{"id":8577,"date":"2024-08-14T16:42:45","date_gmt":"2024-08-14T16:42:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/?p=8577"},"modified":"2024-08-14T16:42:45","modified_gmt":"2024-08-14T16:42:45","slug":"ligustrum-chuanxiong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/tr\/ligustrum-chuanxiong\/","title":{"rendered":"Ligustrum chuanxiong'da fitotoksik aktiviteye sahip fosan seskiterpenler"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ligustrum chuanxiong'da fitotoksik aktiviteye sahip fosan seskiterpenler<br \/>\nFitoallelopati, bir bitkiden \u00e7evreye do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 olarak ba\u015fka bir bitki \u00fczerinde zararl\u0131 veya faydal\u0131 etkileri olan kimyasallar\u0131n sal\u0131nmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Allelopatik maddelerin sal\u0131nmas\u0131, ekolojik avantajlar elde etmek i\u00e7in \u00f6zel habitatlarda t\u00fcrler taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen bir hayatta kalma stratejisidir. Di\u011fer bitkilerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini ve ayn\u0131 habitattaki bitki topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 etkileyebilir ve hatta b\u00f6lgedeki bitki pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m modelini ve biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini etkileyebilir. Allelopatik maddeleri \u00f6nc\u00fc bile\u015fikler olarak kullanan \u00e7evre dostu do\u011fal herbisitlerin geli\u015ftirilmesi, \u015fu anda seskiterpenlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck potansiyele sahip oldu\u011fu bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma noktas\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\nAsteraceae familyas\u0131ndaki Ligularia cinsinin L. virgaurea, L. macrophylla ve L. sagitta gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli bitkileri \u00f6nemli allelopatik aktivite sergiler. Seskiterpenler bu bitkilerdeki ana allelopatik aktif bile\u015fenler olarak kabul edilir ve genellikle fitotoksik aktivite sergilerler. Bu cinse ait olan L. cymbulifera bitkisi, Hengduan Da\u011flar\u0131'nda yayg\u0131n olarak bulunur ve Yunnan Eyaleti'nin Shangri La b\u00f6lgesinde 2000-4000 m'deki da\u011f \u00e7ay\u0131rlar\u0131nda yo\u011fun olarak yeti\u015fir. Yerel alpin meralarda bask\u0131n bir t\u00fcrd\u00fcr. Ligularia angustifolia'n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca ikincil metabolitleri seskiterpenler, karbon indirgeyici seskiterpenler, bisabolan seskiterpenler ve piroliziding alkaloidlerdir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi erken a\u015famada, k\u00f6klerinden ve rizosfer topra\u011f\u0131ndan bitki toksik aktivitesine sahip \u00e7ok say\u0131da seskiterpeni izole etmi\u015f ve tespit etmi\u015ftir. Deneysel sonu\u00e7lar, taksan s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndaki seskiterpenlerin Ligustrum chuanxiong taraf\u0131ndan rizosfer \u00e7evresindeki topra\u011fa, di\u011fer bitki tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7imlenmesine ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine sinerjik olarak m\u00fcdahale eden potansiyel allelopatik maddeler olarak sentezlenip sal\u0131nabilece\u011fini ve b\u00f6ylece Ligustrum chuanxiong'un Hengduan Da\u011flar\u0131'nda ekolojik avantajlar kazanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Daha fazla potansiyel allelopatik madde aramak ve bunlar\u0131n etki mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 daha fazla incelemek ve \u00e7evre dostu do\u011fal herbisitlerin geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nc\u00fc bile\u015fikleri taramak amac\u0131yla, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma Ligularia baicalensis'teki phorane s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n fitotoksik seskiterpenlerini ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu makalede, Ligustrum chuanxiong k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fcn 95% metanol fraksiyonundan, yeni bir eremofilan-12,8-laktam tipi seskiterpen alkaloid olan bile\u015fik 1 de dahil olmak \u00fczere 13 seskiterpen izole edilmi\u015ftir; Bile\u015fik 2-5, Foshanes s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na ait bir seskiterpen t\u00fcr\u00fc olan eremofilan-12,8-olidlerdir; Bile\u015fik 6-10, Foshane s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n eremofilan-14,6-olid tipi seskiterpenleridir; Bile\u015fik 11, 12 ve 13, furanemofilan tipi furanen seskiterpenleridir (bkz. \u015eekil 1). Yukar\u0131daki bile\u015fiklerin bitki toksisite aktivitesi ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve sonu\u00e7lar 1-13 bile\u015fiklerinin Arabidopsis tohum \u00e7imlenmesi \u00fczerinde inhibit\u00f6r aktiviteye sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak hepsinin Arabidopsis tohum k\u00f6k b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi \u00fczerinde belirli inhibit\u00f6r aktivite sergiledi\u011fini ve baz\u0131 bile\u015fiklerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck konsantrasyonlarda bo\u015f kontrol grubuna k\u0131yasla tohum \u00e7imlenme s\u00fcresini 1-2 g\u00fcn uzatabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu sonu\u00e7 literat\u00fcrle tutarl\u0131d\u0131r: seskiterpenler k\u00f6k uzamas\u0131n\u0131 engellemede tohum \u00e7imlenmesini engellemekten daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc aktiviteye sahiptir ve allelopatik potansiyele sahip bitki toksik bile\u015fikleri genellikle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck konsantrasyonlarda tohum \u00e7imlenmesi \u00fczerinde te\u015fvik edici bir etki g\u00f6sterir. Son \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, bitkilerin parazit bitkilerle m\u00fccadelede \"intihar \u00e7imlenmesi\" veya \"bal k\u00fcp\u00fc stratejisi\" ad\u0131 verilen yeni bir strateji geli\u015ftirdi\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir: Strigolaktonlar (SL'ler) gibi konuk\u00e7u bitkiler taraf\u0131ndan sal\u0131nan allelopatik maddeler, Striga spp. ve Orobanche spp. gibi parazit bitkilerin tohum \u00e7imlenmesini tetikleyebilir ve uyarabilir. Konuk\u00e7u bitkinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ortamda yeti\u015ftirilirse, \u00e7imlenen bu tohumlar besin kayna\u011f\u0131 eksikli\u011fi nedeniyle \u00f6l\u00fcmlerini h\u0131zland\u0131racak ve b\u00f6ylece topraktaki parazit bitki tohum rezervini azaltacakt\u0131r. Karma\u015f\u0131k \u00e7evresel bask\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, allelopatik maddeler genellikle birden fazla ekolojik rol oynar. Bu deneyin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, Ligustrum chuanxiong'daki seskiterpenlerin, di\u011fer bitki tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7imlenmesini ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini do\u011frudan engellemenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yukar\u0131da bahsedilen \"intihar \u00e7imlenmesine\" benzer bir strateji de benimseyebilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir; bu strateji, di\u011fer bitki tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7imlenmesini tetiklemek ve te\u015fvik etmek ve daha sonra k\u00f6k ucu h\u00fccrelerinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc bir \u015fekilde tetiklemek, besin emilimini engellemek ve \u00f6l\u00fcmlerini h\u0131zland\u0131rmak, b\u00f6ylece bu bitkiler taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7evredeki topraktaki besin t\u00fcketimini azaltmakt\u0131r. \u015eu anda benzer bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma raporu bulunmamaktad\u0131r ve bu spek\u00fclasyonun deneyler yoluyla daha fazla do\u011frulanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Bile\u015fik 3, 5 ve 13'\u00fcn erken tohum \u00e7imlenmesini te\u015fvik etme \u00fczerindeki etkilerini di\u011fer bile\u015fiklerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, sonu\u00e7lar 6 konumunda lakton halkalar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumunun ve 15. konum s\u00fcbstit\u00fcentlerinin te\u015fvik etkisini etkileyebilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir; 3 yan zincir ve 10 hidroksil grubu s\u00fcbstit\u00fce edilmi\u015fse, inhibe edici bir etkiye sahip olabilir; 6 basamakl\u0131 bir yan zincirin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 te\u015fvik edici bir etkiye sahip olabilir. \u00d6te yandan, 1-13 bile\u015fiklerinin Arabidopsis k\u00f6k b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi \u00fczerindeki inhibit\u00f6r aktivitesi, bile\u015fik konsantrasyonu ve yap\u0131s\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilidir (bkz. \u015eekil 4). \u00d6nceki deneylerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na dayanarak, Ligustrum chuanxiong'dan elde edilen seskiterpenlerin Arabidopsis k\u00f6k b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi \u00fczerindeki inhibit\u00f6r aktivitesi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki modeli izlemektedir: furanermophiliane tipi seskiterpenler daha iyi bitki toksisitesine sahiptir ve furanermophiliane tipi&gt;eremophiliane-14,6-olides tipi&gt;eremophiliane-12,8-oolides tipi&gt;modifiye eremophiliane tipi. Arabidopsis k\u00f6k b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi \u00fczerinde 11, 12 ve 13 numaral\u0131 bile\u015fiklerin inhibit\u00f6r aktiviteleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 13 numaral\u0131 bile\u015fi\u011fin EC50 de\u011feri 44,15 \u00b1 5,21 \u03bc g\/mL iken, 11 ve 12 numaral\u0131 bile\u015fiklerin EC50 de\u011ferleri s\u0131ras\u0131yla 2,30 \u00b1 2,92 ve 75,62 \u00b1 1,33 \u03bc g\/mL'dir. Bu durum, furanermofilan tipi diterpenlerin 6. ve 15. pozisyon s\u00fcbstit\u00fcentleri lakton halkalar\u0131 olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda aktivitenin daha iyi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Arabidopsis k\u00f6k b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi \u00fczerinde 6-10 bile\u015fiklerinin inhibit\u00f6r aktiviteleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 6 ve 9 bile\u015fikleri benzer aktivite g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir, bu da eremophilane-14,6-olides tipi seskiterpenlerin A halkas\u0131 \u00fczerindeki \u00e7ift ba\u011f\u0131n bitki toksisitesi \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok az etkisi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. 2-5 numaral\u0131 bile\u015fiklerin Arabidopsis k\u00f6k b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi \u00fczerindeki inhibit\u00f6r aktiviteleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 2 ve 5 numaral\u0131 bile\u015fikler aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok fazla aktivite fark\u0131 yoktur, bu da eremophilane-12,8-olides sesquiterpenes'in 6. ve 15. s\u00fcbstit\u00fcentlerinin lakton halkalar\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011funu ve 3. pozisyondaki s\u00fcbstit\u00fcentlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n aktivite \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok az etkisi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Arabidopsis k\u00f6k b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi \u00fczerinde 1 ve 3, 3, 5 ve 4, 6 ve 7, 9 ve 10 numaral\u0131 bile\u015fiklerin inhibit\u00f6r aktiviteleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00f6nceki ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla tutarl\u0131 olarak 10 numaral\u0131 pozisyonda bir hidroksil ikamesi oldu\u011funda bitki toksisitesinin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur. Bile\u015fik 13 bu deneyde en iyi bitki toksisite aktivitesini sergilemi\u015ftir. Yukar\u0131daki yap\u0131-aktivite analizinden, 10 hidroksil grubu ve 6 yan zincir s\u00fcbstit\u00fcsyonu i\u00e7eren furanermofilan tipi seskiterpenlerin \u00e7evre dostu do\u011fal herbisit \u00f6nc\u00fc bile\u015fikleri olarak hizmet etme potansiyeline sahip oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131labilir. Bu nedenle, bir sonraki ad\u0131m Ligustrum chuanxiong'dan bu t\u00fcrden daha fazla bile\u015fik aramak ve \u00e7evre dostu do\u011fal herbisitlerin geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nc\u00fc bile\u015fikler taramak olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fosane sesquiterpenes with phytotoxic activity in Ligustrum chuanxiong Phytoallelopathy refers to the release of chemicals from one plant to the environment, which directly or indirectly have harmful or beneficial effects on another plant. Releasing allelopathic substances is a survival strategy evolved by species in special habitats to gain ecological advantages. It may affect the growth [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Fosane sesquiterpenes with phytotoxic activity in Ligustrum chuanxiong - China Chemical Manufacturer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/tr\/ligustrum-chuanxiong\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fosane sesquiterpenes with phytotoxic activity in Ligustrum chuanxiong - China Chemical Manufacturer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Fosane sesquiterpenes with phytotoxic activity in Ligustrum chuanxiong Phytoallelopathy refers to the release of chemicals from one plant to the environment, which directly or indirectly have harmful or beneficial effects on another plant. 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