G\u00fcl (Rosarugosa) G\u00fclgiller Rosaceae, g\u00fcl, gezgin \u00e7i\u00e7ek, suikast\u00e7\u0131, g\u00fcl\u00fcn kalbinden ge\u00e7en olarak da bilinir. Rosaceae \u00fc\u00e7 Jie'de)))) g\u00fcl, ay ve g\u00fcl, asl\u0131nda g\u00fcl bitkileridir. \u00c7ince'de insanlar \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin geni\u015f \u00e7ap\u0131na al\u0131\u015fk\u0131nd\u0131r, ay olarak bilinen yaln\u0131z \u00e7e\u015fitler, g\u00fcl olarak bilinen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u00fcmeler, g\u00fcl olarak bilinen lezzetten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir. Ancak \u0130ngilizce'de hepsi g\u00fcl olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Resmi olarak tescil edilmi\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131k 30.000 \u00e7e\u015fit vard\u0131r. G\u00fcller do\u011fal ortamlar\u0131nda her y\u0131l May\u0131s ay\u0131nda a\u00e7arken, ay\u00e7i\u00e7ekleri May\u0131s ay\u0131ndan Kas\u0131m ay\u0131na kadar \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7abilir. Ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi ve g\u00fcl sadece botanik olarak farkl\u0131 de\u011fildir, ayn\u0131 zamanda t\u0131bbi de\u011ferleri de farkl\u0131d\u0131r, ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011finin t\u0131bbi etkisi \u00e7ok daha zay\u0131ft\u0131r. \u00c7i\u00e7ek pazar\u0131nda sat\u0131lan g\u00fcller \u00e7o\u011funlukla ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fidir.<\/p>\n
Yayg\u0131n g\u00fcl \u00e7e\u015fitleri aras\u0131nda k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fcller, sar\u0131 g\u00fcller, mor g\u00fcller, beyaz g\u00fcller, siyah g\u00fcller, ye\u015fil g\u00fcller, turuncu g\u00fcller ve mavi g\u00fcller bulunmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcller d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olarak ekilir, ancak \u00e7o\u011funlukla kuzey yar\u0131mk\u00fcrede, \u00f6zellikle Bulgaristan, T\u00fcrkiye, Fas, Fransa, Rusya ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r, Bulgaristan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcl ya\u011f\u0131 \u00fcreticisi ve ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r, 150'den fazla g\u00fcl \u00e7e\u015fidi ile d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcl \u00e7e\u015fitleri \u00fclkesidir. D\u00fcnyada en bol bulunan g\u00fcl t\u00fcr\u00fc, parf\u00fcm ve aroma \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lan g\u00fcllerin 70%'sinin geldi\u011fi Bulgaristan'd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcllerin Kimyasal Bile\u015fimi ve Biyolojik Aktivitesi<\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00fcl, u\u00e7ucu ya\u011flar, polisakkaritler, polifenoller ve flavonoidlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra linoleik asit, alkaloidler, vitaminler, amino asitler, \u015feker, proteinler, diyet lifi ve eser elementler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengindir ve y\u00fcksek t\u0131bbi ve besin de\u011ferine sahiptir.<\/p>\n U\u00e7ucu ya\u011f<\/strong> Ana bile\u015fenleri linalool, linalool format, B-sitronellol, sitronellol, sitronellol format, sitronellol asetat, yakel alkol, yakel asit format, yakel alkol asetat, feniletil alkol, nerolidol'd\u00fcr, ve 3-metil-1-butanol, trans-B-basalen, pentadekan, 2-tridekadekanon, 1-pentanol, 1-etanol, 3-etilen ester, etil asetat, etil asetik asit-3-vinil ester, fenilmetanol, \u00f6jenol, metil \u00f6jenol vb. G\u00fcl\u00fcn u\u00e7ucu ya\u011f\u0131, qi'yi d\u00fczenleme ve a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 hafifletme, kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 aktive etme ve durgunlu\u011fu giderme konusunda iyi bir etkiye sahiptir ve ayr\u0131ca periferik ve i\u00e7 organlar\u0131n mikro sirk\u00fclasyonunu iyile\u015ftirebilir.<\/p>\n Polifenoller ve Flavonoidler<\/strong> Flavonoidlerin \u00f6nemli antioksidan ve hipoglisemik etkileri vard\u0131r. Polifenoller ayn\u0131 zamanda serbest radikalleri ve hiperpigmentasyonu etkili bir \u015fekilde ortadan kald\u0131rabilen SOD benzeri aktiviteye sahip ba\u015fl\u0131ca antioksidanlard\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc polifenollerin fenolik hidroksil gruplar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc indirgeyici \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir. Bu nedenle g\u00fcl\u00fcn g\u00fczellik i\u015flevi vard\u0131r. G\u00fcl g\u00fczelli\u011fi t\u00fcm ciltler, \u00f6zellikle hassas, kuru, k\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar, k\u0131zar\u0131kl\u0131k, ya\u015flanma ve sertle\u015fmi\u015f ciltler i\u00e7in uygundur.<\/p>\n Polisakkarit<\/strong> Linoleik asit<\/strong> C Vitamini<\/strong> G\u00fcl\u00fcn G\u0131da De\u011feri<\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00fcl, aromatik alkoller, aldehitler, ya\u011f asitleri, fenoller ve lezzet i\u00e7eren ya\u011flar gibi 300'den fazla \u00e7e\u015fit kimyasal bile\u015fen i\u00e7erir, genellikle g\u00fcl \u00fcr\u00fcnleri yemek karaci\u011feri yumu\u015fatabilir ve mideyi uyand\u0131rabilir, kan\u0131 yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilir, g\u00fczellik ve cilt bak\u0131m\u0131, ferahlat\u0131c\u0131. Kad\u0131nlar genellikle i\u00e7mek i\u00e7in su yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131rlar, bir\u00e7ok faydas\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Beslenme<\/strong> \u0130\u015flenmi\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnler<\/strong> G\u00fcller Avrupa'n\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde do\u011frudan yenebilir. Olgun meyvelerindeki g\u00fcller, \u00e7ok say\u0131da A, B, C vitamini i\u00e7erir, ayn\u0131 zamanda ondan fazla \u00e7e\u015fit amino asit, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr \u015feker, alkaloid i\u00e7erir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda C vitamini en bol olan\u0131d\u0131r, 2%'ye kadar, i\u00e7eri\u011fi elman\u0131n 700 kat\u0131ndan fazla, deniz topalak\u0131n\u0131n 20 kat\u0131ndan fazla, C vitamini kral\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u00c7in kivisinden 8 kat daha fazlad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, Avrupa'n\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde do\u011frudan t\u00fcketilebilen protein, ya\u011f, karbonhidrat ve di\u011fer karbonhidratlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Ayr\u0131ca protein, ya\u011f, karbonhidrat, kalsiyum, fosfor, potasyum, demir, magnezyum vb. i\u00e7erir; bunlar\u0131n protein i\u00e7eri\u011fi 8.5%, ya\u011f 4.7%, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr \u015feker 1.2%, karbonhidrat 68.0%'dir.<\/p>\n Ku\u015fburnu posas\u0131, \u00f6zel bir tada sahip re\u00e7el haline getirilebilir, meyve C vitamini ve P vitamini bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengindir, akut ve kronik bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131, koroner kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, karaci\u011fer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vb. \u00f6nleyebilir, baz\u0131 \u00fclkeler meyveyi hammaddelerin konsantre vitamin preparatlar\u0131n\u0131 yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r. G\u00fcl posas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda ham protein, amino asitler, ham lif, ni\u015fasta, glikoz i\u00e7erir, ayn\u0131 zamanda karoten gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli vitaminler ve \u00e7e\u015fitli makro besinler ve eser mineraller i\u00e7erir. \u00d6zel i\u015flemden sonra, et ve yumurta verimini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yem maddelerine eklenebilir.<\/p>\n G\u0131da boyas\u0131<\/strong> K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fcl asidik g\u0131dalar i\u00e7in k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 pigment olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda rengi g\u00f6ze ho\u015f gelir, tad\u0131 lezzetlidir ve g\u00fcl\u00fcn besin maddeleri yok olmaz. Ayr\u0131ca g\u00fcl posas\u0131 kullan\u0131larak soya sosu da \u00fcretilebilir. \u015eu anda g\u00fcl \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin pazar geli\u015fimi g\u00fcl i\u00e7ecekleri, g\u00fcl sirkesi, g\u00fcl \u00e7ay\u0131, g\u00fcl sosu, g\u00fcl \u015farab\u0131, g\u00fcl yo\u011furdu, taze g\u00fcl dondurmas\u0131, g\u00fcl biras\u0131, g\u00fcl sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 g\u0131da, g\u00fcl \u015fekeri ve g\u00fcl hamur i\u015fleridir.<\/p>\n G\u00fcllerin T\u0131bbi De\u011feri<\/strong><\/p>\n S\u00fcsleyici ve g\u00fczelle\u015ftirici olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra g\u00fcllerin mucizevi tedavi edici etkileri de vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kurutulmu\u015f g\u00fcller \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olarak veya biraz \u00e7ay ekleyerek, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, mide \u015fi\u015fkinli\u011fi, gizli a\u011fr\u0131 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00fczerine su i\u00e7mek iyi bir etkiye sahiptir; taze g\u00fcl \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri d\u00f6v\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f meyve suyu, ha\u015flanm\u0131\u015f kaya \u015fekeri servisi, \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck ve kan kusma akci\u011fer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tedavi edebilir; g\u00fcl, \u00e7i\u00e7ekler, \u00e7i\u00e7ekler, melek otu her biri 10 gr, kaynatma adet bozukluklar\u0131n\u0131 veya a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 tedavi etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. G\u00fcl \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri ve k\u00f6kleri, qi, kan, b\u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc ve di\u011fer etkileri ile ila\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131labilir, adet bozukluklar\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckler, karaci\u011fer gaz\u0131 mide a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs \u015fi\u015fmesi ve a\u011fr\u0131 i\u00e7in ana tedavi. G\u00fcl esansiyel ya\u011f\u0131 testosteronu aktive edebilir.<\/p>\n G\u00fcl ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rabilir, hormon seviyelerini d\u00fczenleyebilir, dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve metabolizmay\u0131 te\u015fvik edebilir, \u00fcriner sistemin i\u015flevini iyile\u015ftirebilir ve geli\u015ftirebilir, idrar s\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc b\u00f6brekler, toksinlerin at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, metabolizmay\u0131 te\u015fvik edebilir. Ayr\u0131ca g\u00fcl, kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 aktive edebilir ve te\u015fvik edebilir, kan damar\u0131 duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n esnekli\u011fini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirebilir, kalp fenomeninin t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltabilir, kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 insidans\u0131n\u0131 azaltabilir; dala\u011f\u0131n i\u015flevini iyile\u015ftirir, dala\u011fa ve kalbe fayda sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n G\u00fcl\u00fcn belirli bir antibakteriyel ve antimikrobiyal i\u015flevi vard\u0131r; ve ba\u011f\u0131rsak peristaltizmini, hafif ishali te\u015fvik edebilir, sindirim sistemini ar\u0131nd\u0131rabilir, toksin detoksifikasyonuna ve metabolizmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir, yetersizli\u011fi, kusmay\u0131 ve kab\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 iyile\u015ftirebilir; ve karaci\u011fer fonksiyonunu art\u0131rabilir ve iyile\u015ftirebilir, toksinleri giderebilir, \u00f6zellikle alkol\u00fcn karaci\u011fer \u00fczerindeki toksik etkilerini azaltabilir ve hepatik t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 alkol\u00fc iyile\u015ftirebilir.<\/p>\n G\u00fcl, gastrointestinal sistemin i\u015flevini dengeleyebilir ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirebilir, sindirim sular\u0131n\u0131n salg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyebilir, sindirimi ve emilimi te\u015fvik edebilir; haz\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve mide asidi salg\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve di\u011fer kronik hastal\u0131klar belirli bir d\u00fczenleme derecesine sahiptir ve duygusal gerginlik, depresyon vb. neden oldu\u011fu mide a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n rol\u00fcn\u00fc iyile\u015ftirir. T\u00fcm do\u011fal \u00fcr\u00fcnler gibi, g\u00fcl de polifenoller, flavonoidler ve di\u011fer kimyasal bile\u015fenleri i\u00e7eren, serbest radikallerin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, antioksidan aktivite, anti-tromboz, anti-kanser, anti-enflamatuar, anti-bakteriyel, imm\u00fcnomod\u00fclat\u00f6r etkiler, kan lipitlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme ve kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve di\u011fer fizyolojik aktiviteler ile karma\u015f\u0131k bir bile\u015fime sahiptir.<\/p>\n G\u00fcl \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin ara\u015ft\u0131rma durumu ve uygulamalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00fcl ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ekstraksiyon s\u00fcreci ve kimyasal bile\u015fimi \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rma.<\/strong> G\u00fcl biyoaktif bile\u015fenlerinin ekstraksiyonu ve antioksidan etkileri<\/strong> G\u00fcl\u00fcn g\u0131da ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck kimya end\u00fcstrisindeki uygulamalar\u0131<\/strong> \u00c7in, g\u00fcl kaynaklar\u0131 bol olan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcl ekim \u00fclkesidir. \u015eu anda, g\u00fcl ya\u011f\u0131 ve kaba i\u015fleme \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin \u00fcretimi esas olarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck partiler halinde, tek \u00fcr\u00fcn halinde, hen\u00fcz bir \u00f6l\u00e7ek olu\u015fturmam\u0131\u015f ve katma de\u011feri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da g\u00fcl suyu var, g\u00fcl kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 at\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Gelecekte, g\u00fcl\u00fcn kapsaml\u0131 geli\u015fimini ve kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmal\u0131, g\u00fcl\u00fcn besleyici \u00f6zelliklerinden ve t\u0131bbi \u00f6zelliklerinden tam olarak yararlanmal\u0131, g\u00fcl\u00fcn kapsaml\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131na ve derin i\u015fleme seviyesine odaklanmal\u0131, g\u00fcl\u00fc \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek ve yeni ay\u0131rma teknolojisinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, u\u00e7ucu ya\u011flar, flavonoidler, polisakkaritler ve di\u011fer aktif bile\u015fenler gibi insan v\u00fccuduna faydal\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da fonksiyonel bile\u015fen i\u00e7erir, y\u00fcksek katma de\u011ferli ila\u00e7lar\u0131n, g\u0131da ve kozmetiklerin geli\u015ftirilmesi, iyi ekonomik ve sosyal faydalar sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek katma de\u011ferli ila\u00e7lar\u0131n, g\u0131da ve kozmetik \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin geli\u015ftirilmesi kesinlikle iyi ekonomik ve sosyal faydalar \u00fcretecek ve g\u00fcl end\u00fcstrisinin h\u0131zl\u0131 ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Rose (Rosarugosa) Rosaceae Rosaceae, also known as rose, wandering flower, assassin, through the heart of the rose. Rosaceae in the three Jie)))) rose, moon and rose, in fact, are rose plants. In Chinese, people are accustomed to the large diameter of the flowers, solitary varieties known as the moon, small clusters of known as rose, […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n
\nG\u00fcl\u00fcn u\u00e7ucu ya\u011f\u0131, de\u011ferli bir do\u011fal baharat olan, \u00fcst d\u00fczey kozmetik, sigara ve g\u0131da \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli hammaddelerden biri olan ve taze \u00e7i\u00e7ek ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tac\u0131 olan, zarif, yumu\u015fak, narin, bal gibi tatl\u0131 kokan g\u00fcllerin e\u015fsiz kokusuna sahip olan g\u00fcl\u00fcn u\u00e7ucu ya\u011f\u0131d\u0131r ve kokuyla doludur ve s\u0131v\u0131 alt\u0131n \u00fcn\u00fcne sahiptir. Farkl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlerin ve farkl\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme d\u00f6nemlerinin u\u00e7ucu ya\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n bile\u015fimi ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nG\u00fcl polifenoller ve flavonoidler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengindir. Flavonoidlerin i\u00e7eri\u011fi 3.3%'ye (kurutulmu\u015f \u00e7i\u00e7ekler) kadar \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 rutin, kuersetin, flavonoller, dihidroflavonoidler ve gallik asitten t\u00fcretilen polifenollerdir.<\/p>\n
\nG\u00fcl b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda polisakkarit i\u00e7erir, bitki polisakkaritleri etkili imm\u00fcnomod\u00fclasyonda \u00f6nemli bir role sahiptir, otoimm\u00fcn bozukluklar\u0131, anti-bakteriyel enfeksiyonlar\u0131, anti-viral enfeksiyonlar\u0131, anti-kronik inflamasyonu, anti-enfeksiy\u00f6z \u00fclserleri, anti-t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fc, anti-radyasyonu d\u00fczenleyebilir, ayr\u0131ca ya\u015flanmay\u0131 geciktirebilir ve anti-hastal\u0131k etkilerinin sa\u011fl\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc te\u015fvik edebilir. G\u00fcl k\u00f6k\u00fc polisakkaritleri, D-galaktoz kaynakl\u0131 ya\u015flanma modeli farelerde dalak lenfositlerinin \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131n\u0131 ve IL-2 aktivitesini art\u0131rabilir, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k fonksiyonunu d\u00fczenleyebilir ve iyile\u015ftirebilir ve ya\u015flanma kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir rol oynayabilir.<\/p>\n
\nLinoleik asit, ku\u015fburnundaki doymam\u0131\u015f ya\u011f asitlerinin en y\u00fcksek oran\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Linoleik asit esansiyel bir ya\u011f asididir, kolesterol ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur ve damar sertli\u011fini azaltabilir.<\/p>\n
\nG\u00fcller y\u00fcksek VC i\u00e7eri\u011fine sahiptir. \u0130yi antioksidan aktiviteye ve serbest radikal s\u00fcp\u00fcrme yetene\u011fine sahiptir, serbest radikalleri s\u00fcp\u00fcrme amac\u0131na ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in ad\u0131m ad\u0131m elektron sa\u011flayarak monohidroaskorbik asit ve dehidroaskorbik aside d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve g\u00fcl\u00fcn antioksidan etkisinde b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynar, \u00f6zellikle VC ve polifenol ayn\u0131 anda mevcut oldu\u011funda sinerjik antioksidan etkiye sahiptir.<\/p>\n
\nG\u00fcl protein, ya\u011f, ni\u015fasta, \u00e7e\u015fitli amino asitler ve vitaminler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin oldu\u011fu kadar makro besinler, eser elementler ve di\u011fer temel besinler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da zengindir.
\nKu\u015fburnunun protein i\u00e7eri\u011fi 16.33%'ye ula\u015f\u0131r ve ku\u015fburnunda d\u00f6rt \u00e7e\u015fit doymam\u0131\u015f asit tespit edilir; bunlar aras\u0131nda linoleik asit, linolenik asit ve oleik asit temel doymam\u0131\u015f ya\u011f asitleridir ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn toplam\u0131 toplam doymam\u0131\u015f ya\u011f asitlerinin 99.75%'sini olu\u015fturur. Ayr\u0131ca, en y\u00fcksek demir i\u00e7eri\u011fine sahip \u00e7e\u015fitli temel eser elementler i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n
\n\u015eu anda, yenilebilir g\u00fcl \u00e7e\u015fitleri Bulgaristan, \u015eam 1, Fransa Douglas, Shandong Pingyin G\u00fcl\u00fc, Ac\u0131 Su G\u00fcl\u00fc ve benzerleridir. G\u00fcl, g\u00fcl \u015fekeri, g\u00fcll\u00fc kek, g\u00fcl \u00e7ay\u0131, g\u00fcl \u015farab\u0131, g\u00fcl sosu, g\u00fcl kremas\u0131 ve benzeri gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u00e7eceklere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n
\nSon y\u0131llarda, \u00e7i\u00e7ek kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra g\u00fcl ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131ndan elde edilen g\u00fcl k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 pigmenti, g\u0131da renklendirmesinde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcl pigmenti, do\u011fal g\u0131da boyas\u0131nda g\u0131da i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmeldir, iyi termal stabilite, tuz, s\u00fckroz renk pigmenti renginin olumsuz etkisi yoktur, bu nedenle g\u0131da end\u00fcstrisinde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nG\u00fcl yapraklar\u0131ndan g\u00fcl ya\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretmenin geleneksel y\u00f6ntemi dam\u0131tmad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca solvent ekstraksiyonu, karbondioksit kritik ekstraksiyonu ve molek\u00fcler dam\u0131tma teknikleri de vard\u0131r. Solvent ekstraksiyonu ile elde edilen g\u00fcl ya\u011f\u0131 verimi, dam\u0131tma ile elde edilenden daha y\u00fcksektir; solvent ekstraksiyonunda solvent kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 sorunu olacakt\u0131r. Karbondioksit kritik ekstraksiyon ve molek\u00fcler distilasyon tekniklerinin maliyeti ilk ikisinden daha y\u00fcksektir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma esas olarak farkl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlerden, farkl\u0131 k\u00f6kenlerden ve farkl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve geli\u015fme d\u00f6nemlerinden elde edilen g\u00fcl u\u00e7ucu ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n verimi ve aroma bile\u015fimi \u00fczerine odaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nG\u00fcl ya\u011f\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden esas olarak flavonoidler, gallik asit, polisakkaritler, pigmentler, proantosiyanidinler ve di\u011fer biyolojik olarak aktif maddeleri \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131k ve bunlar\u0131n serbest radikalleri temizleme, ya\u015flanma kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 etki, antioksidan aktivite ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k fonksiyonu \u00fczerindeki etkilerini inceledik.<\/p>\n
\nG\u00fcl veya g\u00fcl \u00f6zleri esas olarak g\u0131da ve kozmetik \u00fcretiminde katk\u0131 maddesi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. G\u00fcl \u00e7i\u011fi, g\u00fcl \u015farab\u0131, g\u00fcl \u015fekeri, g\u00fcl kompozit sa\u011fl\u0131k i\u00e7ecekleri, yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcl kaps\u00fcl\u00fc vb.<\/p>\n