{"id":8650,"date":"2024-08-14T18:50:04","date_gmt":"2024-08-14T18:50:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/?p=8650"},"modified":"2024-08-14T18:50:04","modified_gmt":"2024-08-14T18:50:04","slug":"sophora-alopecuroides-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/tr\/sophora-alopecuroides-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Sophora alopecuroides'in farkl\u0131 ekstraktlar\u0131n\u0131n oksidatif strese dayal\u0131 hepatotoksisite mekanizmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sophora alopecuroides'in farkl\u0131 ekstraktlar\u0131n\u0131n oksidatif strese dayal\u0131 hepatotoksisite mekanizmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma<br \/>\nSophora alopecuroides L. Fabaceae familyas\u0131na ve Sophora cinsine aittir. 1977 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti Farmakopesi'ne dahil edilmi\u015ftir ve Gansu, \u0130\u00e7 Mo\u011folistan ve Ningxia gibi eyaletlerde geleneksel \u00c7in t\u0131bb\u0131 bitki kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n ve ekolojik bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemli bir bile\u015fenidir. Kudou fasulyesi \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 temizleme, detoksifiye etme ve nem alma i\u015flevlerine sahiptir. Alkaloidler, flavonoidler ve \u015fekerler, gastrointestinal hastal\u0131klar \u00fczerinde iyi terap\u00f6tik etkilere sahip olan ana aktif bile\u015fenlerdir. Wang ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, Sophora alopecuroides'teki alkaloidlerin esas olarak antioksidan, antiparazitik ve antibakteriyel aktivitelerde \u00f6nemli rol oynayan kinolonlar oldu\u011funu bulmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, Sophora alopecuroides'in flavonoidlerinin hepatit B vir\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fczerinde belirli bir antagonistik etkiye sahip oldu\u011funu bulmu\u015ftur. \u015eu anda, i\u00e7 pazarda ekolojik \u00e7evre koruma, karakteristik \u00fcr\u00fcn geli\u015ftirme ve b\u00f6lgesel kalk\u0131nmaya odaklanan bir ac\u0131 fasulye bitkisi end\u00fcstrisi zinciri olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Geleneksel uygulamalarda, ac\u0131 fasulye toksisitesi nedeniyle hi\u00e7bir zaman dikkat \u00e7ekmemi\u015ftir. Son y\u0131llarda, ilaca ba\u011fl\u0131 karaci\u011fer hasar\u0131 \u00c7in'de ikinci en b\u00fcy\u00fck bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 olmayan karaci\u011fer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Avrupa ve Amerika \u00fclkelerinde akut karaci\u011fer yetmezli\u011finin \u00f6nde gelen nedeni haline gelmi\u015ftir ve vakalar\u0131n 60%'sini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Geleneksel \u00c7in t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu hepatotoksisite ile ilgili klinik vaka raporlar\u0131 giderek artmaktad\u0131r ve potansiyel toksisitesi hem yurt i\u00e7inde hem de uluslararas\u0131 alanda s\u0131cak bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma konusu haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk akut toksisite deneyleri, Sophora alopecuroides ekstrakt\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131\u00e7an karaci\u011feri i\u00e7in belirli toksisiteye sahip oldu\u011funu bulmu\u015ftur. V\u00fccutta metabolizma ve detoksifikasyon i\u00e7in ana organ olan karaci\u011ferin toksisitesinin incelenmesi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u015eu anda, Sophora alopecuroides'in neden oldu\u011fu karaci\u011fer toksisitesinin spesifik mekanizmas\u0131 hala belirsizdir. Bu nedenle, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada su kaynatma (WD), su ultrasonu (WU), etanol geri ak\u0131\u015f (ER) ve etanol ultrasonu (EU) olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt ekstrakt\u0131n uygulamadan sonra s\u0131\u00e7anlar\u0131n genel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131, doku morfolojisi ve oksidatif stres g\u00f6stergeleri \u00fczerindeki etkilerini g\u00f6zlemlemek i\u00e7in subakut toksisite deneyleri yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Uygulamadan sonra s\u0131\u00e7anlar\u0131n serumundaki aspartat aminotransferaz (AST) ve alanin aminotransferaz (ALT) i\u00e7eri\u011finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra indirgenmi\u015f glutatyon (GSH), s\u00fcperoksit dismutaz (SOD) ekspresyonu ve da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, malondialdehit (MDA) ve karaci\u011ferdeki n\u00fckleer fakt\u00f6r eritroid 2 ile ili\u015fkili fakt\u00f6r 2 (Nrf2), heme oksijenaz-1 (HO-1), SOD1 ve SOD2 proteinleri, Sophora alopecuroides'in s\u0131\u00e7anlar \u00fczerindeki etkilerini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Farelerdeki hepatotoksisite mekanizmas\u0131, Sophora alopecuroides ile ilgili klinik temel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar i\u00e7in bilimsel veri ve referans sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Karaci\u011fer katsay\u0131s\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fim, karaci\u011fer lezyonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6stergesi olabilir. Sophora alopecuroides'in farkl\u0131 ekstrelerinin uygulanmas\u0131ndan sonra, s\u0131\u00e7anlar\u0131n karaci\u011fer katsay\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karaci\u011fer katsay\u0131s\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f, karaci\u011ferin \u00f6dem ve inflamasyon gibi reaksiyonlara maruz kalabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir. Karaci\u011fer dokusunun patolojik g\u00f6zlemi, karaci\u011fer h\u00fccrelerinde nekroz ve inflamatuar h\u00fccrelerde art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu ortaya koymu\u015ftur. ALT ve AST i\u00e7in karaci\u011fer hasar\u0131 duyarl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stergelerinin tespiti yoluyla, her gruptaki s\u0131\u00e7anlar\u0131n serumundaki ALT ve AST seviyelerinin farkl\u0131 ekstraktlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131ndan sonra de\u011fi\u015fen derecelerde artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu durum, Sophora alopecuroides ekstrakt\u0131n\u0131n uzun s\u00fcreli uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n karaci\u011fer fonksiyonlar\u0131nda hasara neden olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir ki bu da literat\u00fcr raporlar\u0131yla tutarl\u0131d\u0131r. Sophora alopecuroides'in farkl\u0131 ekstraktlar\u0131n\u0131n karaci\u011fer toksisitesini daha fazla ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, bu makale karaci\u011ferin mikroskobik morfolojik g\u00f6zlemlerini yapm\u0131\u015f ve s\u0131\u00e7an karaci\u011fer mitokondrilerinin \u015fi\u015fti\u011fini, hatta kristalar\u0131n kayboldu\u011funu ve belirgin otofaji sergiledi\u011fini bulmu\u015ftur. Bunlar aras\u0131nda otofaji, yabanc\u0131 maddeleri ortadan kald\u0131rmak ve olumsuz d\u0131\u015f fakt\u00f6rlere yan\u0131t vermek i\u00e7in v\u00fccudun verdi\u011fi bir yan\u0131tt\u0131r. Sophora alopecuroides \u00f6z\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanmas\u0131ndan sonra, s\u0131\u00e7anlar\u0131n karaci\u011ferinde \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde otofaji meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Otofajinin bazal seviyeleri h\u00fccreler \u00fczerinde koruyucu bir etkiye sahiptir, ancak a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 otofaji otofajik h\u00fccre \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olabilir ve hatta hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilerlemesini h\u0131zland\u0131rabilir. Bu arada, Ravanan ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 otofajiyi inhibe etmenin NF \u03ba B yolunun neden oldu\u011fu enflamatuar yan\u0131t\u0131 azaltabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Sophora alopecuroides'in farkl\u0131 ekstraktlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131ndan sonra, s\u0131\u00e7an karaci\u011ferindeki otofaji derecesi artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, bu da Sophora alopecuroides'in otofajiyi art\u0131rarak karaci\u011fer toksisitesini h\u0131zland\u0131rmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yor olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Mitokondri, h\u00fccrelerin enerji metabolizmas\u0131 merkezleridir ve h\u00fccre \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131, genetik bilgi aktar\u0131m\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k d\u00fczenlemesi, h\u00fccre b\u00fcy\u00fcme d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc d\u00fczenlemesi, apoptoz ve di\u011fer s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde \u00f6nemli roller oynar. Ayn\u0131 zamanda h\u00fccrelerin ROS benzeri maddeler \u00fcretmesi i\u00e7in kilit bir b\u00f6lgedir ve mitokondriyal hasar ve i\u015flev bozuklu\u011fu v\u00fccutta metabolik anormalliklere ve organ i\u015flev bozuklu\u011funa neden olabilir. Bu nedenle, mitokondriyal hasar da karaci\u011fer toksisitesinin \u00f6nemli bir nedeni olabilir. Morfolojik g\u00f6zlem yoluyla, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Sophora alopecuroides'in farkl\u0131 ekstraktlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131ndan sonra, s\u0131\u00e7an karaci\u011fer mitokondrisinin \u015fi\u015fti\u011fini ve hatta \u00f6zellikle WD grubunda kristalar\u0131n kayboldu\u011funu bulmu\u015ftur. Bunun nedeni, ROS serbest radikal \u00fcretiminde art\u0131\u015fa yol a\u00e7an ve sonu\u00e7ta v\u00fccutta organ i\u015flev bozuklu\u011funa neden olan mitokondriyal hasar olabilir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, MDA, GSH, SOD gibi ilgili oksidatif stres g\u00f6stergelerini \u00f6l\u00e7erek s\u0131\u00e7an karaci\u011fer toksisitesi ile oksidatif stres aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir korelasyon bulmu\u015ftur. Sophora alopecuroides'in farkl\u0131 ekstraktlar\u0131, uygulamadan sonra di\u015fi ve erkek s\u0131\u00e7anlarda oksidatif stres g\u00f6stergelerinde de\u011fi\u015fen derecelerde \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fikliklere neden olabilir ve bo\u015f gruba k\u0131yasla MDA'da \u00f6nemli bir art\u0131\u015f ve SOD'da \u00f6nemli bir azalma olabilir. MDA, lipid peroksidasyonunun nihai \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr ve lipid peroksidasyonunun derecesini ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla karaci\u011fer h\u00fccresi hasar\u0131n\u0131n derecesini yans\u0131tabilir. Normal \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda, SOD s\u00fcperoksiti H2O2'ye, CAT H2O2'yi H2O'ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilir ve GSH, H+ sa\u011flayarak, v\u00fccuttaki s\u00fcperoksit iyonlar\u0131n\u0131 ve di\u011fer serbest radikalleri temizleyerek ve b\u00f6ylece karaci\u011fer h\u00fccresi hasar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyerek serbest oksijen radikallerinin toksisitesine do\u011frudan kar\u015f\u0131 koyabilir. Asl\u0131nda, oksidatif stres kolit, ateroskleroz ve Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n patogenezinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, ac\u0131 fasulyenin karaci\u011fer hasar\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu ana mekanizman\u0131n oksidatif stres oldu\u011funu bulmu\u015ftur.<br \/>\nNrf2 sinyal yolu, v\u00fccuttaki oksidatif stres ve antioksidan aktivite i\u00e7in ana yoldur. Normal ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda, Nrf2 esas olarak Keap1'e ba\u011flanarak sitoplazmada bulunan ve h\u00fccresel homeostaz\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyede tutulan bir kompleks olu\u015fturur. V\u00fccut, ila\u00e7 uyar\u0131m\u0131 ve serbest oksijen radikallerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi d\u0131\u015f uyaranlara maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Nrf2 ve Keap1 taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan kompleks ayr\u0131l\u0131r ve Nrf2 proteini birikerek \u00e7ekirde\u011fe ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. \u00c7ekirdekte, Nrf2 antioksidan yan\u0131t elementi ARE'ye ba\u011flanarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f antioksidan proteinleri HO-1 ve SOD1'in ekspresyonunu ind\u00fckler. SOD2 esas olarak mitokondride da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r ve mitokondriyal ortam\u0131n stabilitesini korumak i\u00e7in serbest oksijen radikallerini temizleyen anahtar bir proteindir. Aktivitesi v\u00fccuttaki ROS de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ile de\u011fi\u015fir. HO-1 ve SOD1 bilirubin, CO ve Fe2+ \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in hemoglobinin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131 katalize edebilir ve bunlar\u0131n hepsi pozitif antioksidan etkiler g\u00f6sterebilir. Zn SOD olarak da bilinen SOD2, s\u00fcperoksit anyonlar\u0131n\u0131 temizleyebilir. Western blot sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, WD, WU ve EU ekstraktlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131ndan sonra erkek s\u0131\u00e7anlar\u0131n karaci\u011ferinde Nrf2 protein ekspresyonunda bo\u015f gruba k\u0131yasla anlaml\u0131 bir fark oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. HO-1 protein ekspresyonu, uygulamadan sonra d\u00f6rt ekstrakt grubunda da \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (P&lt;0.05, bkz. \u015eekil 6). SOD1 protein ekspresyonu di\u015fi s\u0131\u00e7anlar\u0131n karaci\u011ferinde \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azal\u0131rken, WD ve ER gruplar\u0131 en belirgin olmak \u00fczere erkek s\u0131\u00e7anlar\u0131n karaci\u011ferinde de azalma e\u011filimi g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir (P&lt;0,05). SOD2 protein ekspresyonu erkek s\u0131\u00e7anlar\u0131n karaci\u011ferinde \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azal\u0131rken, di\u015fi s\u0131\u00e7anlar\u0131n her grubunda artan bir e\u011filim g\u00f6stermi\u015f ve WD, WU ve ER&#039;de bo\u015f gruba k\u0131yasla \u00f6nemli farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Erkek ve di\u015fi s\u0131\u00e7anlar aras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6stergelerin de\u011fi\u015fiminde farkl\u0131l\u0131klar olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, her ikisi de s\u0131\u00e7anlar\u0131n karaci\u011fer oksidatif stres g\u00f6stergelerini etkileyerek karaci\u011fer toksisitesine neden olabilir. Di\u015fi s\u0131\u00e7anlar, oksidatif stres alt\u0131nda i\u00e7 dengeyi korumak i\u00e7in telafi edici mekanizmalar yoluyla antioksidan i\u015flevi geri kazanabilir. Akut toksisite deneylerinin erken a\u015famas\u0131nda, erkek farelerin farkl\u0131 ekstraktlar\u0131n toksisitesine kar\u015f\u0131 daha duyarl\u0131 oldu\u011fu, daha y\u00fcksek \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu ve erkek ve di\u015fi s\u0131\u00e7anlar\u0131n fizyolojik yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu, bunun da erkek ve di\u015fi s\u0131\u00e7anlar aras\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6stergelerde belirli farkl\u0131l\u0131klara yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi bulunmu\u015ftur. Chen ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 da fare ve s\u0131\u00e7anlarda alt\u0131n demir kilidi ekstresi \u00fczerinde akut ve subakut toksisite deneyleri yaparken erkek ve di\u015fi s\u0131\u00e7anlar aras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6stergelerde \u00f6nemli farkl\u0131l\u0131klar bulmu\u015ftur.<br \/>\n\u00d6zetle, Sophora alopecuroides ekstresi, esas olarak Nrf2\/HO-1 yola\u011f\u0131ndaki ilgili proteinleri d\u00fczenleyerek v\u00fccutta oksidatif strese yol a\u00e7arak karaci\u011fer toksisitesine neden olabilir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Study on the hepatotoxicity mechanism of different extracts of Sophora alopecuroides based on oxidative stress Sophora alopecuroides L. belongs to the family Fabaceae and genus Sophora. In 1977, it was included in the Pharmacopoeia of the People&#8217;s Republic of China and is an important component of traditional Chinese medicine plant resources and ecological vegetation in [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Study on the hepatotoxicity mechanism of different extracts of Sophora alopecuroides based on oxidative stress - China Chemical Manufacturer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/tr\/sophora-alopecuroides-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Study on the hepatotoxicity mechanism of different extracts of Sophora alopecuroides based on oxidative stress - China Chemical Manufacturer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Study on the hepatotoxicity mechanism of different extracts of Sophora alopecuroides based on oxidative stress Sophora alopecuroides L. belongs to the family Fabaceae and genus Sophora. 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