{"id":6337,"date":"2024-08-06T11:42:42","date_gmt":"2024-08-06T11:42:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/?p=6337"},"modified":"2024-08-06T11:42:42","modified_gmt":"2024-08-06T11:42:42","slug":"atractylodes-macrocephala","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/tr\/atractylodes-macrocephala\/","title":{"rendered":"Atractylodes macrocephala'dan elde edilen polisakkaritlerin ve n-butanol\u00fcn dalak eksikli\u011fi olan s\u0131\u00e7anlarda mitokondriyal otofaji \u00fczerine etkileri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Atractylodes macrocephala'dan elde edilen polisakkaritlerin ve n-butanol\u00fcn dalak eksikli\u011fi olan s\u0131\u00e7anlarda mitokondriyal otofaji \u00fczerine etkileri
\nDalak eksikli\u011fi, organlar\u0131n ve i\u00e7 organlar\u0131n farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda yayg\u0131n bir sendrom t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr ve genellikle zay\u0131flama, i\u015ftahs\u0131zl\u0131k, epigastrik a\u011fr\u0131, \u015fi\u015fkinlik, yorgunluk, soluk ten rengi, gev\u015fek d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 vb. \u015feklinde kendini g\u00f6sterir. Dalak eksikli\u011fi, v\u00fccudun \u00f6zellikle gastrointestinal disfonksiyonla ili\u015fkili olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck enerjili bir metabolik durumda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Mitokondrinin v\u00fccutta gastrointestinal peristaltizm i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu, oksidatif fosforilasyon yoluyla ATP formunda enerji \u00fcretti\u011fini ve \"dalak arac\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ma \"n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir halkas\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir. Oksidatif hasar, besin eksikli\u011fi ve di\u011fer d\u0131\u015f uyaranlar kolayca mitokondriyal hasara yol a\u00e7abilir. Buna yan\u0131t olarak, konak h\u00fccreler hasarl\u0131 mitokondrileri temizlemek ve h\u00fccresel homeostaz\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in otofaji mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 aktive edebilir. Otofaji i\u015flevi bozulursa ve hasarl\u0131 mitokondriler zaman\u0131nda temizlenemezse, h\u00fccre \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olabilir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, dalak eksikli\u011fi olan hayvanlarda iskelet kas\u0131, sinirler, karaci\u011fer ve miyokard gibi h\u00fccrelerde mitokondriyal otofaji anormalliklerinin g\u00f6zlendi\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftur.
\nAtractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC, Asteraceae familyas\u0131nda yer alan, nemi kurutma ve dala\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme etkisine sahip \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k otsu bir bitkidir. \u00c7in Farmakopesi, kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Asteraceae bitkisi Atractylodes macrocephala veya Atractylodes macrocephala'n\u0131n rizomu oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir. Atractylodes macrocephala'n\u0131n yabani kaynaklar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla Hubei, Xuancheng, Anhui, Wuning, Jiangxi ve Hanzhong, Shaanxi'de da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rken, Atractylodes macrocephala'n\u0131n yabani kaynaklar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla Kuzeydo\u011fu \u00c7in, \u0130\u00e7 Mo\u011folistan, Hebei ve di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Geleneksel olarak, Jiangsu Eyaleti'nin Maoshan b\u00f6lgesindeki Atractylodes macrocephala'n\u0131n en iyi kaliteye sahip oldu\u011funa ve ger\u00e7ek bir \u015fifal\u0131 bitki oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tayland ve Japonya gibi bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede Atractylodes macrocephala sindirim sistemi hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n tedavisinde de yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Modern farmakolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, Atractylodes macrocephala'n\u0131n s\u0131\u00e7an serumundaki gastrointestinal hormon seviyelerini d\u00fczenleyebilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir; Atractylodes macrocephala \u00f6z\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn mide kanseri h\u00fccrelerinin (BGC-823 ve SGC-7901) ve Helicobacter pylori'nin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi \u00fczerinde inhibit\u00f6r etkileri vard\u0131r. Atractylodes macrocephala, u\u00e7ucu ya\u011flar, polisakkaritler, glikozitler ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck polariteli u\u00e7ucu olmayan maddeler dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasal bile\u015fenler i\u00e7erir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi daha \u00f6nce Atractylodes macrocephala'dan elde edilen polisakkaritlerin ve n-butanol bile\u015fenlerinin (glikozitler) dalak eksikli\u011fi \u00fczerinde terap\u00f6tik etkileri oldu\u011funu bulmu\u015ftur. Buna dayanarak, bu deney, Atractylodes macrocephala'n\u0131n rasyonel uygulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in temel olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan mitokondriyal otofaji perspektifinden dalak eksikli\u011fini d\u00fczenleyen Atractylodes macrocephala etkili bile\u015fenlerinin mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131ran ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"Dalak eksikli\u011finin klinik te\u015fhisi genellikle semptomlara dayan\u0131r. Dalak yetersizli\u011fi olan hastalar genellikle i\u015ftah azalmas\u0131, donuk kar\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, yorgunluk ve so\u011fuk uzuvlar gibi semptomlar g\u00f6sterir. Dalak eksikli\u011fi olan hayvanlarda i\u015ftah kayb\u0131 kilo kayb\u0131, kar\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 kamburluk, yorgunluk ve halsizlik halsizlik ve kolay yorulma, so\u011fuk korkusu ise k\u00fcmele\u015fme ve k\u0131vr\u0131lma \u015feklinde kendini g\u00f6sterir. Bu deneyde, s\u0131\u00e7anlar modellemeden sonra zay\u0131flama, kamburla\u015fma, halsizlik ve k\u0131vr\u0131lma belirtileri g\u00f6stermi\u015f, bu da kurulan dalak eksikli\u011fi s\u0131\u00e7an modelinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mitokondriyal otofajinin d\u00fczenleyici mekanizmas\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r ve \u00e7oklu sinyal yollar\u0131 farkl\u0131 otofaji s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine arac\u0131l\u0131k edebilir. PINK1\/Parkin yolu, mitokondride en yayg\u0131n ve en iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f otofaji sinyal yoludur. PINK1 genellikle sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 mitokondrilerde tespit edilemez \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc mitokondriye girdikten sonra intramembran hidrolazlar (Parl) taraf\u0131ndan par\u00e7alan\u0131r ve daha sonra temizlenir. \u015eekil 5'te g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi, mitokondri hasar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, PINK1'in mitokondriyal yola giri\u015fi, i\u00e7 membran potansiyelindeki azalma nedeniyle engellenir, mitokondrinin d\u0131\u015f membran\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli olarak birikir ve parkini hasarl\u0131 mitokondriye toplar. Parkin, PINK1 taraf\u0131ndan aktive edildi\u011finde hasarl\u0131 mitokondriyal membran proteinlerini ubikitine edebilen bir E3 ubikitin protein ligazd\u0131r. Se\u00e7ici otofaji adapt\u00f6r proteini p62 taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131n\u0131r ve daha sonra otofaji ile ili\u015fkili protein mikrot\u00fcb\u00fcl ili\u015fkili protein 1 hafif zincir 3'e (LC3) otofagozom membran\u0131 \u00fczerinde ba\u011flanarak otofajiyi ba\u015flat\u0131r ve nihayetinde hasarl\u0131 mitokondriyi bozar. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, PINK1 ve Parkin'in mRNA ve protein seviyelerinin model grubunda \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunun da hasarl\u0131 mitokondrilerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftur. PINK1\/Parkin yolu aktive olmu\u015ftur, ancak hasarl\u0131 mitokondriler i\u015flev bozuklu\u011fu nedeniyle otofaji taraf\u0131ndan par\u00e7alanmam\u0131\u015f olabilir. Atractylodes macrocephala'dan elde edilen polisakkaritler ve n-butanol ile tedaviden sonra, her bir s\u0131\u00e7an grubunda PINK1 ve Parkin'in mRNA ve protein seviyeleri azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, bu da baz\u0131 hasarl\u0131 mitokondrilerin otofaji ile par\u00e7aland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve temizlendi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Mitokondriyal otofaji, otofaji ile ilgili bir\u00e7ok protein taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenir, bu nedenle LC3 ve p62'nin daha kritik oldu\u011fu otofajinin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc belirlemek i\u00e7in genellikle belirli anahtar proteinlerin ifadesi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Otofaji olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, LC3'\u00fcn \u00e7o\u011fu sitoplazmada LC3I \u015feklinde bulunur. Otofaji ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde, LC3 ubikitinasyon modifikasyonuna u\u011frar ve otofagozomlar\u0131n membran y\u00fczeyinde bulunan LC3II'yi olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in otofagozomlar\u0131n y\u00fczeyindeki fosfatidiletanolamine ba\u011flan\u0131r. Bu nedenle, LC3II'nin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc genellikle otofajinin \u00f6nemli bir belirtecidir. \u00d6nemli bir se\u00e7ici otofaji adapt\u00f6r proteini olan p62, LC3II'ye ba\u011flanabilir ve se\u00e7ici otofaji i\u00e7in bir substrat g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rebilir. Lizozomlar ve otofagozomlar ba\u011flanma a\u015famas\u0131ndayken, p62 lizozomlar i\u00e7in bir don\u00f6r olarak hareket edebilir, otofagozomlar\u0131 onlarla ba\u011flanmaya ve otolizozomlar olu\u015fturmaya y\u00f6nlendirebilir. Son olarak, substratlar lizozomlardaki proteolitik enzimler taraf\u0131ndan par\u00e7alan\u0131r ve p62 daha sonra birlikte par\u00e7alan\u0131r. Otofaji genellikle p62'de bir azalma ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, model gruptaki LC3II proteini ekspresyonunun ve LC3II\/I oran\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015f gruptakilere k\u0131yasla \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015ftir; bu da dalak eksikli\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda gastrik antral doku h\u00fccrelerinde otofagozom olu\u015fumunun k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. p62 mRNA ve protein seviyelerindeki art\u0131\u015f otofaji aktivitesinin inhibisyonuna i\u015faret etmektedir. Atractylodes macrocephala, Atractylodes macrocephala ve n-butanolden elde edilen polisakkaritlerin uygulanmas\u0131ndan sonra, her s\u0131\u00e7an grubunda LC3 \u2160'nin LC3II'ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc artm\u0131\u015f ve p62 mRNA ve protein seviyeleri d\u00fc\u015ferek otofaji seviyelerinde bir art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Transmisyon elektron mikroskobu sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na paralel olarak, model grup s\u0131\u00e7anlar\u0131n mitokondriyal yap\u0131s\u0131 ciddi \u015fekilde hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve otofajik yap\u0131 g\u00f6zlenmemi\u015ftir, bu da bozulmu\u015f otofaji fonksiyonunun hasarl\u0131 mitokondri birikimine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Uygulamadan sonra, her bir s\u0131\u00e7an grubundaki mitokondriyal yap\u0131sal hasar azalm\u0131\u015f ve otofajik lizozomlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle, dalak eksikli\u011finin s\u0131\u00e7an mide antral dokusunda mitokondriyal otofaji fonksiyonunun bozulmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131na, Atractylodes macrocephala ve Atractylodes macrocephala'dan elde edilen polisakkaritlerin n-butanol ile uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n ise otofajiyi destekledi\u011fine inan\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

Mitokondriyal otofaji t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na genellikle reaktif oksijen t\u00fcrlerinin (ROS) \u00fcretimi e\u015flik eder ve h\u00fccre i\u00e7i ROS seviyelerindeki art\u0131\u015f oksidatif stresi ind\u00fckler. Oksidatif stres mitokondriyal membrana sald\u0131rarak membran potansiyelinde azalmaya, mitokondriyal hasara ve fonksiyonel bozuklu\u011fa yol a\u00e7ar, bu da enerji \u00fcretim kusurlar\u0131n\u0131 ve ROS art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tetikleyerek bir k\u0131s\u0131r d\u00f6ng\u00fc yarat\u0131r. Hasarl\u0131 ve i\u015flevsiz mitokondriler, ROS \u00fcretimini azaltmaya ve normal h\u00fccrelerde oksidatif hasar\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan mitokondriyal otofaji ile se\u00e7ici olarak temizlenir. H2O2, h\u00fccrelerdeki ana endojen ROS olup, neredeyse t\u00fcm oksidatif stres fakt\u00f6rleri taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilebilir ve h\u00fccrelerin i\u00e7ine ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131na serbest\u00e7e yay\u0131labilir, bu da oksidatif antioksidan sistemde bir dengesizli\u011fe neden olur. Bu nedenle, bu deney H2O2 i\u00e7eri\u011fini tespit ederek ROS seviyelerini dolayl\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirmektedir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, dalak eksikli\u011fi olan s\u0131\u00e7anlarda H2O2, membran potansiyeli ve ATP seviyelerinin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve mitokondriyal fonksiyonun bozuldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Atractylodes macrocephala'dan elde edilen polisakkaritler ve n-butanol ile tedavi, mitokondriyal otofajiyi te\u015fvik ederek ve hasarl\u0131 mitokondrilerin temizlenmesini art\u0131rarak elde edilebilecek mitokondriyal fonksiyonu \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde iyile\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zet olarak, Atractylodes macrocephala'n\u0131n polisakkaritlerinin ve n-butanol bile\u015fenlerinin mide antrum dokusundaki otofaji bozukluklar\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirerek ve mitokondriyal fonksiyonu geri kazand\u0131rarak dalak eksikli\u011fini d\u00fczenleyebilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz. Dahas\u0131, kepek ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak k\u0131zart\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra polisakkaritler ve n-butanol bile\u015fenleri ham \u00fcr\u00fcnden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha etkilidir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The effects of polysaccharides from Atractylodes macrocephala and n-butanol on mitochondrial autophagy in spleen deficient rats Spleen deficiency is a common syndrome type in the differentiation of organs and viscera, usually manifested as emaciation, loss of appetite, epigastric pain, bloating, fatigue, pale complexion, loose stools, etc. Spleen deficiency indicates that the body is in a […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe effects of polysaccharides from Atractylodes macrocephala and n-butanol on mitochondrial autophagy in spleen deficient rats - China Chemical Manufacturer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/tr\/atractylodes-macrocephala\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The effects of polysaccharides from Atractylodes macrocephala and n-butanol on mitochondrial autophagy in spleen deficient rats - 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