{"id":6376,"date":"2024-08-06T11:50:07","date_gmt":"2024-08-06T11:50:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/?p=6376"},"modified":"2024-08-06T11:50:07","modified_gmt":"2024-08-06T11:50:07","slug":"hawthorn-leaves","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/tr\/alic-yapraklari\/","title":{"rendered":"Al\u0131\u00e7 yapraklar\u0131ndaki toplam flavonoidlerin streptozotosin ile diyabet olu\u015fturulmu\u015f farelerde antioksidan enzim aktivitesi ve ilgili gen ekspresyonu \u00fczerine etkileri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Al\u0131\u00e7 yapraklar\u0131ndaki toplam flavonoidlerin streptozotosin ile diyabet olu\u015fturulmu\u015f farelerde antioksidan enzim aktivitesi ve ilgili gen ekspresyonu \u00fczerine etkileri
\nDiyabet (DM), hiperglisemi ile karakterize metabolik bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. D\u00fcnyada g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l artmakta olup, \u00f6ncelik verilmesi gereken d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc hastal\u0131k haline gelmi\u015ftir. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kan \u015fekeri konsantrasyonu v\u00fccutta metabolik bozukluklara neden olarak doku hasar\u0131na ve fonksiyonel bozulmaya yol a\u00e7abilir. Bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n en yayg\u0131n \u015fekli tip 1 ve tip 2 diyabettir. Yetersiz ins\u00fclin \u00fcretimi (tip 1) veya ins\u00fcline kar\u015f\u0131 h\u00fccre duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kayb\u0131n\u0131n hiperglisemi ile sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu iki tipin \u00f6zellikleri ins\u00fclin direnci (tip 2) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu iki diyabet t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn farkl\u0131 nedenleri olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, her ikisi de h\u00fccresel oksidatif stresten etkilenmektedir. Tip 1 diyabetin temel mekanizmas\u0131, genetik, \u00e7evresel ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k fakt\u00f6rlerinin etkile\u015fiminden kaynaklanan pankreas adac\u0131k \u03b2 h\u00fccrelerinin spesifik hasar\u0131d\u0131r ve mutlak ins\u00fclin eksikli\u011fi ile sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r. \u015eu anda, ins\u00fclin hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedavi etmek i\u00e7in ana ila\u00e7t\u0131r, ancak ins\u00fclin uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel yolu hastan\u0131n uyumunu ve hipoglisemik olaylar, kilo al\u0131m\u0131, ketoasidoz ve di\u011fer yan etkiler dahil olmak \u00fczere kendi terap\u00f6tik etkisini etkiledi\u011finden, tip 1 diyabetli hastalar\u0131n kan \u015fekerini kontrol etmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in ins\u00fclin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ila\u00e7lar aramak \u00f6nemli klinik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Al\u0131\u00e7 (Crataegus Pinnatifida Bunge) hem yenilebilir hem de t\u0131bbi bir bitkidir. Al\u0131\u00e7 yapraklar\u0131 antioksidan \u00f6zelliklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kan lipitlerini, kan \u015fekerini ve kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli farmakolojik aktivitelere sahiptir. Al\u0131\u00e7 yapraklar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli biyoaktif bile\u015fenler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengindir. Li ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, al\u0131\u00e7 yapraklar\u0131ndaki polisakkarit bile\u015fiklerinin DPPH ve OH serbest radikallerini temizleme yetene\u011fine sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Hu ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, al\u0131\u00e7 yapra\u011f\u0131 flavonoidlerinin, LDLR ekspresyonunu yukar\u0131 do\u011fru d\u00fczenleyerek hiperlipidemik farelerin karaci\u011ferinde serbest kolesterol\u00fcn temizlenmesini te\u015fvik edebilece\u011fini ve b\u00f6ylece farelerde lipit metabolizmas\u0131 bozukluklar\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirebilece\u011fini bulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Zhang ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, al\u0131\u00e7 yapraklar\u0131ndan elde edilen toplam flavonoidlerin intraperitoneal enjeksiyonunun h\u00fccre apoptozunu inhibe edebilece\u011fini ve omurilik hasar\u0131 olan s\u0131\u00e7anlarda motor fonksiyon iyile\u015fmesini destekleyebilece\u011fini bulmu\u015ftur. Li ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, al\u0131\u00e7 yapraklar\u0131ndan elde edilen toplam flavonoidlerin alkolik olmayan ya\u011fl\u0131 karaci\u011fer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 karaci\u011fer h\u00fccrelerinde s\u00fcperoksit dismutaz (SOD), katalaz (CAT) ve glutatyon peroksidaz (GSH-PX) seviyelerini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabildi\u011fini, malondialdehit (MDA) i\u00e7eri\u011fini azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, v\u00fccudun antioksidan kapasitesini art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece alkolik olmayan ya\u011fl\u0131 karaci\u011fer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilerlemesini geciktirdi\u011fini veya \u00f6nledi\u011fini bulmu\u015ftur.
\nBu deneyde, diyabet fare modeli ilk olarak streptozotosin (STZ) enjekte edilerek olu\u015fturulmu\u015f ve daha sonra al\u0131\u00e7 yapra\u011f\u0131ndan elde edilen toplam flavonoidlerin (TFHL) farkl\u0131 konsantrasyonlarda gavaj yoluyla ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde olu\u015fturulan diyabet fareleri, al\u0131\u00e7 yapra\u011f\u0131 flavonoidlerinin diyabet fareleri \u00fczerindeki antioksidan etkisini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve al\u0131\u00e7\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi ve kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile diyabetin \u00f6nlenmesi ve tedavisi i\u00e7in referans ve referans sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"Kan \u015fekeri v\u00fccut h\u00fccreleri, dokular\u0131 ve organlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Oral glukoz tolerans testi, pankreatik beta h\u00fccrelerinin i\u015flevini ve v\u00fccuttaki glukoz metabolizmas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirebilir. Huang ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, Houttuynia cordata Thunb'un toplam flavonoidlerinin tip 1 diyabet farelerinde kan \u015fekerini azaltabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Yukar\u0131daki ara\u015ft\u0131rma flavonoidlerin diyabet tedavisi \u00fczerinde olumlu etkileri oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu deneyin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, al\u0131\u00e7 yapra\u011f\u0131 flavonoidlerinin kan glikoz konsantrasyonunu azaltabildi\u011fini ve diyabet farelerinde glikozun pik zaman\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirebildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir ki bu da yukar\u0131daki ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla tutarl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ns\u00fclin v\u00fccuttaki tek hipoglisemik hormondur ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi diyabetteki patolojik de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin derecesini de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. Bu deneyin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, al\u0131\u00e7 yapra\u011f\u0131 flavonunun farelerde ins\u00fclin i\u00e7eri\u011fini art\u0131rabildi\u011fini ve diyabet farelerinde kan \u015fekeri konsantrasyonunu azaltabildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir ki bu da Zeng ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131\u00e7 yapra\u011f\u0131 flavonunun diyabet farelerinde kan \u015fekeri seviyesini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltabildi\u011fi ve glikoz metabolizmas\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirebildi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla tutarl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu deneyin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131nda, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck doz al\u0131\u00e7 yapra\u011f\u0131 flavonoidleri kan \u015fekerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmede en iyi etkiyi g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bunun nedeni, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck doz al\u0131\u00e7 yapra\u011f\u0131 flavonoidlerinin ilk olarak pankreas \u00fczerinde etki g\u00f6stererek ins\u00fclin salg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmesi ve kan \u015fekerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmesi, y\u00fcksek doz al\u0131\u00e7 yapra\u011f\u0131 flavonoidlerinin ise ilk olarak karaci\u011fer \u00fczerinde etki g\u00f6stererek karaci\u011fer hasar\u0131n\u0131 onarmas\u0131 ve ilgili gen ifadesini art\u0131rmas\u0131 olabilir. Bu, Zhang, Lu ve di\u011ferlerinin ara\u015ft\u0131rma bulgular\u0131yla tutarl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mevcut ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar diyabet patogenezinin karma\u015f\u0131k oldu\u011funu ve \u00f6nemli patogenezinin reaktif oksijen serbest radikallerinin birikiminin v\u00fccudun antioksidan kapasitesini azaltmas\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Liu ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, Jungar al\u0131\u00e7 yapraklar\u0131ndaki \u00fc\u00e7 flavonoidin de serbest radikalleri temizleme i\u015flevine sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir; Bu deneye g\u00f6re, \u00e7e\u015fitli gruplardan elde edilen veriler, al\u0131\u00e7 yapra\u011f\u0131 flavonoidlerinin serum ve karaci\u011ferdeki antioksidan enzimlerin aktivitesini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilece\u011fini ve MDA i\u00e7eri\u011fini azaltabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bunun birka\u00e7 nedeni olabilir. \u0130lk olarak, yar\u0131 Kun serbest radikallerin kararl\u0131 do\u011fas\u0131 nedeniyle, v\u00fccuttaki serbest radikaller al\u0131\u00e7 yapra\u011f\u0131 flavonoidlerindeki fenolik hidroksil gruplar\u0131yla reaksiyona girerek kararl\u0131 yar\u0131 Kun serbest radikalleri olu\u015fturabilir ve b\u00f6ylece serbest radikallerin zincirleme reaksiyonunu sonland\u0131rabilir. Zincirleme reaksiyonun sona ermesi v\u00fccudun antioksidan kapasitesini art\u0131r\u0131r. \u0130kincisi, v\u00fccuttaki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 serbest radikallerin neden olabilece\u011fi lipid peroksidasyonu nedeniyle MDA i\u00e7eri\u011finin artabilmesidir. Al\u0131\u00e7 yapra\u011f\u0131 flavonoidleri lipid peroksidasyonunu inhibe edebilir ve sonu\u00e7 olarak serum ve karaci\u011ferdeki MDA i\u00e7eri\u011fi artmaz, b\u00f6ylece v\u00fccudun antioksidan kapasitesi artar. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak, al\u0131\u00e7 yapraklar\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok flavonoid t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r. B halkas\u0131nda kom\u015fu bir hidroksil grubu oldu\u011funda, 2,3 \u00e7ift ba\u011f elektronlar\u0131n\u0131 B halkas\u0131na kaybeder ve kararl\u0131 serbest radikaller olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in d\u00f6ner. 4-pozisyonlu karbonil grubu, kom\u015fu hidroksil grubu ile hidrojen ba\u011flar\u0131 olu\u015fturarak serbest radikallerin ara \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc daha kararl\u0131 hale getirebilir. Ek olarak, h\u00fccrelerde bir Fenton reaksiyonu (Fe2++H2O2 \u2192 Fe3++- OH+- OH -) vard\u0131r ve vitexin, 4-karbonil-5-hidroksi aras\u0131ndaki kompleksle\u015fme b\u00f6lgesi ile Fe2+ ile kompleksle\u015fme reaksiyonuna girebilir. Fe2+ ile kompleksle\u015fme - OH olu\u015fumunu etkili bir \u015fekilde azaltabilir, kompleks \u00e7\u00f6kelme olu\u015fturabilir, serbest radikalleri azaltabilir ve v\u00fccudun antioksidan kapasitesini art\u0131rabilir. Al\u0131\u00e7 yapra\u011f\u0131 flavonoidleri, tip 1 diyabet farelerinin karaci\u011fer ve serumundaki antioksidan enzimlerin aktivitesini art\u0131rabilir, MDA i\u00e7eri\u011fini azaltabilir ve v\u00fccudun antioksidan kapasitesini art\u0131rabilir. Antioksidan genlerin ifadesi, antioksidan enzimlerin antioksidan aktivitesi ile yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkilidir.<\/p>\n

V\u00fccuttaki oksidasyon derecesi oksitleri temizleme kabiliyetini a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, oksidasyon ve antioksidan sistemlerin stabilitesi bozulur ve oksidatif hasara neden olur. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyeli oksidatif stres alt\u0131nda, v\u00fccudun antioksidan proteinleri, antioksidan yan\u0131t elementlerinin (ARE) veya elektrofilik yan\u0131t elementlerinin (EpRE) cis etkili elementleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla aktive edilir. ARE, antioksidan enzimlerin v\u00fccuttaki oksidatif strese tepkisini transkripsiyonel d\u00fczeyde d\u00fczenleyebilir. Normal fizyolojik ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda, n\u00fckleer fakt\u00f6r E2 ile ili\u015fkili fakt\u00f6r 2 (Nrf2) sitoplazmada epoksi kloropropan kelch \u00f6rne\u011fi ile ili\u015fkili protein-1'e (Keap1) ba\u011flan\u0131r ve aktivitesi inhibe edilir. Fizyolojik ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda Nrf2'nin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck transkripsiyonel aktivitesini korumak i\u00e7in ubikitin proteaz etkisi alt\u0131nda par\u00e7alan\u0131r. H\u00fccre oksidatif stres alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funda, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta ba\u011fl\u0131 olan Nrf2 Keap1'den ayr\u0131l\u0131r ve aktive olan Nrf2 \u00e7ekirde\u011fe girer ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Maf proteinleri ile bir dimer olu\u015fturur, b\u00f6ylece ARE elementlerini tan\u0131r ve ba\u011flan\u0131r, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f gen transkripsiyonunu ve v\u00fccuttaki antioksidan enzimlerin transkripsiyonunu ba\u015flat\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece aktivite artar ve v\u00fccudun oksidatif hasar\u0131 dengelenir.<\/p>\n

Bu deneyde, diyabetli fareler 4 hafta boyunca al\u0131\u00e7 yapra\u011f\u0131 flavonoidleri ile beslendikten sonra, diyabetli farelerin karaci\u011ferinde SOD-1, SOD-2, GPX-1 ve GPX-4 olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt antioksidan genin ifadesi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, bunun iki nedeni olabilir. Bir yandan, diyabetli farelerin v\u00fccudundaki \u015fiddetli oksidatif stres nedeniyle, v\u00fccudun antioksidan sistemi serbest radikallerin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 dengeleyemedi, bu da h\u00fccrelerde ciddi oksidatif hasara neden oldu ve v\u00fccudun endojen antioksidan sistemi serbest radikalleri ortadan kald\u0131ramad\u0131. Al\u0131\u00e7 yapra\u011f\u0131 flavonoidleri sadece v\u00fccuttaki serbest radikalleri ortadan kald\u0131rmakla kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda metal iyonlar\u0131yla kompleks olu\u015fturabilir, serbest radikallerin ve metal iyonlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fccrelere verdi\u011fi oksidatif hasar\u0131 azaltabilir, Nrf2'nin n\u00fckleer translokasyonunu te\u015fvik edebilir ve serbest radikalleri art\u0131rabilir. ve ard\u0131ndan diyabet farelerinin karaci\u011ferinde SOD-1, SOD-2, GPX-1 ve GPX-4 genlerinin ekspresyonunu art\u0131r\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, diyabet farelerinde antioksidan enzim aktivitesinin azalmas\u0131, v\u00fccutta serbest radikallerin artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7arak h\u00fccrelerin oksidatif hasar g\u00f6rmesine, mitokondriyal sistemin yetersiz enerji tedarikine ve bloke DNA ve RNA transkripsiyonuna neden olabilir, bu da hastal\u0131kl\u0131 farelerin karaci\u011ferinde antioksidan genlerin ekspresyonunu \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131r. Al\u0131\u00e7 yapra\u011f\u0131 flavonoidleri in vivo olarak serbest radikalleri temizleme etkisine sahip oldu\u011fundan, intragastrik uygulamadan sonra fare h\u00fccrelerinde DNA ve RNA transkripsiyonu iyile\u015fmi\u015f ve diyabetli farelerin karaci\u011ferinde SOD-1, SOD-2, GPX-1 ve GPX-4 genlerinin ekspresyonu artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Deng ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, quercetinin etanol ile ink\u00fcbe edilen insan birincil karaci\u011fer h\u00fccrelerinde Nrf2'nin n\u00fckleer translokasyon ekspresyonunu aktive edebilece\u011fini bulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Ganesan, Zhang ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, vitexinin NF - \u03ba B ve Nrf2 dahil olmak \u00fczere beta h\u00fccrelerinde apoptozun d\u00fczenlenmesinde rol oynayan anahtar proteinleri aktive ederek ins\u00fclin salg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirdi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bunlar\u0131n hepsi bu deneyin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla tutarl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7lar, al\u0131\u00e7 yapra\u011f\u0131 flavonoidlerinin MDA i\u00e7eri\u011fini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltabildi\u011fini ve STZ ile diyabet olu\u015fturulmu\u015f farelerin serum ve karaci\u011ferinde T-AOC, SOD ve GSH-PX aktivitelerini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Al\u0131\u00e7 yapra\u011f\u0131 flavonoidleri, STZ ile diyabet olu\u015fturulan farelerin karaci\u011ferinde SOD-1, SOD-2, GPX-1 ve GPX-4 genlerinin ekspresyonunu \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilir. \u00d6zetle, al\u0131\u00e7 yapra\u011f\u0131 flavonu diyabette oksidatif hasar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirebilir ve iyi bir antioksidan etkiye sahiptir. Diyabet tedavisinde ve ilgili ila\u00e7 ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve geli\u015ftirmede iyi bir geli\u015fme beklentisine sahiptir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Effects of total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves on antioxidant enzyme activity and related gene expression in streptozotocin induced diabetes mice Diabetes (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Its prevalence rate is increasing year by year in the world, and it has become the fourth disease that needs priority. Excessive blood sugar concentration can […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nEffects of total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves on antioxidant enzyme activity and related gene expression in streptozotocin induced diabetes mice - China Chemical Manufacturer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/tr\/alic-yapraklari\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Effects of total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves on antioxidant enzyme activity and related gene expression in streptozotocin induced diabetes mice - China Chemical Manufacturer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Effects of total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves on antioxidant enzyme activity and related gene expression in streptozotocin induced diabetes mice Diabetes (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Its prevalence rate is increasing year by year in the world, and it has become the fourth disease that needs priority. 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