1.1 \u0130pekb\u00f6ce\u011fi pupas\u0131n\u0131n besin bile\u015fimi<\/strong> \u0130pekb\u00f6ce\u011fi pupas\u0131n\u0131n protein i\u00e7eri\u011fi, kuru k\u00fctle i\u00e7eri\u011finin 50%'den fazlas\u0131na ula\u015fan oran\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r ve ipekb\u00f6ce\u011fi pupas\u0131 protein yap\u0131s\u0131 bile\u015fimi insan proteinlerine benzer, insan v\u00fccudu taraf\u0131ndan emilmesi kolayd\u0131r ve emilim oran\u0131 90% veya daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130pekb\u00f6ce\u011fi pupa proteini 18 \u00e7e\u015fit amino asitten olu\u015fur, Liang Guiqiu ve ark. 4 farkl\u0131 ipekb\u00f6ce\u011fi pupa \u00e7e\u015fidi \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, amino asit i\u00e7eri\u011finin farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu, ancak glutamik asit, aspartik asit, glisin, valin, l\u00f6sin, alanin, lizin ve arginin ve di\u011fer i\u00e7eriklerin toplam amino asit i\u00e7eri\u011fine oran\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015flerdir, FAO \/ WHO (Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc ve D\u00fcnya G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc) do\u011frultusunda 8 \u00e7e\u015fit esansiyel amino asitin beslenme oranlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek bir oran\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r, esansiyel amino asitlerin oran\u0131, v\u00fccudun oran\u0131 insan v\u00fccuduna uygundur. WHO (Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc ve D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc) gereksinimleri. \u0130pekb\u00f6ce\u011fi pupas\u0131n\u0131n ya\u011f\u0131, kuru k\u00fctlenin 25-30%'sini olu\u015fturur; doymam\u0131\u015f ya\u011f asitleri, ipekb\u00f6ce\u011fi pupas\u0131n\u0131n toplam ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 70%'sinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n Tablo 1'de ipekb\u00f6ce\u011fi pupalar\u0131n\u0131n ve yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u0131dalar\u0131n i\u00e7eriklerinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla, ipekb\u00f6ce\u011fi pupalar\u0131n\u0131n sadece protein, ya\u011f, demir, kalsiyum, magnezyum, B2 vitamini a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda potasyum, selenyum, B1 vitamini, niasin ve di\u011fer i\u00e7eriklerin de \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. 1.2 \u0130pekb\u00f6ce\u011fi pupas\u0131n\u0131n aktif bile\u015fenleri<\/strong> \u0130pekb\u00f6ce\u011fi pupas\u0131ndaki ekstrakte edilebilir kitin 50% veya daha fazlayken, yenge\u00e7teki ekstrakte edilebilir kitin sadece 20~25%'dir ve ipekb\u00f6ce\u011fi pupas\u0131ndaki yararl\u0131 kitin yenge\u00e7tekinin iki kat\u0131d\u0131r. Jin Chao'nun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda, 70 yerli ipekb\u00f6ce\u011fi t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn 5. instar larvalar\u0131ndaki DNJ i\u00e7eri\u011finin 0,03-0,39%, toplam flavonoid i\u00e7eri\u011finin 0,38-1,40% ve toplam alkaloid i\u00e7eri\u011finin 0,87-1,55 % aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, ipekb\u00f6ce\u011fi pupas\u0131 fosfolipidler, polisakkaritler, ergosterol, adrenalin, adenin, hipoksantin, kolin ve \u00e7e\u015fitli protein hormonlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer aktif bile\u015fenleri de i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n \u0130pekb\u00f6ce\u011fi pupalar\u0131n\u0131n besleyici ve aktif maddelerinin uygulanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n ilerlemesi<\/strong><\/p>\n 2.1 G\u0131da end\u00fcstrisinde uygulama ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130pekb\u00f6ce\u011fi pupas\u0131 g\u0131da end\u00fcstrisinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kullan\u0131m de\u011ferine sahiptir.<\/p>\n \u0130lk olarak, k\u0131zartma, buharda pi\u015firme, derin ya\u011fda k\u0131zartma ve di\u011fer pi\u015firme i\u015flemleri yoluyla do\u011frudan g\u0131da olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve yeterince \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra olgunla\u015fana kadar yenebilir, bu da y\u00fcksek besin de\u011feri ve lezzetli tad\u0131 olan bir g\u0131da t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n \u0130kinci olarak, kitosan\u0131n O2, CO2, C2H4'e kar\u015f\u0131 se\u00e7ici ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fi nedeniyle g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r, g\u0131da koruma ve antiseptik olarak kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, diyet g\u0131das\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r, ipekb\u00f6ce\u011fi pupas\u0131ndaki ya\u011f asitleri \u00e7o\u011funlukla doymam\u0131\u015f ya\u011f asitleridir, bunlardan \u03b1-linolenik asit kan lipitlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme, serbest radikalleri temizleme ve antioksidan etkiye sahiptir, bu da b\u00fcy\u00fck potansiyele sahip yeni bir ya\u011f kayna\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir g\u0131da (fonksiyonel g\u0131da) olarak Mu Lixia ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, ipekb\u00f6ce\u011fi pupa proteini (SPP) enzim \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin in vitro t\u00fcm\u00f6r h\u00fccreleri MGC-803 h\u00fccrelerinin \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131 \u00fczerinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir inhibit\u00f6r etkiye sahip oldu\u011funu, alkaloidlerin anti-t\u00fcm\u00f6r, anti-kanser, glikozu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme ve di\u011fer etkinliklere sahip oldu\u011funu, DNJ'nin ins\u00fclin duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funu, ins\u00fclin direncinin rol\u00fcn\u00fc iyile\u015ftirdi\u011fini incelemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n 2.2 T\u0131pta uygulama ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/strong> Modern genetik m\u00fchendisli\u011fi ve enzimatik teknoloji ile elde edilen ipekb\u00f6ce\u011fi krizalitinin protein peptidi, diyabet, damar sertli\u011fi, hipertansiyon, siroz ve koroner kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve tedavisinde iyi bir etkiye sahiptir ve l\u00f6kopeni ile akut ve kronik, toksik hepatit ve fizyolojik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ve di\u011fer hastal\u0131klar\u0131n tedavisinde kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n Kitosan, eritrosit yap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in eritrositlerin y\u00fczeyi ile \u00e7apraz ba\u011flanarak veya kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda bir t\u00fcr yeniden polimerizasyon reaksiyonuna girerek hemostaz amac\u0131yla eritrosit agregasyonuna neden olarak hemostatik bir ajan olarak kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n DNJ, ince ba\u011f\u0131rsak glikozidaz aktivitesini inhibe etmede olduk\u00e7a etkilidir ve tip II diabetes mellitus tedavisinde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Argininin l\u00f6kopeni, kronik hepatit, kardiyovask\u00fcler ve serebrovask\u00fcler hastal\u0131klar ve yetersiz beslenme vb. \u00fczerinde belirgin iyile\u015ftirici etkileri vard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, erkek sperm proteininin \u00f6nemli bir hammaddesi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in cinsel i\u015flevi iyile\u015ftirme etkisine de sahiptir. Ayr\u0131ca, ipekb\u00f6ce\u011fi pupas\u0131 Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ve Staphylococcus aureus \u00fczerinde inhibit\u00f6r etkiye sahiptir ve ipekb\u00f6ce\u011fi pupas\u0131ndaki zengin kitin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015ftirme ve karaci\u011feri g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme i\u015flevine sahiptir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Sericulture is one of the earliest agricultural activities in China, and in ancient times, there were sayings that “Fuxi transformed the silkworm” and “Rayon started the silkworm”, and the silkworm also became one of the most important economic insects in ancient China. Silk and silkworm pupae are the main economic value of silkworms, silk as […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n
\n\u0130nsan v\u00fccudu, temel olarak protein, ya\u011f, vitaminler ve benzerlerini i\u00e7eren besin maddelerini g\u0131dalardan elde etmeye ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. \u0130pekb\u00f6ce\u011fi pupalar\u0131 besinler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok zengindir, Bai Hao ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 ipekb\u00f6ce\u011fi pupalar\u0131n\u0131n ham protein i\u00e7eri\u011finin 65.5%, ham ya\u011f i\u00e7eri\u011finin 23.8%, toplam \u015feker i\u00e7eri\u011finin 1.2% oldu\u011funu tespit etmi\u015ftir, di\u011fer baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara g\u00f6re ipekb\u00f6ce\u011fi pupalar\u0131 ayr\u0131ca Ca, P, Fe ve di\u011fer mineralleri ve vitaminleri, hormonlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer bile\u015fenleri de i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n
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\nBiyolojik olarak aktif maddeler, bitki ve hayvanlarda bulunan ve organizma ile etkile\u015fime girdikten sonra \u00e7e\u015fitli biyolojik etkilere neden olabilen, \u015fekerler, lipitler, proteinler, peptitler, steroller, alkaloidler, glikozitler, u\u00e7ucu ya\u011flar ve di\u011fer madde t\u00fcrleri dahil olmak \u00fczere biyolojik olarak aktif bile\u015fiklerdir. \u0130pekb\u00f6cekleri, etkin zenginle\u015ftirme i\u00e7in aktif bile\u015fenlere dut yapraklar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketimi yoluyla, metamorfoz s\u00fcrecinde ipekb\u00f6cekleri ve aktif bile\u015fenlerinin geli\u015fimi pupada etkili bir \u015fekilde korunur ve pupay\u0131 olduk\u00e7a aktif maddeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin hale getirir.<\/p>\n
\n\u0130pekb\u00f6ce\u011fi krizaliti, y\u00fcksek g\u0131da de\u011ferinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra t\u0131p alan\u0131nda da y\u00fcksek de\u011fere sahiptir. \u0130pekb\u00f6ce\u011fi krizalitinin t\u0131bbi etkinli\u011fi Compendium of Materia Medica ve Compendium of Medical Sciences'da kaydedilmi\u015f olup, s\u0131ras\u0131yla \"\u00e7ocuklar\u0131n noma ve zay\u0131flamas\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirdi\u011fi, kaslar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ate\u015fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve yuvarlak kurtlar\u0131 yok etti\u011fi\" ve \"dalak ve mideyi uyumlu hale getirdi\u011fi, r\u00fczgar rutubetini giderdi\u011fi ve yang qi'yi b\u00fcy\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\" belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n