{"id":3973,"date":"2024-08-03T14:23:56","date_gmt":"2024-08-03T14:23:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/?p=3973"},"modified":"2024-08-03T14:23:56","modified_gmt":"2024-08-03T14:23:56","slug":"the-fruit-of-chinese-wolfberry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/tr\/the-fruit-of-chinese-wolfberry\/","title":{"rendered":"Polifenollerle kombine edilmi\u015f Lycium barbarum i\u00e7in alkali hidroliz ve asit hidroliz ekstraksiyon i\u015flemlerinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00fcr\u00fcn analizi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Polifenollerle kombine edilmi\u015f Lycium barbarum i\u00e7in alkali hidroliz ve asit hidroliz ekstraksiyon i\u015flemlerinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00fcr\u00fcn analizi<br \/>\nFenolik maddeler, flavonoidler, flavonoidler, antosiyaninler, kate\u015finler vb. dahil olmak \u00fczere bitkiler aleminde yayg\u0131n olarak da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r ve bitkilerde en bol bulunan ikincil metabolitlerden biridir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc antioksidan \u00f6zellikleri ve antioksidan, anti-enflamatuar, anti-t\u00fcm\u00f6r, hipotansif, hipoglisemik ve lipid d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc etkileri gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli oksidatif stresle ili\u015fkili hastal\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesindeki \u00f6nemli etkileri nedeniyle, g\u0131da ve do\u011fal\/geleneksel \u00c7in t\u0131bb\u0131ndaki fenolik maddeler giderek daha fazla ilgi g\u00f6rmektedir. Bitkilerde fenoller, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerle ekstrakte edilebilen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilir fenolik maddeler ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerle do\u011frudan ekstrakte edilemeyen ekstrakte edilemeyen fenolik bile\u015fikler (NEPC) olmak \u00fczere hem serbest hem de ba\u011fl\u0131 formlarda bulunur. Sonuncusu, ester ba\u011flar\u0131 ve glikosidik ba\u011flar gibi kovalent ba\u011flar yoluyla \u015fekerler, hemisel\u00fcloz, pektin ve proteinler gibi makromolek\u00fcllere ba\u011flan\u0131r ve bitkilerdeki fenolik bile\u015fenlerin ana formudur. G\u0131dalardaki fenolik maddeler \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, NEPC'nin serbest fenolik maddelerden daha iyi biyolojik aktivite sergiledi\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftur. \u00d6rne\u011fin, serbest fenollerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, tah\u0131llardaki NEPC daha y\u00fcksek peroksit radikal s\u00fcp\u00fcrme kabiliyeti ve h\u00fccresel antioksidan aktivite g\u00f6sterir. Genellikle bitkilerdeki fenolik maddelerin biyolojik aktivitesinin biyoyararlan\u0131mlar\u0131yla yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkili oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130la\u00e7 metabolizmas\u0131 \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, serbest fenollerin sindirim sular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan par\u00e7alanabildi\u011fini, NEPC'nin ise b\u00fcy\u00fck molek\u00fcllerle ili\u015fkisi nedeniyle sindirilmedi\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011fa girdikten sonra, biyolojik aktivite g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131rsak mikrobiyotas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan hidrolize edilir ve hatta s\u00fcrekli sal\u0131m form\u00fclasyonlar\u0131na benzer etkiler g\u00f6sterir. Buna ek olarak, baz\u0131 NEPC'ler insan v\u00fccudunu etkileyen di\u011fer bile\u015fiklere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. Bu nedenle, g\u0131da ve do\u011fal\/geleneksel \u00c7in t\u0131bb\u0131ndaki NEPC'nin derinlemesine analizi, fenolik maddelerin biyolojik aktivitesinin kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<br \/>\nLycium barbarum L., Solanaceae familyas\u0131ndan bir bitki olan Lycium barbarum L.'nin kurutulmu\u015f ve olgunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f meyvesidir. Modern farmakolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, Lycium barbarum'un, \u00e7o\u011fu Lycium barbarum polisakkaritlerinin ve fenolik bile\u015fiklerinin sinerjik etkisi olan antioksidan aktivite ile ilgili olan \u00e7ok say\u0131da potansiyel biyolojik aktiviteye sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma grubumuz \u00f6nceki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, Lycium barbarum polisakkaritlerinin alkali hidroliz \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde gallik asit ve ferulik asidin tespit edilebildi\u011fini ve bunun da NEPC'nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini bulmu\u015ftur. \u0130lgili analiz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, Lycium barbarum'daki NEPC'nin antioksidan aktivitesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. \u015eu anda, goji meyvelerindeki fenolik bile\u015fikler \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr fenollere odaklanmaktad\u0131r. NEPC'nin ihmal edilmesi, goji meyvelerindeki fenolik bile\u015fiklerin toplam i\u00e7eri\u011fini, antioksidan kapasitesini ve insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki olumlu etkisini hafife alabilir.<br \/>\nNEPC'yi analiz etmek i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle ester ve glikozidik ba\u011flar\u0131 k\u0131rmak ve fenolik bile\u015fenleri serbest b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in uygun hidroliz y\u00f6ntemleri kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eu anda literat\u00fcrde en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan hidroliz y\u00f6ntemleri asit hidrolizi ve alkalin hidrolizidir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 30%'si NEPC ve makromolek\u00fcller aras\u0131ndaki kovalent ba\u011flar\u0131 hidrolize etmek i\u00e7in asit (genellikle hidroklorik asit veya s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit) kullanmaktad\u0131r. Alkali hidroliz ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, asit hidrolizi daha fazla fenolik bile\u015feni serbest b\u0131rakabilir, ancak asit hidrolizi i\u00e7in gerekli olan y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k, y\u00fcksek asitlik ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve uzun s\u00fcreli hidroliz genellikle fenolik bile\u015fenlerin bozulmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir. Ferulik asit gibi bitkilerdeki yayg\u0131n fenolik bile\u015fikler genellikle ester ba\u011flar\u0131 yoluyla h\u00fccre duvarlar\u0131na ba\u011flan\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, bitkilerdeki NEPC'yi analiz etmek i\u00e7in alkali hidroliz kullan\u0131r. NEPC'yi sodyum hidroksit gibi inorganik bazlarla hidrolize ederken, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar gerekli de\u011fildir, ancak fenolik bile\u015fenlerin bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in reaksiyonun genellikle azot korumas\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131k yoklu\u011funda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi gerekir.<br \/>\nGoji meyvelerindeki fenolik bile\u015fenleri kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirmek amac\u0131yla, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada goji meyvelerinden serbest fenolik bile\u015fenleri \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in asit hidrolizi ve alkali hidrolizi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fenolik bile\u015fenlerin verimi de\u011ferlendirme indeksi olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve asit-baz konsantrasyonu, hidroliz s\u00fcresi ve kat\u0131-s\u0131v\u0131 oran\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirme indeksi \u00fczerindeki etkilerini de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in tek fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc deneyler ve yan\u0131t y\u00fczeyi metodolojisi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alkali hidroliz ve asit hidroliz i\u00e7in proses ko\u015fullar\u0131 optimize edildi; ve UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, farkl\u0131 hidroliz y\u00f6ntemleriyle elde edilen numunelerdeki fenolik bile\u015fenleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131 ve farkl\u0131 fenolik bile\u015fenler i\u00e7in uygun hidroliz y\u00f6ntemlerinin se\u00e7ilmesi i\u00e7in referans sa\u011flad\u0131.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3974\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1-24.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"801\" height=\"460\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1-24.png 801w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1-24-768x441.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3975\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2-22.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"455\" height=\"302\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2-22.png 455w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2-22-325x217.png 325w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3976\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/3-21.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"811\" height=\"279\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/3-21.png 811w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/3-21-768x264.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 811px) 100vw, 811px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3977\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/4-20.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"805\" height=\"279\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/4-20.png 805w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/4-20-768x266.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 805px) 100vw, 805px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3978\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"805\" height=\"234\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/5.jpg 805w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/5-768x223.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 805px) 100vw, 805px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3979\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/6-17.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"805\" height=\"334\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/6-17.png 805w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/6-17-768x319.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 805px) 100vw, 805px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3980\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/7-16.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"801\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/7-16.png 801w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/7-16-768x245.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3981\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/8-12.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"801\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/8-12.png 801w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/8-12-768x225.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3982\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/9-9.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"801\" height=\"310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/9-9.png 801w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/9-9-768x297.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3983\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/10-6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"801\" height=\"509\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/10-6.png 801w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/10-6-768x488.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3984\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/11-5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"801\" height=\"296\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/11-5.png 801w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/11-5-768x284.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3985\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/12-5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"801\" height=\"807\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/12-5.png 801w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/12-5-768x774.png 768w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/12-5-715x720.png 715w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/12-5-200x200.png 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3986\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/13-5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"801\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/13-5.png 801w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/13-5-768x283.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3987\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/14-5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"801\" height=\"397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/14-5.png 801w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/14-5-768x381.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Fenolik bile\u015fikler, bitkilerde en bol bulunan ikincil metabolitler ve ayn\u0131 zamanda en \u00e7ok ilgilenilen biyoaktif maddelerden biridir. Bitkilerdeki fenolik bile\u015fikler hem serbest hem de ba\u011fl\u0131 formlarda bulunur ve NEPC bitkilerdeki fenolik maddelerin ana bile\u015fenidir. \u00d6nceki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu serbest fenollerin bile\u015fimine ve biyolojik aktivitesine odaklanm\u0131\u015f, NEPC'ye daha az ilgi g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, giderek artan say\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma NEPC'nin g\u0131da ve do\u011fal\/geleneksel \u00c7in t\u0131bb\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir aktif madde olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Benzer \u015fekilde, goji meyvelerindeki serbest fenolik bile\u015fenler \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u00e7ok derinlemesine olmu\u015ftur, ancak NEPC ile ilgili herhangi bir rapor bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibinin \u00f6n ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, Lycium barbarum polisakkaritlerinin fenolik maddeler elde etmek i\u00e7in zay\u0131f sodyum hidroksit (0.2mol\/L) ile hidrolize edilebilece\u011fini ve bunun da ester ba\u011flar\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 fenolik maddelerin olas\u0131 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Genel olarak NEPC'nin sel\u00fcloz, proteinler ve lignin gibi makromolek\u00fcllerle kovalent ba\u011f \u015feklinde etkile\u015fime girdi\u011fine veya iyonik ba\u011flar veya fiziksel etkile\u015fimler yoluyla bitki liflerine ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131na veya h\u00fccrelere g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne inan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Goji meyvelerindeki NEPC, polisakkaritlere veya bitki substratlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve daha fazla do\u011frulamaya ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<br \/>\nNEPC, su veya alkol \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcleri kullan\u0131larak do\u011frudan ekstrakte edilemez. Goji meyvelerindeki NEPC'yi analiz etmek i\u00e7in, NEPC haz\u0131rlamak \u00fczere alkali hidroliz veya asit hidroliz y\u00f6ntemleri kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Alkali, fenolik bile\u015fenler ile \u015fekerler, proteinler, pektin, lifler vb. maddeler aras\u0131ndaki ester ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rabilir, b\u00f6ylece fenolleri serbest b\u0131rak\u0131r ve tespit edilebilir. Sodyum hidroksit en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan alkali hidroliz bile\u015fi\u011fidir. Alkali hidroliz i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, fenolik bile\u015fenler genellikle oksijen, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve \u0131\u015f\u0131k gibi ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda bozunmaya u\u011frar. Bu nedenle, genellikle azot korumas\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131k yoklu\u011funda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda hidrolize edilirler. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada da hidroliz kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc olarak sodyum hidroksit kullan\u0131larak azot korumas\u0131 alt\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta hidroliz ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Asit hidrolizinde genellikle hidroklorik asit gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc asitler kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Hidroklorik asit sadece ester ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 hidrolize etmekle kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda glikozidik ba\u011flar\u0131 da hidrolize ederek NEPC'nin monomerlerini veya oligomerlerini etkili bir \u015fekilde serbest b\u0131rak\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, alkali hidroliz ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen goji meyvelerindeki NEPC 0.65 \u00b1 0.05mg\/100g iken, asit hidroliz \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde 0.52 \u00b1 0.03mg\/100g olarak bulunmu\u015ftur. \u0130kisi aras\u0131ndaki fark, asit hidrolizi ve alkali hidrolizinin farkl\u0131 mekanizmalar\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yor olabilir. Hem tek fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc deneyler hem de yan\u0131t y\u00fczeyi deneyleri, alkali hidroliz i\u00e7in gereken optimum s\u00fcrenin asit hidroliz ile ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte, alkali hidrolizle haz\u0131rlanan NEPC'nin verimi daha y\u00fcksekti; bunun nedeni alkali hidrolizin NEPC'nin yap\u0131sal proteinler, diyet lifi vb. ile ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 daha fazla kesintiye u\u011fratmas\u0131 olabilir. Asit i\u015flemi glikozidik ba\u011flar\u0131 k\u0131rar ve \u015fekerleri \u00e7\u00f6zer. Asidik ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda, polifenol molek\u00fcllerindeki hidroksil gruplar\u0131 kolayca protonlanarak polifenol molek\u00fcllerinin k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ve monomer veya oligomerlerin serbest kalmas\u0131na neden olur. Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda asidik hidroliz, baz\u0131 fenolik maddelerin kayb\u0131na neden olabilir; Alkali ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda, polifenol molek\u00fcllerindeki hidroksil gruplar\u0131, asit hidroliz ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha kolay deprotonlan\u0131r, bu da biraz daha y\u00fcksek alkali hidroliz verimi ve daha az kay\u0131pla sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r.<br \/>\n\u00d6nceki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, alkali hidroliz ve asit hidroliz yoluyla elde edilen NEPC'de farkl\u0131l\u0131klar bulmu\u015ftur. Kafeik asit, kate\u015finler ve gallik asit t\u00fcrevleri unun asit hidroliz \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde tespit edilebilirken, ferulik asit sadece alkali hidroliz \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde mevcuttur, bu da asit hidrolizinden elde edilen daha fazla fenolik madde t\u00fcr\u00fc olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, goji meyvelerinin NEPC hidroliz \u00fcr\u00fcnlerindeki maddelerin bile\u015fimini analiz etmek i\u00e7in UPLC-Q-TOF-MS kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Toplam iyon kromatogram\u0131 (bkz. \u015eekil 6), alkali hidroliz ve asit hidroliz \u00fcr\u00fcnleri aras\u0131ndaki bile\u015fik t\u00fcrlerinde bir fark olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak asit hidroliz \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n alkali hidroliz \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu fenomen, fenolik hidroksil gruplar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc alkali ortamlarda kolay deprotonasyonu ve yok edilmesinden kaynaklan\u0131yor olabilir, bu da onlar\u0131 k\u00fctle spektrometresi ile tespit edilemez hale getirirken, fenolik maddeler asidik ortamlarda daha kararl\u0131 ve tespit edilmesi daha kolayd\u0131r; \u00d6te yandan, alkali hidroliz sadece fenoller ve makromolek\u00fcller aras\u0131ndaki ester ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rabilirken, asitler sadece ester ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda glikozidik ba\u011flar\u0131 da hidrolize edebilir, bu nedenle tespit edilebilecek daha fazla fenolik madde t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r. \u00dcr\u00fcnler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ba\u015fl\u0131ca olanlar fenilpropanoid t\u00fcrevleridir. Tan\u0131mlanan 11 bile\u015fik aras\u0131nda 8 fenilpropanoid, 1 kumarin, 1 fenilpropanoid t\u00fcrevi ve 1 benzofenon bulunmaktad\u0131r. Alkali hidroliz \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcnde, ana madde ferulik asit olmak \u00fczere sadece d\u00f6rt bile\u015fik tan\u0131mlanabilir; Ve tan\u0131mlanan 11 bile\u015fi\u011fin t\u00fcm\u00fc asit hidroliz \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde tespit edilebilir. Bu 8 fenolik asit aras\u0131nda 2 bile\u015fi\u011fin, goji meyvelerindeki do\u011fal maddeler yerine NEPC'nin hidrolizi s\u0131ras\u0131nda kumarin lakton halkas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcnleri olabilece\u011fi dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir. Bu durum hidroliz s\u00fcrecinde kullan\u0131lan y\u00fcksek konsantrasyondaki asitlerle ilgili olabilir. Daha sonraki a\u015famada, daha eksiksiz bir molek\u00fcler yap\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in asitlerin veya bazlar\u0131n konsantrasyonu azalt\u0131labilir. Ayr\u0131ca, goji meyvelerinde bulunan NEPC esas olarak fenilpropanoid asit ve kumarin bile\u015fenlerinden olu\u015fur. Ba\u015fka bile\u015fenlerin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, hidroliz \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin daha fazla analiz edilmesini gerektirmektedir. Goji meyvelerinde NEPC'nin derinlemesine analizini yapmak i\u00e7in, k\u00fctle spektrometresi tespiti daha sonraki a\u015famada k\u0131lavuz olarak kullan\u0131lmal\u0131 ve hidroliz s\u0131ras\u0131nda asit \/ alkali konsantrasyonu, goji meyvelerine ait ger\u00e7ek do\u011fal NEPC'yi elde etmek i\u00e7in ayarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Comparison and product analysis of alkaline hydrolysis and acid hydrolysis extraction processes for Lycium barbarum combined with polyphenols Phenolic substances are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, including flavonoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, catechins, etc., and are one of the most abundant secondary metabolites in plants. 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