{"id":3843,"date":"2024-08-03T08:19:59","date_gmt":"2024-08-03T08:19:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/?p=3843"},"modified":"2024-08-03T08:19:59","modified_gmt":"2024-08-03T08:19:59","slug":"astragaloside-iv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/tr\/astragalosid-iv\/","title":{"rendered":"Astragalosid IV'\u00fcn y\u00fcksek doz S-ketamin kaynakl\u0131 PC12 h\u00fccre hasar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki koruyucu etkisi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Astragalosid IV'\u00fcn y\u00fcksek doz S-ketamin kaynakl\u0131 PC12 h\u00fccre hasar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki koruyucu etkisi
\nD\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda her y\u0131l milyonlarca bebek ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuk genel anestezi almaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ok say\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, tek ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli anestezinin sinir sisteminin geli\u015fimi \u00fczerinde olumsuz etkileri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak anestezik ila\u00e7lara y\u00fcksek dozlarda veya tekrar tekrar maruz kalman\u0131n bili\u015fsel i\u015flev bozuklu\u011funa ve n\u00f6rolojik geli\u015fim bozukluklar\u0131na neden olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Anestezik ila\u00e7lar\u0131n geli\u015fmekte olan beyin \u00fczerindeki etkisi bir\u00e7ok ebeveynin dikkatini \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

S-ketamin (SK) ketaminin S enantiyomeridir ve 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015fiddetli depresyon tedavisinde yard\u0131mc\u0131 ila\u00e7 olarak FDA taraf\u0131ndan resmen onaylanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca pediatrik ve obstetrik ameliyatlarda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan bir anesteziktir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n, neden olabilece\u011fi potansiyel risklere \u00e7ok fazla dikkat etmeden, sadece antidepresan etkilerini incelemekle ilgileniyor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesi endi\u015fe vericidir. Yak\u0131n zamanda yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada SK ile ilgili 962 advers olay analiz edilmi\u015f ve kad\u0131n hastalar\u0131n, y\u00fcksek doz SK alan hastalar\u0131n ve birden fazla ila\u00e7 tedavisi alan hastalar\u0131n advers reaksiyon ya\u015fama olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu nedenle, SK kaynakl\u0131 sinir hasar\u0131n\u0131n mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmak ve hem bebek hem de yeti\u015fkin anestezisi i\u00e7in ilgili ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kma \u00f6nlemlerini bulmak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.
\nAstragaloside IV (ASIV), geleneksel \u00c7in ilac\u0131 Astragalus membranaceus'tan izole edilen ana aktif bile\u015fenlerden biridir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar, anti-t\u00fcm\u00f6r, anti-enflamatuar, antioksidan, anti fibrotik ve anti apoptotik etkiler de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli farmakolojik etkilere sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, do\u011fal bir n\u00f6roprotektif ajan oldu\u011fu kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, ASIV'in anestezik ila\u00e7lar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu sinir hasar\u0131n\u0131 hafifletip hafifletemeyece\u011fi konusunda \u00e7ok az rapor vard\u0131r. Bu nedenle, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada SK'nin in vitro hasar modelini olu\u015fturmak, ASIV'nin n\u00f6roprotektif etkisini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak ve SK'nin rasyonel kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve ASIV i\u00e7in yeni ila\u00e7lar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in referans sa\u011flamak \u00fczere yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan n\u00f6ral h\u00fccre hatt\u0131 s\u0131\u00e7an adrenal feokromositoma h\u00fccreleri, yani PC12 h\u00fccreleri se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"
\nAnestezik ila\u00e7lar\u0131n n\u00f6rotoksisitesi her zaman uluslararas\u0131 toplumun bir endi\u015fesi olmu\u015ftur. ABD G\u0131da ve \u0130la\u00e7 \u0130daresi ve Uluslararas\u0131 Anesteziyoloji \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Derne\u011fi, klinik \u00f6ncesi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ve anesteziye ba\u011fl\u0131 perinatal n\u00f6rotoksisite i\u00e7in raporlama standartlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini tart\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere ortak bir toplant\u0131 d\u00fczenlemi\u015f ve bu alandaki baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli sorunlar\u0131 ele almak i\u00e7in yeni y\u00f6ntemlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nermi\u015ftir. Ketamine gelince, \u00e7o\u011fu anestezi\u011fin aksine, bir NMDA resept\u00f6r antagonistidir. NMDA resept\u00f6rlerinin ila\u00e7la bloke edilmesi, beyin geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in gerekli olan uyar\u0131c\u0131 inhibit\u00f6r dengeyi de\u011fi\u015ftirerek n\u00f6rotoksisiteye yol a\u00e7abilir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar, ketaminin insanlarda mitokondriyal apoptoz yolu \u00fczerinden zamana ve doza ba\u011fl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde n\u00f6rotoksisiteyi ind\u00fckleyebildi\u011fini g\u00f6sterirken, enantiyomeri S-ketaminin benzer yan etkiler \u00fcretti\u011fi bildirilmemi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle, belirli bir konsantrasyon e\u015fi\u011fine ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, SK'nin de mitokondriyal apoptoz yolunu aktive edebilece\u011fi ve h\u00fccre apoptozuna neden olabilece\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir.
\nH\u00fccresel metabolizman\u0131n merkezi ve redoks dengesinin ana d\u00fczenleyicisi olan mitokondri, hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda ve geli\u015fmesinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaktad\u0131r. Mitokondrinin arac\u0131l\u0131k etti\u011fi bir\u00e7ok fizyolojik reaksiyon aras\u0131nda oksidatif stres, mitokondriyal apoptoz yolunun aktive edilmesinde kilit fakt\u00f6rlerden biridir ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ROS, oksidatif stresin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n maddi temelidir. Klinik uygulamada yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan anesteziklerin oksidatif stres derecesini artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, inhalasyon anestezisi sevofluran, h\u00fccre i\u00e7i Ca2+ konsantrasyonunu art\u0131rarak, ROS seviyelerini y\u00fckselterek ve mitokondriyal apoptoz yolu ile ilgili proteinler Cleaved-Caspase-9, Cytochrome C ve Bax\/Bcl-2 ekspresyonunu art\u0131rarak n\u00f6ronal apoptozu ind\u00fckleyebilir. Lokal anestezik bupivakain, ROS arac\u0131l\u0131 otofajiyi aktive ederek otofaji ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131na ve h\u00fccre canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131na neden olur. Bununla birlikte, reaktif oksijen t\u00fcrleri temizleyicilerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131 bu otofajik hasar\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tersine \u00e7evirebilir. Mitokondriyal yolda, ROS i\u00e7eri\u011findeki art\u0131\u015f Bax ve Bcl-2'nin g\u00f6receli ifade seviyelerinde de\u011fi\u015fikliklere yol a\u00e7ar. Bax aktive olur ve mitokondrinin d\u0131\u015f membran\u0131nda oligomerize olur ve daha sonra mitokondriyal membran ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in spesifik molek\u00fcllere ba\u011flan\u0131r. Sitokrom C bu nedenle mitokondriden sitoplazmaya sal\u0131n\u0131r, Apaf-1 gibi fakt\u00f6rlerle ba\u011flanarak apoptotik cisimler olu\u015fturur ve Pro-Caspase-9'u b\u00f6l\u00fcnmek \u00fczere aktive eder. B\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f Kaspaz-9 ayr\u0131ca a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ak\u0131\u015fla ilgili apoptotik fakt\u00f6rleri aktive ederek h\u00fccre apoptozunu te\u015fvik eder.<\/p>\n

Astragaloside IV g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc antioksidan \u00f6zelliklere sahip do\u011fal bir aktif maddedir ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar baz\u0131 etkilerinin mitokondri ile yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkili oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ASIV mitokondriyal otofajiyi te\u015fvik edebilir, hasarl\u0131 mitokondri birikimini ve mitokondriyal reaktif oksijen t\u00fcrlerinin olu\u015fumunu azaltabilir. Liu ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 ayr\u0131ca ASIV'lerin mitokondrinin i\u00e7 zar\u0131nda bulunan ve insan beyninde y\u00fcksek oranda ifade edilen bir protein olan alfa sin\u00fckleini hedef alarak n\u00f6roprotektif etkiler g\u00f6sterebilece\u011fini bulmu\u015ftur. ASIV'nin anestezik ila\u00e7lar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu sinir hasar\u0131n\u0131 tedavi etme potansiyeline sahip oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.
\nYukar\u0131daki ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na ve analizlere dayanarak, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, ASIV ile y\u00fcksek doz SK kaynakl\u0131 sinir hasar\u0131n\u0131 tedavi etmek i\u00e7in bir ipucu olarak mitokondriyal apoptoz yolunu kullanan bir in vitro deney ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. SK ve ASIV'in nihai deneysel konsantrasyonlar\u0131 CCK-8 testi kullan\u0131larak s\u0131ras\u0131yla 450 \u03bcg\/mL ve 25 \u03bcmol\/L olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. Ek olarak, deney, y\u00fcksek dozda SK'ye maruz kalan PC12 h\u00fccrelerinin sadece apoptoz oran\u0131nda ve ROS i\u00e7eri\u011finde \u00f6nemli bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermekle kalmay\u0131p, ayn\u0131 zamanda mitokondriyal apoptoz yolundaki ana yukar\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f molek\u00fclleri Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-9 ve Cytochrome C'yi de aktive etti\u011fini buldu. Bu, y\u00fcksek doz SK'nin ROS arac\u0131l\u0131 mitokondriyal apoptoz yolunu aktive ederek PC12 h\u00fccrelerinde apoptozu ind\u00fckledi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. ASIV ile tedaviden sonra, SK taraf\u0131ndan ind\u00fcklenen bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde engellenmi\u015ftir, bu da ASIV'in bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 s\u0131ras\u0131nda PC12 h\u00fccreleri \u00fczerinde belirli bir koruyucu etkiye sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.
\n\u00d6zet olarak, Astragaloside IV, PC12 h\u00fccrelerinde y\u00fcksek doz S-ketamin kaynakl\u0131 hasar\u0131 hafifletebilir ve mekanizmas\u0131 mitokondriyal apoptoz yolunun inhibisyonu ile ili\u015fkili olabilir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Astragalosid IV'\u00fcn y\u00fcksek doz S-ketamin kaynakl\u0131 PC12 h\u00fccre hasar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki koruyucu etkisi D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda milyonlarca bebek ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuk her y\u0131l genel anestezi almaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ok say\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, tek ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli anestezinin sinir sisteminin geli\u015fimi \u00fczerinde olumsuz etkileri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak y\u00fcksek dozlarda veya anestezik ila\u00e7lara tekrar tekrar maruz kalman\u0131n [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nProtective effect of Astragaloside IV on high-dose S-ketamine induced PC12 cell injury - China Chemical Manufacturer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/tr\/astragalosid-iv\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Protective effect of Astragaloside IV on high-dose S-ketamine induced PC12 cell injury - China Chemical Manufacturer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Protective effect of Astragaloside IV on high-dose S-ketamine induced PC12 cell injury Millions of infants and young children worldwide receive general anesthesia every year. 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