{"id":4537,"date":"2024-08-04T14:57:33","date_gmt":"2024-08-04T14:57:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/?p=4537"},"modified":"2024-08-04T14:57:33","modified_gmt":"2024-08-04T14:57:33","slug":"vanillin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/tr\/vanilin\/","title":{"rendered":"Vanilinin \u00f6zellikleri, kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 ve \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7leri nelerdir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vaniline Genel Bak\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vanilin, insanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan sentezlenen ilk aromad\u0131r ve 1874 y\u0131l\u0131nda Almanya'dan Dr. M. Hallman ve Dr. G. Thiemann taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015far\u0131yla sentezlenmi\u015ftir. Genellikle metil vanilin ve etil vanilin olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

(1) Metil vanilin:<\/strong> Beyaz veya sar\u0131ms\u0131 kristaller, vanilya aromas\u0131 ve zengin s\u00fctl\u00fc aromas\u0131 ile baharat end\u00fcstrisindeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7e\u015fitlilik, pop\u00fcler kremsi vanilya aromas\u0131n\u0131n ana bile\u015fenidir. G\u0131da, kozmetik, t\u00fct\u00fcn end\u00fcstrisinde t\u00fcts\u00fc hammaddesi, d\u00fczeltici ajan veya sabit aroma ajan\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok geni\u015ftir; bunlardan i\u00e7ecekler, \u015fekerlemeler, hamur i\u015fleri, kurabiyeler, ekmek ve k\u0131zarm\u0131\u015f yiyecekler ve dozaj\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa sahip di\u011fer g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnleri. Vanilinin insan v\u00fccuduna zararl\u0131 oldu\u011funa dair herhangi bir rapor bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

(2) Etil vanilin:<\/strong> Beyaz ila hafif sar\u0131 i\u011fne benzeri kristaller veya kristal toz, vanilya fasulyesinin aromas\u0131na benzer, aroma metil vanilinden daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Geni\u015f spektrumlu bir baharatt\u0131r, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli sentetik baharatlar\u0131ndan biridir ve g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddeleri end\u00fcstrisinde \u00f6nemli ve vazge\u00e7ilmez bir hammaddedir. Aromas\u0131 vanilinin 3-4 kat\u0131d\u0131r ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir vanilya fasulyesi aromas\u0131na sahiptir ve kokusu uzun s\u00fcre kal\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. G\u0131da, \u00e7ikolata, dondurma, i\u00e7ecek ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck kullan\u0131m kozmetiklerinde lezzet rol\u00fcn\u00fc geli\u015ftirmek ve d\u00fczeltmek i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca etil vanilin, yem katk\u0131 maddesi, elektrokaplama end\u00fcstrisinde parlat\u0131c\u0131 madde ve ila\u00e7 end\u00fcstrisinde ara \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak da kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nemli tatland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vanilin yayg\u0131n olarak vanilya tozu, vanilin, vanilya tozu, vanilya \u00f6z\u00fc, vanilin olarak bilinir, Brassicaceae bitkisinden vanilya \u00e7ekirdeklerinin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir baharatt\u0131r, sentetik baharatlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcretimlerinden biridir, \u00e7ikolata, dondurma, sak\u0131z, hamur i\u015fleri ve t\u00fct\u00fcn aromas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli hammaddelerinin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Vanilya kabuklar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra karanfil ya\u011f\u0131, me\u015fe yosunu ya\u011f\u0131, Peru balsam\u0131, lale balsam\u0131 ve benzoin balsam\u0131nda do\u011fal olarak bulunur.<\/p>\n

Vanilinin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve e\u015fsiz bir vanilya fasulyesi aromas\u0131 vard\u0131r, aromas\u0131 sabittir, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda u\u00e7ucu de\u011fildir. I\u015f\u0131ktan etkilenmesi kolayd\u0131r, havada yava\u015f yava\u015f oksitlenir ve alkali veya alkali maddelerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda renk de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi kolayd\u0131r. Sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ferrik klor\u00fcr ile reaksiyona girerek mavi-mor bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti olu\u015fturur. Bir\u00e7ok g\u00fcnl\u00fck kimyasal aroma form\u00fcl\u00fcnde kullan\u0131labilir, ancak esas olarak yenilebilir aromalarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u015fekerleme, \u00e7ikolata, i\u00e7ecek, dondurma, alkolde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve ayr\u0131ca sigara aromalar\u0131nda \u00e7ok faydal\u0131d\u0131r.IFRA'n\u0131n herhangi bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama d\u00fczenlemesi yoktur. Bununla birlikte, renk bozulmas\u0131na neden olabilece\u011finden beyaz aromal\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde kullan\u0131l\u0131rken dikkatli olunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Vanilin ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6nemli bir yenilebilir baharatt\u0131r, temel baharat olarak, hemen hemen t\u00fcm kokularda, \u00e7ok say\u0131da g\u0131da end\u00fcstrisinde, ekmek, krema, dondurma, brendi \u015farap vb. \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan bir g\u0131da aromas\u0131 olarak, hamur i\u015flerinde, kurabiyelerde, 0.01 ~ 0.04% katk\u0131 maddesi miktar\u0131, 0.02 ~ 0.08% i\u00e7in \u015feker. Unlu mamullerde en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan baharatlardan biridir ve \u00e7ikolata, kurabiye, kek, puding ve dondurmada kullan\u0131labilir. Daha iyi sonu\u00e7 almak i\u00e7in kullanmadan \u00f6nce \u0131l\u0131k suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz. Maksimum kullan\u0131m seviyesi unlu mamuller i\u00e7in 220mg\/kg ve \u00e7ikolata i\u00e7in 970mg\/kg'd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kozmetik aromalarda fiksatif, harmonizer ve modifiye edici olarak yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u00e7ecek ve yiyecekler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir lezzet artt\u0131r\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca farmas\u00f6tik L-dopa ve metildopa \u00fcretiminde de kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Nikel, krom metal kaplama parlat\u0131c\u0131 olarak da kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Aroma ve kokuda kullan\u0131lan vanilinin referans kalite standard\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Fiziksel ve Kimyasal \u00d6zellikler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vanilin, vanilya baklalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra karanfil ya\u011f\u0131, me\u015fe yosunu ya\u011f\u0131, Peru balsam\u0131, Tulu balsam\u0131 ve benzoinde do\u011fal olarak bulunan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve e\u015fsiz bir vanilya fasulyesi aromas\u0131na sahiptir. Alkali ko\u015fullarda s\u00fclfit i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 odun hamuru k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 veya lignin s\u00fclfonat ile, y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 oksidasyon hidrolizi beyaz ila a\u00e7\u0131k sar\u0131 kristal toz veya i\u011fne benzeri kristaller ile \u00e7\u00f6keltilir.<\/p>\n

Petrol eterinden \u00e7\u00f6keltilenler ayr\u0131ca tetragonal kristal sistem kristalleri, aromatik gaz, hafif tatl\u0131, havada yava\u015f yava\u015f oksitlenmi\u015f, hafif ayr\u0131\u015fma, alkali renk de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, 152.15 ba\u011f\u0131l molek\u00fcler k\u00fctle, 1.056 ba\u011f\u0131l yo\u011funluk \u00fcretebilir. Erime noktas\u0131 kristal formuna g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir, tetragonal kristal sistemi 81-83 \u2103, i\u011fne kristalleri 77-79 \u2103, kaynama noktas\u0131 285 \u2103 (karbondioksit gaz\u0131nda), 170 \u2103 (2.00 \u00d7 10e3Pa), kaynama noktas\u0131 2.00 \u00d7 10e3Pa. 10e3Pa), 162\u2103(1.33\u00d710e3Pa), 146\u2103(0.533\u00d710e3Pa), ayr\u0131\u015fmadan s\u00fcblimle\u015fme, parlama noktas\u0131 162\u2103, so\u011fuk suda az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr, s\u0131cak suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr, etanol, eter, aseton, benzen, kloroform, karbon dis\u00fclf\u00fcr, buzlu asetik asit, piridin ve u\u00e7ucu ya\u011fda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. Sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ferrik klor\u00fcr ile reaksiyona girerek mavi-mor bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti olu\u015fturur. S\u0131\u00e7an oral LD(50) 1580mg\/kg, s\u0131\u00e7an perk\u00fctan LD(50) 1500mg\/kg.<\/p>\n

End\u00fcstriyel \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemi, \u00f6jenol\u00fcn potasyum hidroksit varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda izoeugenol olu\u015fturmas\u0131 ve daha sonra oksidasyon ve hidroliz yoluyla \u00fcretilen izoeugenol asetat olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in asetik anhidrit ile reaksiyona girmesidir. \u00c7ikolata, dondurma, sak\u0131z, pasta ve t\u00fct\u00fcn aromas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir hammaddedir. Ayr\u0131ca kozmetik kokular i\u00e7in bir uyumla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve parf\u00fcm sabitleyici olarak da kullan\u0131labilir. Ayr\u0131ca ila\u00e7 end\u00fcstrisinin hammaddesidir.<\/p>\n

Son y\u0131llarda vanilin emtias\u0131nda yeni bir moda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Karanfil ya\u011f\u0131 veya karanfil fesle\u011fen ya\u011f\u0131, elde edilen vanilinin izomerizasyonu ve oksidasyonu ile hammadde olarak \u00f6jenol \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc do\u011fal bir e\u015fde\u011fer olarak kabul edilebilir, bu nedenle do\u011fal vanilin seviyesi olarak bilinir ve baharat pazar\u0131na girer, fiyat sentetik \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 kat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015flevler ve Kullan\u0131mlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Yenilebilir tatland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131: Vanilin, vanilya fasulyesi aromas\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc s\u00fctl\u00fc aromas\u0131 ile yenilebilir bir aroma maddesidir, g\u0131da katk\u0131 end\u00fcstrisinde vazge\u00e7ilmez ve \u00f6nemli bir hammaddedir ve s\u00fctl\u00fc aromay\u0131 artt\u0131rmas\u0131 gereken \u00e7e\u015fitli tatland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 g\u0131dalarda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r, Kekler, so\u011fuk i\u00e7ecekler, \u00e7ikolata, \u015fekerlemeler, kurabiyeler, haz\u0131r eri\u015fteler, ekmekler ve t\u00fct\u00fcn, aromal\u0131 lik\u00f6rler, di\u015f macunu, sabunlar, parf\u00fcmler ve kozmetikler, dondurmalar, i\u00e7ecekler gibi g\u00fcnl\u00fck kullan\u0131m kozmetiklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra lezzeti art\u0131rmak ve aromay\u0131 sabitlemek i\u00e7in. Kozmetiklerde kokuyu artt\u0131rmak ve sabitlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. Sabun, di\u015f macunu, parf\u00fcm, kau\u00e7uk, plastik ve ila\u00e7larda da kullan\u0131labilir. FCCIV standard\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

(2) Yerli vanilin esas olarak g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddelerinde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda, t\u0131p alan\u0131ndaki uygulama geni\u015flemekte ve vanilin uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n en potansiyel alan\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u015eu anda, vanilin i\u00e7 t\u00fcketimi: g\u0131da end\u00fcstrisi 55%, farmas\u00f6tik ara \u00fcr\u00fcnler 30%, yem aroma maddesi 10%, kozmetik ve benzeri 5%'dir.<\/p>\n

Vanilinin yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerdeki uygulama alan\u0131 \u00e7ok geni\u015ftir, \u00e7ok say\u0131da farmas\u00f6tik ara \u00fcr\u00fcn, ayr\u0131ca bitki b\u00fcy\u00fcme destekleyicileri, mantar ila\u00e7lar\u0131, ya\u011flama ya\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6p\u00fck giderici, elektrokaplama parlat\u0131c\u0131 ajan, iletken ajanlar\u0131n bask\u0131l\u0131 devre kart\u0131 \u00fcretiminde vb. kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Vanilin haz\u0131rlama s\u00fcreci<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Konsantre Vanilin<\/strong>
\nKonsantre Vanilin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve uzun s\u00fcreli karanfil ve vanilya aromas\u0131na sahiptir ve aroma yo\u011funlu\u011fu vanilinin 16-25 kat\u0131d\u0131r. Konsantre vanilin 1920'li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131yla geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk sentetik yol, safrol\u00fc hammadde olarak kullanmak ve halkay\u0131 a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in s\u0131cak bas\u0131n\u00e7 reaksiyonu i\u00e7in potasyum hidroksitin alkoll\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6zeltisini kullanmak ve daha sonra hidroksil etillenmi\u015f halka yapmak i\u00e7in sodyum etil s\u00fclfat kullanmakt\u0131r ve son olarak s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit ile hidrolize edilmi\u015f etanol \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kokulu vanilin elde edilecektir. Bununla birlikte, bu y\u00f6ntemin \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin aromas\u0131n\u0131n saf olmamas\u0131 nedeniyle, pratikte nadiren kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1950'lerde, \u00f6jenolden vanilin \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in sentetik bir yol geli\u015ftirildi (ABD Patenti 2663741) ve bu da vanilinin end\u00fcstriyel \u00fcretimini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131. 1960'larda, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi'nin aroma kimyagerleri, hammadde olarak daha ucuz ve daha kolay bulunabilen kate\u015fol\u00fc kullanarak ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir sentetik yol geli\u015ftirdiler. \u0130lk olarak, alil klor\u00fcr ile katekol monoalkilasyonu, 75% verir; ard\u0131ndan yeniden d\u00fczenleme reaksiyonu, 35% ila 38% verir; ve sonra sodyum etil s\u00fclfat ile monoetilasyon, 82% verir; ve son olarak potasyum hidroksit ile izomerizasyon, 85.5 ~ 86 \u2103 yeniden kristalle\u015ftirmeden sonra ham \u00fcr\u00fcn erime noktas\u0131 olan 84% verir, kal\u0131n Fu Fu vanilin elde edilecektir.<\/p>\n

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Konsantre vanilin, \u015fekerleme, i\u00e7ecek, dondurma vb. g\u0131da aroma form\u00fclasyonlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131labilir. FEMA No. 2922, sabun gibi kozmetik ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck aroma form\u00fclasyonlar\u0131nda da kullan\u0131labilir. Sadece aroma olarak de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda sinerjist ve antioksidan olarak da kullan\u0131labilir. Eski Sovyetler Birli\u011fi'ndeki aroma uzmanlar\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc parf\u00fcml\u00fc vanilinin aromatik \u00f6zellikleri konusunda farkl\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe sahipti. \u00c7ikolata ve di\u011fer g\u0131da aromalar\u0131na eklediler ve \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn vanilin aromas\u0131na sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcler, bu nedenle g\u0131da aromalar\u0131nda vanilin yerine kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcler. Bununla birlikte, sabun kokuland\u0131rma testinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc karanfil ve vanilya aromal\u0131 sabun \u00f6rnekleri ile bulundu, ayn\u0131 zamanda vanilin ve izoeugenol ile alkali, \u0131\u015f\u0131k, oksidasyon \u00fczerindeki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc forte vanilinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r \u00e7ok kararl\u0131d\u0131r, sabun \u00f6rneklerinin depolanmas\u0131 ile renk de\u011fi\u015fmez. Vanilinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck kimyasal aroma form\u00fclasyonlar\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle fantezi tipi aromalar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaya uygun oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

(2) Vanilinin end\u00fcstriyel \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemi<\/strong>
\nVanilinin end\u00fcstriyel \u00fcretimi 100 y\u0131ldan fazla bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahiptir, insanlar bir\u00e7ok sentetik yol ve y\u00f6ntem \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ancak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00f6ntem esas olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli end\u00fcstriyel \u00fcretime uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

A. Lignin yolu. Ka\u011f\u0131t yap\u0131m end\u00fcstrisinin s\u00fclfit hamuru at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan lignin s\u00fclfonat\u0131 hammadde olarak al\u0131n, alkali y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7la hidrolize edin, ard\u0131ndan dehidre edin ve ard\u0131ndan oksitleyin. Bu y\u00f6ntem esas olarak Kanada ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'nde vanilin \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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B. Guaiacol-formaldehit yolu. Guaiacol vanilin sentezi i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli hammaddedir ve hammadde olarak guaiacol, formaldehit ve p-nitrosodimetilanilin i\u00e7eren sentetik yol nitrozil y\u00f6ntemi olarak da bilinir. Bu y\u00f6ntem \u00e7o\u011funlukla eski Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ve \u00c7in gibi \u00fclkelerde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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C.Guaiacol-glyoxalate yolu. Guaiacol ve glioksalik asit hammadde olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve vanilin yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rma, oksidasyon ve dekarboksilasyon yoluyla yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Bu y\u00f6ntem esas olarak Frans\u0131z Rhone-Poulenc \u015firketi taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekte \u00fcretilmektedir. Kullan\u0131lan glioksalik asit, dimetil maleat\u0131n ozonolizi ile \u00fcretilebilir (Alman Patenti 3224795). Bu sentetik yol, uygun hammadde kayna\u011f\u0131, daha az reaksiyon ad\u0131m\u0131, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyet ve \u00fc\u00e7 at\u0131\u011f\u0131n daha az kirlili\u011fi nedeniyle \u015fu anda en uygun y\u00f6ntem olarak kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7erik analizi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Y\u00f6ntem 1: Ultraviyole absorpsiyon spektrofotometresi ile analiz edilir (bkz. GT-29). Standart \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 Farmas\u00f6tik referans standard\u0131 vanilinden yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 mg do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde tart\u0131n, 250 ml'lik vol\u00fcmetrik bir \u015fi\u015feye koyun ve metanol ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. Bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltiden 2,0 ml al\u0131n ve 100 ml'lik bir hacimsel \u015fi\u015feye koyun ve metanol ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. Numune \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 Numuneyi yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 mg do\u011fru \u015fekilde tart\u0131n, haz\u0131rlama y\u00f6ntemi yukar\u0131daki standart \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131yla ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Yukar\u0131daki \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler, absorbans\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 308 nm'lik maksimum absorpsiyon dalga boyunda 1 cm'lik bir kuvars h\u00fccresine konmu\u015ftur. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki form\u00fcle g\u00f6re numunedeki (mg) vanilin (C8H8O3) i\u00e7eri\u011fini (X) hesaplay\u0131n: X=12.5c(Au\/As) burada c-standart \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki vanilin konsantrasyonu, \u03bcg\/ml; Au-\u00f6rnek \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin absorbans\u0131; As -Au-\u00f6rnek \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin absorbans\u0131; As-standart \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin absorbans\u0131.
\nY\u00f6ntem 2: Polar olmayan kolon y\u00f6ntemi ile gaz kromatografisi (GT-10-4) ile tayin.<\/p>\n

Toksisite ve Kullan\u0131m S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u0131\u00e7anlarda, kobaylarda a\u011f\u0131zdan LD(50): 1580,1400mg\/kg (Jenner)
\nKullan\u0131m s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 FEMA (mg\/kg): alkols\u00fcz i\u00e7ecekler 63; so\u011fuk i\u00e7ecekler 95; \u015fekerlemeler 200; unlu mamuller 220; pudingler Kimyasal kitap 120; sak\u0131zlar 270; \u00e7ikolatalar 970; laminasyon tabakalar\u0131 150; margarin 0.20; \u015feker \u015furuplar\u0131 330\uff5e20,000. FAO\/WHO'ya g\u00f6re: haz\u0131r g\u0131dalarda kullan\u0131lan konserve bebek mamas\u0131 ve tah\u0131llara maksimum 70% dozaj\u0131nda izin verilmektedir. G\u0131da katk\u0131 maddelerinin izin verilen maksimum seviyesi 70mg\/kg'd\u0131r (1992).<\/p>\n

G\u0131da Katk\u0131 Maddelerinin \u0130zin Verilen Maksimum Kullan\u0131m Seviyeleri<\/strong>
\n\u0130zin Verilen Maksimum Kal\u0131nt\u0131 Standard\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn Geli\u015fim Durumu
\nLignum Consulting taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan \"\u00c7in Vanilin Pazar\u0131 Geli\u015ftirme Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve Yat\u0131r\u0131m De\u011feri Raporu (2019 Bask\u0131s\u0131) \"na g\u00f6re, k\u00fcresel pazarda y\u0131ll\u0131k vanilin t\u00fcketimi 16.000-20.000 ton, \u00c7in'de ise y\u0131ll\u0131k vanilin t\u00fcketimi 2.000-2.500 tondur. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca yerli i\u015fletmeler Jiaxing Zhonghua Chemical, Liaoning Shixing Pharmaceutical and Chemical, Ningbo Wanglong, vb. Arz ve talep temelde dengelidir.<\/p>\n

Yerli i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in iki ana sorun vard\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak, yerli i\u015fletmeler nispeten tek \u00fcr\u00fcnlere, yukar\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 sanayi zincirinin yetersiz entegrasyonuna ve teknolojide baz\u0131 eksikliklere sahiptir. \u0130kinci olarak, Jiaxing Zhonghua ve di\u011fer i\u015fletmeler parkta yer almamaktad\u0131r ve guaiacol'\u00fcn at\u0131k su de\u015farj\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr, bu nedenle i\u015f beklentisi konusunda baz\u0131 belirsizlikler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\" \"\" \"\"<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca Kunshan Aroma Natural Flavors'\u0131n ana \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00f6jenol vanilin ve ferulik asit vanilin vb. yani hammadde olarak \u00f6jenol ve ferulik asit gibi yenilenebilir maddeler kullan\u0131larak \u00fcretilen vanilindir ve \u015eirket bu t\u00fcr \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin d\u00fcnyadaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcreticilerinden biri haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u015eirket, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden toplamda yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 ton satarak benzer \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin k\u00fcresel pazar pay\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 30%'sini olu\u015fturacak ve ana m\u00fc\u015fterileri Chihuateng, ABD'li ABT ve di\u011ferleri olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Brother Technology, Isan End\u00fcstri Park\u0131'nda iki a\u015famada ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek olan 20.000 ton fenilendiol ve 31.100 ton fenilendiol t\u00fcrevleri \u00fcretim projesi i\u00e7in 1,26 milyar RMB yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmay\u0131 planl\u0131yor. Projenin ilk a\u015famas\u0131nda 10.000 ton hidrokinon (6.000 ton katekol ve 4.000 ton hidrokinon dahil), 3.430 ton guaiacol, 2.625 ton etil guaiacol, 3.000 ton vanilin, 2.500 ton etil vanilin, 500 ton resveratrol eter, 500 ton p-fenilen di-anisol ve 2.000 ton p-hidroksianisol vb. \u00fcretilecek. Proje iki a\u015famada hayata ge\u00e7irilecektir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vanillin Overview Vanillin is the first flavor synthesized by mankind, and was successfully synthesized by Dr. M. Hallman and Dr. G. Thiemann of Germany in 1874. It is usually divided into methyl vanillin and ethyl vanillin. 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