{"id":3697,"date":"2024-08-03T07:25:17","date_gmt":"2024-08-03T07:25:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/?p=3697"},"modified":"2024-08-03T07:25:17","modified_gmt":"2024-08-03T07:25:17","slug":"qianghuo-seeds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/tr\/qianghuo-seeds\/","title":{"rendered":"Qianghuo tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 uyku durumlar\u0131ndaki endofitik bakteri topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n bile\u015fiminin ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n analizi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qianghuo tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 uyku durumlar\u0131ndaki endofitik bakteri topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n bile\u015fiminin ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n analizi
\nNotopterygium incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang, Umbelliferae familyas\u0131nda yer alan bir bitki t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kurutulmu\u015f rizomlar\u0131 ila\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve genellikle kara ila\u00e7 olarak bilinen geleneksel \u00c7in ve Tibet t\u0131bb\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek bir pazar talebine sahiptir. \u015eu anda, Qianghuo esas olarak yabani kaynaklardan gelmektedir ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla Sichuan, Gansu, Qinghai ve di\u011fer yerlerde 3000-4500m y\u00fckseklikteki \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131k otlak alanlarda da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kaz\u0131 ekolojik \u00e7evreye b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar vermi\u015ftir ve yabani Qiang canl\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131 t\u00fckenmeye yakla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle acilen yapay evcille\u015ftirme ve yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fe ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaktad\u0131r.
\nQianghuo tohumlar\u0131 olgunla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve karaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, embriyo geli\u015fimi tamamlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve genellikle embriyo veya ilkel embriyo fenomeni yoktur. Morfoloji ve fizyoloji a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ikili bir dormansi \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahiptir ve derin dormansi tohumlar\u0131na aittir. Qianghuo tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal ortamlardaki \u00e7imlenme oran\u0131 son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr (0.52%). Qianghuo tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n dormansisini gidermek i\u00e7in mevcut etkili y\u00f6ntem GA+de\u011fi\u015fken s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kum depolama y\u00f6ntemidir. \u0130lk olarak, morfolojik dormansilerini gidermek i\u00e7in \u0131l\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kum depolama y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve ard\u0131ndan tohumlar \u00e7imlenme kabiliyetine sahip olmadan \u00f6nce fizyolojik dormansilerini gidermek i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kum depolama i\u015flemi gerekir. Tohum i\u015fleme s\u00fcresi 8 aydan fazla s\u00fcrebilir. Qianghuo tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015flemek i\u00e7in bu y\u00f6ntem kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, en y\u00fcksek \u00e7imlenme oran\u0131 21.2%'dir. Buna ek olarak, Qianghuo \u015fifal\u0131 bitkilerinin b\u00fcy\u00fcme d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc 4 y\u0131ldan fazlad\u0131r ve uzun yat\u0131r\u0131m d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc ve yava\u015f etkinlik nedeniyle, yapay yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fin geli\u015fimi \u00e7ok yava\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eu anda, Qianghuo pazar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nma ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layamayan sadece d\u00fczensiz yeti\u015ftirme mevcuttur. Qianghuo tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n dormansisini manuel olarak serbest b\u0131rakma teknolojisi son on y\u0131lda \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an bir ilerleme kaydetmemi\u015ftir ve bu da Qianghuo'nun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli ekimini k\u0131s\u0131tlayan ana sorunlardan biridir.
\nBitkilerdeki endofitik bakteriler, ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fclerinin belirli veya t\u00fcm a\u015famalar\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bitkilerin \u00e7e\u015fitli doku ve organlar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan mantar veya bakterileri ifade eder. Uzun s\u00fcreli birliktelikte konuk\u00e7u bitki ile karma\u015f\u0131k ve \u00f6zel bir mutualistik ili\u015fki olu\u015ftururlar ve bitkide oksin ve mitojen metabolizmas\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rarak h\u00fccre b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesini, k\u00f6k geli\u015fimini ve fide b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini desteklerler. Tohumlar\u0131n dormansisi gibberellin b\u00fcy\u00fcme destekleyicileri ve absisik asit b\u00fcy\u00fcme inhibit\u00f6rleri aras\u0131ndaki denge ile kontrol edilir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, endofitik bakterilerin bitkilerde endojen hormonlar\u0131n sentezini d\u00fczenleyerek veya ind\u00fckleyerek tohum dormansisini d\u00fczenleyebildi\u011fini ve tohumlarda b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi te\u015fvik edici i\u015flevlere sahip endofitik bakteri kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in teorik bir temel sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Pu Fengya ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, Job's tears'daki endofitik bakterilerin Job's tears, pirin\u00e7 ve bu\u011fday tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7imlenme oran\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabildi\u011fini ve k\u00f6k b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini te\u015fvik ederek fide b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini destekledi\u011fini bulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Lei Ruifeng, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kum \u00e7ekirgesi tohumlar\u0131ndaki endofitik bakterilerin tohum metabolizmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek tohum \u00e7imlenmesini te\u015fvik etti\u011fini ke\u015ffetti. Xiang Yiqing ve di\u011ferleri, Huanglian tohumlar\u0131ndaki endofitik bakterilerin Huanglian tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7imlenme oran\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilece\u011fini bulmu\u015ftur. Sichuan biberi (Capsicum annuum), pirin\u00e7 (Oryza sativa L.) ve Dendrobium catenatum'un endofitik bakterileri, oksin, absisik asit, sitokinin, gibberellik asit gibi endojen hormonlar\u0131 salg\u0131layarak konuk\u00e7u bitkilerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini ve geli\u015fmesini do\u011frudan te\u015fvik eder. Achnatherum inebrians, Dendrobium nobile ve Lolium rigidum tohumlar\u0131ndan izole edilen endofitik bakterilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Polygonatum multiflorum L. k\u00f6klerinden izole edilen endofitik bakteriler, sitokinin gibi endojen hormonlar salg\u0131layarak tohum dormansisini d\u00fczenler, \u00e7imlenme ve hayatta kalma oranlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131r\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, Qianghuo tohumlar\u0131ndaki endofitik bakteriler, embriyosunun b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini te\u015fvik ederek dormansinin serbest kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir mi? Buna dayanarak, bu deney Qianghuo tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma nesnesi olarak al\u0131r ve Qianghuo tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 dormansi durumlar\u0131ndaki endofitik bakteri topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n bile\u015fimini ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 incelemek i\u00e7in Illumina MiSeq k\u00fclt\u00fcrs\u00fcz y\u00fcksek verimli dizileme teknolojisini kullan\u0131r. Bu, Qianghuo tohumunun uyku halini gidermek i\u00e7in mikroorganizmalar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin daha fazla ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in teorik bir temel sa\u011flar ve ayn\u0131 zamanda benzer uyku hali \u00f6zelliklerine sahip bitkilerin yeti\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli teorik referanslar sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Bitkilerin \u00f6nemli bir \u00fcreme organ\u0131 olan tohumlar, faydal\u0131 mikroorganizmalar\u0131n dikey yay\u0131lma yoluyla ana bitkilerden bir sonraki nesle aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir ortam g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rebilir ve b\u00f6ylece tohum \u00e7imlenmesini ve fide b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini te\u015fvik edebilir. Pirin\u00e7 ve m\u0131s\u0131r gibi otlar\u0131n tohumlar\u0131ndaki endofitik bakteriler tohum \u00e7imlenmesi, fide b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi ve geli\u015fimi ile konak bitki b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynar. Dendrobium nobile Lindl. tohumlar\u0131 olgunla\u015fmadan sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve endosperm dokusundan yoksundur, \u00e7imlenme i\u00e7in mikroorganizmalarla simbiyoz gerektirir. Bask\u0131n endofitik bakteriler \u00e7o\u011funlukla Proteobacteria ve Cyanobacteria'd\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Qianghuo tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 uyku durumunda oldu\u011funu ve endofitik bakteri topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcrlerinin filum d\u00fczeyinde benzer oldu\u011funu bulmu\u015ftur. Endofitik bakteriler temel olarak Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria ve Firmicutes'ten olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r ve bu da di\u011fer bitki tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n bask\u0131n endofitik bakteri filumlar\u0131yla tutarl\u0131d\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, Dendrobium officinale tohumlar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bask\u0131n endofitik bakteri filumu farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6stermektedir. Bitki salg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcrleri ve mikroorganizmalar\u0131n kolonize olma, hayatta kalma ve tohumlara yay\u0131lma kabiliyetleri farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir, bu da farkl\u0131 bitki tohumlar\u0131ndaki endofitik bakterilerde farkl\u0131l\u0131klara neden olur. Tohumlardaki endofitik bakteriler farkl\u0131 bitki organlar\u0131ndan veya meristematik dokulardan geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in, mikrot\u00fcb\u00fcl ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 veya gametler yoluyla tohum embriyosuna ve endosperme aktar\u0131l\u0131r ve kolonize olur ve dikey olarak yay\u0131l\u0131rlar. T\u0131bbi bitkiler Qianghuo ve Dendrobium officinale tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n her ikisi de dormansi \u00f6zellikleri nedeniyle \u00e7imlenmekte zorluk \u00e7ekmektedir. Bununla birlikte, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar her ikisinin de bask\u0131n endofitik bakteri filumunun farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini ve bunun da farkl\u0131 endofitik bakteri kaynaklar\u0131ndan kaynaklanabilece\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Qianghuo tohumlar\u0131 tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f embriyo geli\u015fimi nedeniyle dormantt\u0131r ve endofitik bakterileri esas olarak endospermden gelirken, Dendrobium officinale tohumlar\u0131 endosperm eksikli\u011fi nedeniyle dormantt\u0131r. Endofitik bakterileri esas olarak embriyodan gelir, bu nedenle ikisi aras\u0131nda filum t\u00fcrlerinde farkl\u0131l\u0131klar vard\u0131r. Qianghuo tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n da \u00e7imlenmek i\u00e7in mikroorganizmalarla bir arada bulunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir. GSC durumundaki Qianghuo tohumlar\u0131nda Bacteroidetes filumuna ait az miktarda endofitik bakteri (2.01%) ortaya \u00e7\u0131karken, Bacteroidetes filumuna ait bilinmeyen endofitik mantarlar GSB ve GSC durumlar\u0131ndaki tohumlar\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131yla 24.33% ve 7.74%'sinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu endofitik bakteriler tohum embriyosunun b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini te\u015fvik etmede ve tohum dormansisini gidermede \u00f6nemli bir rol oynayabilir ve gelecekteki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n odak noktas\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Endofitik mantarlar bir\u00e7ok bitkinin tohumlar\u0131nda y\u00fcksek bolluk ve \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe sahiptir. Qianghuo tohumlar\u0131ndaki endofitik mantarlar esas olarak Ascomycota ve Basidiomycota'dan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r; bu da Phaseolus vulgaris L. tohumlar\u0131 ve Dendrobium nobile tohumlar\u0131ndaki bask\u0131n endofitik mantarlarla tutarl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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\nCins d\u00fczeyinde, endofitik bakteri topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n bile\u015fimi GSA'dan GSB durumuna de\u011fi\u015fmektedir ve endofitik bakteri topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcrleri GSB'den GSC'ye benzerdir. Alfa \u00e7e\u015fitlilik analizi ile, GSA'daki endofitik bakteri \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finin GSB ve GSC'dekinden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu, GSB ve GSC aras\u0131nda ise endofitik bakteri \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finde \u00f6nemli bir fark olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur. Bunun ana nedeni, GSA durumunda Proteobacteria filumunun 97.08% ile mutlak bir avantaja sahip olmas\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece di\u011fer bakterilerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini engellemesi olabilir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, GSB ve GSC durumlar\u0131ndaki tohumlar uzun s\u00fcre nispeten hipoksik bir ortamda bulunmu\u015f, bu da mikroorganizmalar aras\u0131nda nispeten daha az rekabetle sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f ve mikroorganizmalar aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir engelleyici etki g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f, bu da GSA durumuna g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek bir \u00e7e\u015fitlilik indeksine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tohumlar\u0131n t\u00fcm dormansiden kurtulma s\u00fcreci boyunca endofitik mantar topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finde \u00f6nemli bir fark g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Beta \u00e7e\u015fitlilik PCoA analizi ile, endofitik bakterilerin topluluk yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n GSA'dan GSB'ye ve ard\u0131ndan GSC durumuna \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi, endofitik mantarlar\u0131n topluluk yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ise tohumlar\u0131n fizyolojik dormansisi serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lana kadar GSA'dan GSB'ye \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fi bulunmu\u015ftur. Qianghuo tohumlar\u0131 olgunla\u015f\u0131r ve karaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve ancak uzun s\u00fcreli s\u0131cak ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tabakala\u015fma i\u015fleminden sonra \u00e7imlenme kabiliyetine sahip olur. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda, tohumlardaki endofitik bakteri toplulu\u011funun yap\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fir, bu da Qianghuo tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7imlenme kabiliyetine sahip olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ana etki fakt\u00f6rlerinden biri oldu\u011funu ve etki mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n daha fazla ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.
\nEndofitik bakterilerin bitki tohumlar\u0131ndaki rol\u00fc tam olarak ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ancak \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma endofitik bakterilerin konuk\u00e7u bitkiler ve tohumlar \u00fczerinde d\u00fczenleyici etkileri oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u00c7avdardaki endofitik bakteriler sitokinin \u00fcretebilir ve bitki taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen bitki hormonlar\u0131 ile etkile\u015fime girerek tohum dormansisini d\u00fczenleyebilir. Tohumlardaki endofitik bakteriler ayr\u0131ca bitki hormonlar\u0131 \u00fcreterek veya bitki besin maddelerinin, \u00f6zellikle de azot ve fosforun emilimini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rarak bitki b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini te\u015fvik edebilir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ayr\u0131ca GSA, GSB ve GSC'nin karakteristik mikroorganizmalar\u0131 cins d\u00fczeyinde analiz edilmi\u015ftir. Toplam 15 endofitik bakteri bulunurken, endofitik mantarlarda karakteristik mikroorganizma bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu mikroorganizmalar, di\u011fer dormansi a\u015famalar\u0131na k\u0131yasla kendi dormansi a\u015famalar\u0131nda nispeten boldu ve Qiangfu tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n morfolojik ve fizyolojik dormansisinin serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynayabilir, bu da onlar\u0131 gelecekteki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir mikrobiyal pop\u00fclasyon haline getirebilir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda, GSA stat\u00fcs\u00fcndeki bask\u0131n bakteri cinsleri Erwinia ve Pseudomonas't\u0131r. Pseudomonas bir\u00e7ok meyve ve sebzenin bozulma s\u00fcrecinde yer almaktad\u0131r ve bozulma bakterilerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k 50% ila 90%'si Pseudomonas't\u0131r. Erwinia taraf\u0131ndan salg\u0131lanan pektin asit liyaz ve pektin metilgalakturonat enzimi, bitki dokular\u0131n\u0131 yumu\u015fatma \u00fczerinde sinerjik bir etkiye sahiptir ve bu da bitki h\u00fccre duvar\u0131ndaki pektini par\u00e7alayarak yumu\u015fama ve bozulmaya neden olabilir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, taze hasat edilmi\u015f Qiangfu tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n bozulmay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek ve tohum \u00e7imlenmesini etkilememek i\u00e7in derhal kumda saklanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Huang Zhiyuan ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, Phyllostachys nuda bambu filizlerindeki Erwinia cinsinin g\u00f6receli bollu\u011funun depolama s\u0131ras\u0131nda artan depolama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, taze hasat edilmi\u015f Qiangfu tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n bollu\u011funun, \u00f6nceki ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla tutarl\u0131 olarak, s\u0131cak s\u0131cakl\u0131k uygulamas\u0131ndan (15 \u2103) sonra \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu durum, tohumlar\u0131n endosperminin s\u0131cak s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve kum depolama i\u015flemine tabi tutulmas\u0131 ve endospermi ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran bask\u0131n bakteri cinslerinin embriyo geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda enerji \u00fcreterek dolayl\u0131 olarak b\u00fcy\u00fcmelerini engellemesiyle ilgili olabilir. Qianghuo tohumlar\u0131 olgunla\u015f\u0131p karaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, embriyo hen\u00fcz geli\u015fmemi\u015ftir ve morfolojik uyku halini serbest b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in 8 aya kadar \u0131l\u0131k kumda depolanmas\u0131 gerekir, bu da endospermde biyolojik olarak par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 zor \u00e7imlenme inhibit\u00f6rlerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ilgilidir. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 y\u00fczme bakteri cinsi denitrifikasyon yetene\u011fine sahiptir ve organik maddeyi ve biyolojik olarak par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 zor olan baz\u0131 azot i\u00e7eren bile\u015fikleri par\u00e7alayabilen i\u015flevsel bir bakteridir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, GSB durumunda bask\u0131n endofitik bakterilerin, \u00e7imlenme inhibit\u00f6rlerinin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131nda ve embriyo b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinin desteklenmesinde rol oynayabilecek k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 hareketli bakteri cinsi ve Catellatospora cinsi oldu\u011funu ve gelecekteki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar i\u00e7in anahtar mikrobiyal gruplar oldu\u011funu ortaya koymu\u015ftur. GSC stat\u00fcs\u00fcndeki bask\u0131n bakteri cinsleri Deinococcus, Steridobacterium, Rhizobium, Mucococcus, Mycobacterium, Hydrobacteria, Micromonospora, Actinobacteria, Bacillus, Flavobacterium ve Myceticola cinsleridir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, Dvoras cinsinin azot sabitleyici bir bakteri oldu\u011funu; Yava\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fcyen rizobilerin, bitki fotosentezinin pigment i\u00e7eri\u011fini art\u0131rabilen inorganik fosfatlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zme yetene\u011fine sahip oldu\u011funu; Mycetocola su\u015funun ilk olarak Mi Dui Buzulu'nda ke\u015ffedildi\u011fini ve so\u011fu\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir mikroorganizma oldu\u011funu ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Qianghuo tohumlar\u0131, s\u0131cak kum depolamas\u0131yla uyku halinden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra \u00e7imlenme kabiliyetine sahip de\u011fildir. \u00c7imlenebilmeleri i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kum depolama ile muamele edilmeleri gerekir. Dormansinin serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra endospermin t\u00fckenece\u011fi ve embriyo ve embriyo k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fcn daha fazla b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in gereken enerjiyi kar\u015f\u0131layamayaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. Dormansinin serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda biriken azot i\u00e7eren \u00e7imlenme inhibit\u00f6rlerinin k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 hareketli mikroorganizmalar taraf\u0131ndan par\u00e7alanmas\u0131yla \u00fcretilen azot \u00fcr\u00fcnleri embriyo taraf\u0131ndan do\u011frudan emilemez. Embriyo b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini ve embriyo k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fcn tohum kabu\u011fundan ilerlemesini te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in azot sabitleyici mikroorganizmalar taraf\u0131ndan bitki taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nabilecek azota d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmeleri gerekir. Azot sabitleyici mikroorganizmalar\u0131n normal olarak b\u00fcy\u00fcmek i\u00e7in Myceticola mikroorganizmalar\u0131yla i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, Myceticola mikroorganizmalar\u0131n\u0131n ise sadece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kl\u0131 ortamlarda normal olarak b\u00fcy\u00fcyebildi\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir. Bu nedenle, Qianghuo tohumlar\u0131 dormansinin serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra bir s\u00fcre ge\u00e7melidir. Sadece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k uygulamas\u0131ndan sonra embriyonik k\u00f6k tohum kabu\u011funu k\u0131rabilir, Tohumlar \u00e7imlenme yetene\u011fine sahip olabilir. GSC durumu embriyolar\u0131ndaki yava\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fcyen rizobinin karakteristik mikroorganizmalar\u0131n\u0131n, embriyolarda fotosentez i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanarak embriyolarda fotosentetik pigmentlerin i\u00e7eri\u011fini art\u0131rabilece\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir.
\nQianghuo tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n prototip embriyo olarak veya embriyosuz olarak olgunla\u015fmas\u0131 ve inmesi nedeniyle, yapay yeti\u015ftirme s\u0131ras\u0131nda tohum embriyolar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi \u00e7ok yava\u015ft\u0131r, bu da Qianghuo tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7imlenme s\u00fcresinin uzun ve \u00e7imlenme s\u00fcrecinin zor olmas\u0131na neden olur. Do\u011fal halde \u00e7imlenmesi 11 ay kadar s\u00fcrmektedir. Tohum embriyolar\u0131n\u0131n morfolojik ve fizyolojik uyu\u015fukluklar\u0131n\u0131 serbest b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fcmelerini te\u015fvik eden mikroorganizmalar perspektifinden mikroorganizmalar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 ve Qianghuo'nun yapay yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finin geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir destek sa\u011flanmas\u0131 acildir. Bu deney, Qiangfu tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 dormansi durumlar\u0131ndaki endofitik bakteri ve mantarlar\u0131n topluluk yap\u0131s\u0131 kompozisyonu ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fczerine, ekimsiz y\u00fcksek verimli dizileme y\u00f6ntemleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla derinlemesine bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Her bir dormansi durumunun karakteristik mikroorganizmalar\u0131 analiz edilmi\u015ftir. Bu makale, Qiangfu tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n dormansisini gidermek i\u00e7in mikrobiyal y\u00f6ntemlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yeni bir fikir sunmakta, tohum dormansisinin sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n mikrobiyal te\u015fviki ara\u015ft\u0131rma alan\u0131ndaki bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurmakta ve Qiangfu tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7imlenme oran\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek ve yapay yeti\u015ftiricilikte standart geli\u015fimlerini te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in dormansi sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik edici etkilere sahip bu potansiyel endofitik bakteri kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n daha fazla kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in temel olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Tohum dormansisini h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde gidermek i\u00e7in m\u00fchendislik su\u015flar\u0131 veya mikrobiyal preparatlar gibi mikrobiyal y\u00f6ntemlerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in teorik rehberlik sa\u011flamas\u0131 beklenmektedir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Analysis of the composition and differences of endophytic bacterial communities in different dormant states of Qianghuo seeds Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang is a plant species in the Umbelliferae family. Its dried rhizomes are used as medicine and are commonly used in traditional Chinese and Tibetan medicine, commonly known as black medicine. It […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nAnalysis of the composition and differences of endophytic bacterial communities in different dormant states of Qianghuo seeds - China Chemical Manufacturer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/tr\/qianghuo-seeds\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Analysis of the composition and differences of endophytic bacterial communities in different dormant states of Qianghuo seeds - China Chemical Manufacturer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Analysis of the composition and differences of endophytic bacterial communities in different dormant states of Qianghuo seeds Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H. 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