb. i\u00e7erir. Bu ila\u00e7lar\u0131n az ya da \u00e7ok yan etkileri vard\u0131r. Do\u011fal bitkilerden elde edilen geleneksel t\u0131bb\u0131n modern t\u0131bba g\u00f6re daha ekonomik oldu\u011fu, klinik etkinli\u011finin iyi oldu\u011fu ve yan etkilerinin nispeten daha az oldu\u011fu kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle, diyabet tedavisinde nispeten g\u00fcvenli t\u0131bbi bitkilerin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 giderek daha \u00f6nemli hale gelmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\nKimyasal yap\u0131ya g\u00f6re, diyabet tedavisinde geleneksel \u00c7in t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131n ana bile\u015fenleri alkaloidler, polisakkaritler, saponinler, flavonoidler ve di\u011fer kategorilere ayr\u0131labilir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar, \u00f6nemli hipoglisemik aktiviteye sahip do\u011fal bir alkaloid olan berberinin, ins\u00fclin kaynakl\u0131 glikoz al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve GLUT4 translokasyonunu art\u0131rarak ins\u00fclin direncini iyile\u015ftirebilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Piperin alkaloidleri gibi piperidin alkaloidleri, L6 h\u00fccrelerinde AMPK'n\u0131n yukar\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f yolunu aktive eder, b\u00f6ylece AMPK'y\u0131 fosforile eder ve GLUT4'\u00fcn plazma membran\u0131na translokasyonunu ind\u00fckler. Sophora alopecuroides'in toplam alkaloidleri, sophocarpine, sophoridine, matrine vb. dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli alkaloidlerin genel ad\u0131 olan t\u0131bbi bitki Sophora alopecuroides'ten ekstrakte edilen alkaloidlerdir. Mevcut ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, Sophora alopecuroides'in toplam alkaloidlerinin anti-t\u00fcm\u00f6r, anti mikrobiyal, kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme vb. konularda belirli bir farmakolojik rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir, ancak diyabet \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok az rapor vard\u0131r. Bu nedenle, bu deneyde hipoglisemik etkisini incelemek i\u00e7in Sophora alopecuroides'in toprak \u00fcst\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndan toplam alkaloidler \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\nV\u00fccuttaki GLUT4 h\u00fccrelerinin membran translokasyonu \u00e7oklu sinyal yollar\u0131ndan etkilenir ve GLUT4 translokasyonunu etkileyen \u00f6nemli bir yol ins\u00fclin arac\u0131l\u0131 sinyal etki yoludur. \u0130ns\u00fclin, ins\u00fclin resept\u00f6r\u00fcne (IR) ba\u011flanabilir ve fosfatidilinositol-3-kinaz\/protein kinaz B (PI3K\/AKT) yolu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla glikojen sentezini, glikoz al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyebilir, b\u00f6ylece kan glikozu \u00fczerinde d\u00fczenleyici bir etki g\u00f6sterir. Bu deney L6 h\u00fccrelerine odaklanm\u0131\u015f ve TASA tedavisinden sonra AKT fosforilasyon seviyelerinde \u00f6nemli bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, bu da TASA'n\u0131n hipoglisemik etkisinin AKT yolunu etkilemedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. \u0130skelet kas\u0131 glikoz al\u0131m\u0131 da ins\u00fclinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z AMPK yola\u011f\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla aktive edilebilir ve kullan\u0131labilir. Mekanizma, AMPK aktivasyonunun TBC1D1'in fosforilasyonuna neden olmas\u0131 ve bunun da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f sinyal molek\u00fcl\u00fc GLUT4'\u00fcn ifadesini yukar\u0131 do\u011fru d\u00fczenlemesi ve h\u00fccreden h\u00fccre zar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik ederek glikozun h\u00fccre taraf\u0131ndan emilimini ve kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. PKC, tipik PKC (PKC - \u03b1 PKC-\u03b2\u3001PKC-\u03b3) dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli kinaz alt tiplerine ayr\u0131labilir \uff0c Yeni PKC (PKC - \u03b5, PKC - \u03b7, PKC - \u03b8) ve atipik PKC (PKC - Zeta, PKC - \u03bb) ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, PKC - Zeta inhibit\u00f6rlerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ins\u00fclin uyar\u0131m\u0131 alt\u0131nda glikoz ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 engelledi\u011fini, PKC - Zeta'n\u0131n aktivasyonunun ise glikoz ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu deneyde TASA'n\u0131n h\u00fccrelerdeki AMPK ve PKC yolaklar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkileri ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve AMPK ve PKC'nin fosforilasyon seviyelerinin her ikisinin de y\u00fckseldi\u011fi bulunmu\u015ftur, bu da TASA'n\u0131n AMPK ve PKC yolaklar\u0131n\u0131 aktive ederek GLUT4 ifadesini daha da d\u00fczenleyebilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir.<br \/>\n\u00d6zetle, hedef olarak GLUT4'\u00fc temel alan bu deney, GLUT4'\u00fcn TASA taraf\u0131ndan ekspresyonu ve translokasyonuna odaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7lar, TASA'n\u0131n L6 iskelet kas\u0131 h\u00fccrelerinde glikoz al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve GLUT4 translokasyonunu ve ekspresyonunu etkili bir \u015fekilde art\u0131rabildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Daha ileri mekanizma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, TASA'n\u0131n GLUT4 protein ekspresyonunu AMPK ve PKC olmak \u00fczere iki sinyal yolu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla destekledi\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Bu sonu\u00e7lar TASA'n\u0131n diyabet tedavisindeki potansiyelini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hala TASA'n\u0131n canl\u0131 d\u00fczeyindeki ilgili deneylerinden yoksundur. Daha sonraki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar TASA'n\u0131n tip 2 diyabet fare modeli \u00fczerindeki etkisi yoluyla canl\u0131 modelin kan \u015fekeri ve ilgili g\u00f6stergeleri \u00fczerindeki etkisini g\u00f6zlemleyecektir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Study on the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of total alkaloids in Sophora alopecuroides Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia and ultimate diabetes caused by insulin secretion or insulin function defects. 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