{"id":3276,"date":"2024-04-02T05:58:51","date_gmt":"2024-04-02T05:58:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/?p=3276"},"modified":"2024-04-02T06:00:46","modified_gmt":"2024-04-02T06:00:46","slug":"progress-in-the-study-of-functional-properties-of-astaxanthin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/tr\/astaksanti\u0307ni\u0307n-fonksi\u0307yonel-ozelli\u0307kleri\u0307ni\u0307n-arastirilmasinda-i\u0307lerleme\/","title":{"rendered":"Astaksantinin fonksiyonel \u00f6zelliklerinin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki ilerleme ve fonksiyonel g\u0131dalarda uygulanmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Astaksantinin fonksiyonel \u00f6zelliklerinin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki ilerleme ve fonksiyonel g\u0131dalarda uygulanmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Astaksantin, astaksantin olarak da bilinen astaksantin, karides ve yenge\u00e7 kabuklar\u0131, istiridye, somon ve baz\u0131 algler karotenoid oksijen t\u00fcrevleri i\u00e7erir, reaktif oksijen t\u00fcrlerini etkili bir \u015fekilde s\u00f6nd\u00fcrebilir, y\u00fcksek bir besin ve sa\u011fl\u0131k de\u011ferine sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n otuzlu y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar karides ve yenge\u00e7 kabu\u011fundan astaksantini izole ettiler, ancak yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n seksenli y\u0131llar\u0131na kadar fizyolojik i\u015flevi, hayvan ve klinik deneysel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde dikkat \u00e7ekti. \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, astaksantinin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir antioksidan, anti-kanser ve kanser inhibisyonu, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, kardiyovask\u00fcler hastal\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve di\u011fer sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri i\u015flevlerine sahip oldu\u011funu ve geni\u015f bir uygulama beklentisine sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Astaksantinin fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zellikleri<\/p>\n

Kristalin astaksantin pembedir, erime noktas\u0131 215 \u2103 ~ 216 \u2103, suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez, ya\u011fda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr, kloroform, aseton, benzen ve di\u011fer organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. Konjuge \u00e7ift ba\u011f zincirinin astaksantin molek\u00fcler yap\u0131s\u0131 ve doymam\u0131\u015f keton grubu ve hidroksilin sonu, daha aktif bir elektronik etkiye sahiptir, serbest radikalleri e\u015fle\u015fmemi\u015f elektronlar\u0131 \u00e7ekebilir veya serbest radikallere elektron sa\u011flayabilir, b\u00f6ylece serbest radikalleri temizlemek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir antioksidan etkiye sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131 ayr\u0131ca astaksantinin bozunmas\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131k, \u0131s\u0131, oksitler, yap\u0131sal de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ile etkile\u015fime girmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Astaksantin \u00fczerindeki g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir etkiye sahip oldu\u011fu ve astaksantin \u00fczerindeki ultraviyole \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkiye sahip oldu\u011fu bulunmu\u015ftur; 70 \u2103 alt\u0131nda, astaksantin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir etkisi vard\u0131r, 70 \u2103 veya daha fazla, astaksantin \u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yok edilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; pH4 ~ 11 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, astaksantin \u00fczerinde pH'\u0131n \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir etkisi vard\u0131r, pH 13 astaksantin bozulmaya ba\u015flar; Ca2 \uff0b, Mg2 \uff0b, K \uff0b, Na \uff0b, Zn2 + ve di\u011fer metal iyonlar\u0131n\u0131n astaksantin \u00fczerinde temelde hi\u00e7bir etkisi yoktur, Fe2 +, Fe3 +, Cu2 + astaksantin \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli bir y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkiye sahiptir, bunlardan Fe3 + en b\u00fcy\u00fck etkiye sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Astaksantin esas olarak serbest halde ve esterle\u015fmi\u015f formdad\u0131r. Serbest astaksantin son derece karars\u0131zd\u0131r, oksitlenmesi kolayd\u0131r, genellikle serbest form i\u00e7in kimyasal olarak sentezlenmi\u015f astaksantin. Esterle\u015fmi\u015f astaksantin, astaksantin terminal halka yap\u0131s\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r, her biri bir hidroksil grubuna sahiptir, ya\u011f asitleri ile esterler olu\u015fturmak kolayd\u0131r ve kararl\u0131d\u0131r, sucul hayvan derisi ve kabu\u011fu astaksantin, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 algler, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 maya astaksantin esas olarak esterle\u015fmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r, ya\u011f asitleri kombinasyonuna g\u00f6re esas olarak esterle\u015fmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r, astaksantin monoester ve astaksantin diester olarak ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Astaksantin esterle\u015ftirildi\u011finde, hidrofobikli\u011fi artar ve diester, monoesterden daha lipofiliktir; ayn\u0131 zamanda, esterle\u015ftirilmi\u015f durumdaki astaksantin, farkl\u0131 renkler \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in proteinlerle kompleksler olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Resim
\nAstaksantinin fonksiyonel \u00f6zellikleri<\/p>\n

Son y\u0131llarda, astaksantinin \u00f6nemli fizyolojik i\u015flevleri ve b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik de\u011ferinin yava\u015f yava\u015f bilinmesiyle, astaksantinin fonksiyonel \u00f6zellikleri \u00fczerine yerli ve yabanc\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, \u00f6zellikle antioksidan, antikanser ve kanser inhibisyonu, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, anti-hipertansiyon, kardiyovask\u00fcler hastal\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi, anti-ultraviyole radyasyon vb. alanlarda artmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2.1 Antioksidan
\nAstaksantin, son derece g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc antioksidan etkileri olan zincir k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir antioksidand\u0131r. Organizma, solunum zincirindeki elektron transferi ve v\u00fccuttaki di\u011fer maddelerin oksidasyonu gibi normal ya\u015fam aktiviteleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda az miktarda oksijensiz radikal \u00fcretebilir ve kimyasal reaktifler ve ultraviyole radyasyon taraf\u0131ndan uyar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da oksijensiz radikal \u00fcretilecektir.<\/p>\n

Bu serbest radikaller biyolojik membranlarda lipid peroksidasyonuna, amino asit oksidasyonuna, protein bozulmas\u0131na ve DNA hasar\u0131na neden olabilir, ayn\u0131 zamanda h\u00fccre membran\u0131ndaki doymam\u0131\u015f ya\u011f asitlerinin zincir reaksiyonuna girmesine neden olarak h\u00fccrelerin bile\u015fimini etkiler. Astaksantin sadece tek do\u011frusal oksijeni s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmekle kalmaz, oksijen radikallerini do\u011frudan temizler, ayn\u0131 zamanda ya\u011f asitlerinin zincir reaksiyonunu da engeller.<\/p>\n

Birden fazla karotenoidin molek\u00fcler oksijeni s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme yetene\u011finin \u015fu s\u0131rayla oldu\u011fu bulunmu\u015ftur: astaksantin > \u03b1-karoten > \u03b2-karoten > ormang\u00fcl\u00fc > zeaksantin > lutein > bilirubin > bilirubin, Lee ve ark. soya fasulyesi ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n foto-oksidasyonunda farkl\u0131 say\u0131da konjuge ba\u011fa sahip be\u015f karotenoid ve t\u00fcrevlerinin, yani lutein, zeaksantin, likopen, izozeaksantin ve astaksantinin reaktif oksijen t\u00fcrlerinin s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesindeki rol\u00fcn\u00fc bulmu\u015f ve reaktif oksijen t\u00fcrlerinin s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin soya fasulyesi ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6r oldu\u011funu tespit etmi\u015ftir. Reaktif oksijen t\u00fcrlerini s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme yetene\u011finin konjuge \u00e7ift ba\u011flar\u0131n artmas\u0131yla artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve astaksantinin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme performans\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar da karotenoidler ve t\u00fcrevleri ile \u03b1-tokoferol\u00fcn (VE) serbest radikal s\u00fcp\u00fcrme yar\u0131-etki dozu ED50'yi test etmek i\u00e7in tiyobarbit\u00fcrik asit y\u00f6ntemini uygulam\u0131\u015f (bkz. Tablo 1), serbest radikal jenerat\u00f6r\u00fc olarak demir iyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7eren hem proteinlerini ve al\u0131c\u0131 olarak linoleik asidi kullanm\u0131\u015f ve benzer \u015fekilde astaksantinin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc radikal s\u00fcp\u00fcrme yetene\u011fine sahip oldu\u011funu bulmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Son y\u0131llarda, astaksantinin antioksidan etkisinin \u03b1-tokoferolden 100 kat daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011funu ve \"s\u00fcper VE\" olarak bilindi\u011fini kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, astaksantin fosfolipidlerin ve di\u011fer lipidlerin peroksidasyonunu etkili bir \u015fekilde \u00f6nleyebilir. Ek olarak, astaksantin ayr\u0131ca antioksidan enzimlerin aktivitesini ve protein ekspresyonunu art\u0131rabilir, hayvan h\u00fccrelerinde farkl\u0131 astaksantin dozlar\u0131 peroksiredoksin ve s\u00fcperoksit dismutaz protein ekspresyonu \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve biyolojik aktivitesi de \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde iyile\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Resim<\/p>\n

2.2 Anti-kanser
\nDiyetle karotenoid al\u0131m\u0131 ile kanser insidans\u0131 veya mortalitesi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin karotenoid al\u0131m\u0131 ile \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde negatif ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu bulunmu\u015ftur [14].Nishino [15] \u00e7e\u015fitli karotenoidlerin antikarsinojenik aktivitesini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve astaksantinin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc antikarsinojenik etkiye sahip oldu\u011fu sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Savoure ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 astaksantinin t\u00fcm\u00f6rijenik etkisinin t\u00fcm\u00f6r proliferasyonunun inhibisyonunda yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, H\u00fccre Bo\u015fluk Kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u0130leti\u015fiminin, h\u00fccrelerin normal \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131 ve farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 ile dokular\u0131n stabilitesinin d\u00fczenlenmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015flevinin engellenmesi veya yok edilmesinin pro-karsinogenez a\u015famas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir mekanizma oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Astaksantinin antikanser etkisi, kanser h\u00fccrelerini izole edebilen ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmelerini kontrol etmek ve t\u00fcm\u00f6r d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in normal h\u00fccreler aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirerek kanser h\u00fccreleri aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 azaltabilen H\u00fccre Bo\u015fluk Kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u0130leti\u015fimini ind\u00fckleme yetene\u011fi ile yak\u0131ndan ilgilidir.<\/p>\n

Yurti\u00e7inde ve yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, astaksantinin \u00e7e\u015fitli kanserler \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli bir inhibit\u00f6r veya \u00f6nleyici etkiye sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir, \u00f6rne\u011fin Tanaka ve ark. hayvan deneyleri yoluyla astaksantinin a\u011f\u0131z kanseri ve mesane kanseri \u00fczerinde \u00f6nleyici bir etkiye sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6zlemlemi\u015ftir; Gradelet ve ark. astaksantinin hepatosel\u00fcler karsinomun \u00f6nlenmesinde \u00f6nemli bir etkiye sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir; ayr\u0131ca astaksantinin insan fibroblastlar\u0131n\u0131n (1BR-3), melanositlerin (HEMAc) ve ba\u011f\u0131rsak t\u00fcm\u00f6rlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nledi\u011fi de g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. (HEMAc) ve ba\u011f\u0131rsak CaCo-2 h\u00fccrelerini ultraviyole radyasyonun neden oldu\u011fu DNA hasar\u0131ndan korur, b\u00f6ylece cilt kanseri olu\u015fumunu azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2.3 Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi
\nJyonouchi ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan in vitro doku k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc sisteminde astaksantin ve karotenoidlerin fare lenfositleri \u00fczerindeki imm\u00fcnomod\u00fclat\u00f6r etkileri \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, astaksantinin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir imm\u00fcnomod\u00fclat\u00f6r etkiye sahip oldu\u011fu bulunmu\u015ftur. Astaksantinin timusa ba\u011fl\u0131 antijene (TD-Ag) yan\u0131t olarak fare splenositlerinde antikor \u00fcretimini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde te\u015fvik etti\u011fi ve T-spesifik antijenlere ba\u011fl\u0131 humoral imm\u00fcn yan\u0131tlar\u0131n sonucunu iyile\u015ftirdi\u011fi g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, hem astaksantin hem de karotenoidlerin TD-Ag stim\u00fclasyonuna yan\u0131t olarak antikor \u00fcretimini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde te\u015fvik etti\u011fi ve insan kan h\u00fccreleri \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan bir in vitro \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada IgG ve IgM salg\u0131layan h\u00fccre say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, astaksantin takviyesinin ise ya\u015fl\u0131 farelerde TD-Ag'ye yan\u0131t olarak antikor \u00fcretimini k\u0131smen geri kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ya\u015fl\u0131 hayvanlarda humoral ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n restorasyonuna katk\u0131da bulundu\u011fu bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Chew ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u03b2-karoten, astaksantin ve zebra midyesi sar\u0131s\u0131 al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n farelerde splenosit fonksiyonu \u00fczerindeki etkileri \u00fczerine yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, \u03b2-karoten ve astaksantinin v\u00fccudun ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in farelerde splenik lenfositlerin fonksiyonunu \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rma etkisine sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, astaksantin insan imm\u00fcnoglobulin \u00fcretiminin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra farelerde interl\u00f6kin-1 ve t\u00fcm\u00f6r nekroz fakt\u00f6r\u00fc salg\u0131lama yetene\u011fini de art\u0131r\u0131r ki bu \u03b2-karoten ve keratinden daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, astaksantin h\u00fccre b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesini ind\u00fckleyen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir aktiviteye sahiptir ve \u00f6nemli bir imm\u00fcnomod\u00fclat\u00f6r etkiye sahiptir.<\/p>\n

2.4 Antihipertansif
\nHussein ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 [27] spontan hipertansif s\u0131\u00e7anlarda (SHR) astaksantinin antihipertansif etkisini ara\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve sonu\u00e7lar 14 g\u00fcn boyunca s\u00fcrekli astaksantin beslenmesinin SHR'de arteriyel kan bas\u0131nc\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe neden oldu\u011funu; inmeye e\u011filimli SHR'de 5 hafta boyunca s\u00fcrekli astaksantin (50 mg-kg-1) beslenmesinin kan bas\u0131nc\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe neden oldu\u011funu ve ayr\u0131ca SHR'de inmenin ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 geciktirdi\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Astaksantinin anti-hipertansif etkisinin etki mekanizmas\u0131yla ilgili olarak, baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar astaksantinin sempatoadrenerjik resept\u00f6r yolu da dahil olmak \u00fczere kan reolojisini d\u00fczenleyebildi\u011fini, \u03b1-adrenerjik resept\u00f6r duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n normalle\u015fmesini sa\u011flayabildi\u011fini ve ayr\u0131ca Ang II ve reaktif oksijen t\u00fcrleri taraf\u0131ndan ind\u00fcklenen vazokonstriksiyonu vask\u00fcler gerilim durumunu onarmak ve anti-hipertansif etki elde etmek i\u00e7in bir ara\u00e7 olarak hafifletebildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Harry ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, Juk ya\u011f asidi s\u0131\u00e7anlar\u0131n\u0131 (ZFR) model olarak kullanarak astaksantinin hipertansiyona kar\u015f\u0131 koyma ve renin-anjiyotensin sisteminin (RAS) aktivitesini azaltma yetene\u011fine sahip oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlayan deneyler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

2.5 Kardiyovask\u00fcler hastal\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi
\nKlinik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yo\u011funluklu lipoproteinin (LDL) oksidasyonunun aterosklerozun \u00f6nemli bir nedeni oldu\u011funu ve insan v\u00fccudundaki LDL konsantrasyonu ne kadar y\u00fcksekse, kan damarlar\u0131n\u0131 incelten ve kan ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen trombosit birikimi ile birle\u015fti\u011finde, organizmada ateroskleroz riskinin o kadar y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir [30].<\/p>\n

Normalde LDL oksitlenmemi\u015f halde bulunur, oksitlenmi\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yo\u011funluklu lipoprotein (ox-LDL) h\u00fccreleri k\u00f6p\u00fck h\u00fccrelerine ve lipid \u00e7izgilerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr ve iltihapl\u0131 damar duvar\u0131nda k\u00f6p\u00fck h\u00fccrelerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oksidatif kapasitenin artmas\u0131na, periferik d\u00fcz kas h\u00fccresi \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131na ve arteriyel daralmaya yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

Epidemiyolojik ve klinik veriler, diyetle al\u0131nan antioksidanlar\u0131n kardiyovask\u00fcler hastal\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nledi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu, astaksantinin aterosklerozu \u00f6nlemede etkili olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir nedenidir. Ayr\u0131ca astaksantin, arteriyel plaklardaki makrofaj infiltrasyonunu azaltarak aterosklerotik materyal olu\u015fumunu \u00f6nler ve plaklar \u00fczerinde stabilize edici bir etkiye sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Murillo ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada astaksantinin v\u00fccutta HDL'yi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve LDL'nin etkinli\u011fini azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu nedenle astaksantin, ateroskleroz, koroner kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve iskemik beyin hasar\u0131 gibi kardiyovask\u00fcler hastal\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nleme rol\u00fcne sahiptir.<\/p>\n

2.6 Anti-ultraviyole radyasyon
\n\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar, parlak \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa, \u00f6zellikle de ultraviyole \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa maruz kalan cilt ve di\u011fer dokular\u0131n, h\u00fccre zarlar\u0131 ve dokular\u0131n monoatomik oksijen ve serbest radikaller \u00fcretmesine yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fini, b\u00f6ylece v\u00fccudun oksidatif hasara maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu hasarlar, v\u00fccut g\u0131dalardan \u03b2-karoten ile temsil edilen karotenoidler gibi yeterli antioksidanlar\u0131 t\u00fcketti\u011finde etkili bir \u015fekilde azalt\u0131labilir. Do\u011fada bulunan karotenoidler, dokular\u0131n UV oksidasyonuna kar\u015f\u0131 korunmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Astaksantin ise UV radyasyon hasar\u0131n\u0131 beta-karoten ve lutein gibi maddelerden daha etkili bir \u015fekilde \u00f6nleme \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahiptir. \u00d6te yandan astaksantin, cilt \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda putresin birikimini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in putresini t\u00fcketebilen glutamin transglutaminaz (Transglutaminaz) enzimi \u00fczerinde \u00f6zel bir etkiye sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Japonya'da astaksantin cilt korumas\u0131 i\u00e7in test edilmi\u015f ve sonu\u00e7lar astaksantinin cilt gerginli\u011fi, nem i\u00e7eri\u011fi, ton, elastikiyet ve p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fczl\u00fckte \u00f6nemli bir iyile\u015fme sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle, astaksantin potansiyel bir UV radyasyon koruma ajan\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131labilir, h\u00fccre zarlar\u0131n\u0131n ve mitokondriyal zarlar\u0131n oksidatif hasardan korunmas\u0131, cilt fotoya\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve cilt sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir rol oynar.<\/p>\n

Resim
\nFonksiyonel g\u0131dalarda uygulama<\/p>\n

Yurti\u00e7inde ve yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, astaksantinin kas h\u00fccrelerinde egzersizle \u00fcretilen serbest radikalleri etkili bir \u015fekilde ortadan kald\u0131rabildi\u011fini, oksijen gerektiren metabolizmay\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi\u011fini, \u00f6nemli yorgunluk \u00f6nleyici ve yava\u015f ya\u015flanma etkisine sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir; insan ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilir; \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6nemli ve benzersiz sa\u011fl\u0131k i\u015flevi \u00f6zelliklerine sahip, g\u00f6zlerin antioksidan koruma avantaj\u0131 ile kan-beyin bariyerini ge\u00e7ebilen tek karotenoiddir. Ayr\u0131ca, g\u0131da kalitesini ve g\u0131da alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in g\u0131da renklendirici maddeler, antioksidanlar vb. gibi yeni fonksiyonel g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddeleri kapasitesinde de kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

3.1 Ya\u015flanma kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 fonksiyonel g\u0131dalarda uygulama
\nOrganizman\u0131n ya\u015flanmas\u0131na esas olarak mitokondride zincirleme oksidasyon reaksiyonunda \u00fcretilen \u00e7ok say\u0131da serbest radikal neden olur, e\u011fer zaman\u0131nda temizlenmezse mitokondriyal oksidatif hasara yol a\u00e7arak organizma h\u00fccrelerinin ya\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r. Astaksantin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir antioksidan aktiviteye sahiptir, serbest oksijen radikallerini etkili bir \u015fekilde temizleyebilir, etkinli\u011fi VE'nin 100 kat\u0131ndan fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Astaksantin sadece g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir antioksidan kapasitesini korumakla kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda ya\u015fa ba\u011fl\u0131 fonksiyonel gerilemeyi yava\u015flat\u0131r ve ya\u015flanmaya kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7 g\u00f6stermeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Bu nedenle, astaksantinin fonksiyonel g\u0131dalara eklenmesi, organ ya\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu bir dizi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine ve insanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015eu anda, yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkeler astaksantin ya\u015flanma kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 fonksiyonel g\u0131da ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve geli\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir, \u00f6rne\u011fin Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri Cyanotech \u015firketi Derma Astin (Derma) do\u011fal astaksantin kaps\u00fcllerini piyasaya s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Buna ek olarak, astaksantin ve g\u00fczellik fakt\u00f6r\u00fc kombinasyonu ile ya\u015flanma kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 g\u00fczellik g\u0131das\u0131 \u00fcretimi ve kozmetik kullan\u0131m\u0131, ya\u015flanma kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 etkisini art\u0131r\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, uluslararas\u0131 birinci s\u0131n\u0131f kozmetik markalar\u0131n\u0131n 90%'si, Shiseido'nun \"living face G + C\" gibi astaksantin i\u00e7eren bir g\u00fczellik g\u0131das\u0131 piyasaya s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

3.2 Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k fonksiyonunu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in g\u0131dalarda uygulama
\nAstaksantin, dalak h\u00fccrelerinin antijenlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda antikor \u00fcretme yetene\u011fini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilir ve insan v\u00fccudundaki T h\u00fccreleri taraf\u0131ndan uyar\u0131lan kan h\u00fccrelerinde imm\u00fcnoglobulin \u00fcretimini art\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n

Astaksantin ayr\u0131ca antijen istilas\u0131n\u0131n ilk a\u015famas\u0131nda spesifik humoral imm\u00fcn yan\u0131t\u0131 da art\u0131r\u0131r. Astaksantin, v\u00fccutta imm\u00fcnoglobulin \u00fcretimini art\u0131ran optimal bir sitokinez ind\u00fckleyici aktiviteye sahiptir ve bu da \u00f6nemli bir imm\u00fcnomod\u00fclat\u00f6r role sahiptir Goswami ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, astaksantinin bir imm\u00fcnomod\u00fclat\u00f6r olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck fayda sa\u011flayabilece\u011fini bulmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle, v\u00fccudun ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in astaksantin uygulamas\u0131 astaksantinin geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir y\u00f6nd\u00fcr. Japonya, Fancl marka \"astaksantin 30 g\u00fcn\" ve di\u011fer ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k artt\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 beslenme \u00fcr\u00fcnleri gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli astaksantin \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini piyasaya s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Japonya Suntory \u015firketi, astaksantin ve di\u011fer fonksiyonel ekstraktlar\u0131n y\u00f6ntemle uygulanmas\u0131, daha y\u00fcksek yeni \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00e7e\u015fitli fonksiyonel rol\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcretilmesi. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in astaksantin ve di\u011fer karotenoidler grubu gibi.<\/p>\n

3.3 G\u0131da uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z koruma i\u015flevinde
\nG\u00f6rme hasar\u0131na ve hatta k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011fe neden olan ba\u015fl\u0131ca hastal\u0131klar, her ikisi de g\u00f6z i\u00e7indeki foto-oksidasyon s\u00fcreciyle ilgili olan ya\u015fa ba\u011fl\u0131 makula dejenerasyonu (AMD) ve senil kataraktt\u0131r. \u0130nsan retinas\u0131 di\u011fer dokulardan daha fazla \u00e7oklu doymam\u0131\u015f ya\u011f asidi ve y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonda oksijen i\u00e7erir ve retinaya y\u00fcksek enerjili mavi \u0131\u015f\u0131k uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, foto-oksidasyon ve oksijen radikalleri taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen mono-lineer oksijen retinada peroksidatif hasara neden olacakt\u0131r. Peroksidatif hasar.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanlarda ve di\u011fer hayvanlarda, g\u00f6z sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan diyet karotenoidleri, bu zararl\u0131 reaktif oksijen t\u00fcrlerini s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr ve retinan\u0131n oksidatif hasara direnmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar astaksantinin kan-beyin bariyerini ge\u00e7ebildi\u011fini ve retinal oksidasyonu ve fotoresept\u00f6r h\u00fccre hasar\u0131n\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde \u00f6nleyebildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir, bu da astaksantinin \"ya\u015fa ba\u011fl\u0131 mak\u00fcler dejenerasyonu\" \u00f6nlemede ve tedavi etmede ve retina fonksiyonunu iyile\u015ftirmede etkili oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle, g\u00f6rme yetisinin korunmas\u0131na uygulanan astaksantin, g\u00f6z sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 fonksiyonel g\u0131da mevcut yerli ve yabanc\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma s\u0131cak konular\u0131d\u0131r. Japonya, g\u00f6rme korumas\u0131n\u0131n etkisini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in astaksantin ve yaban mersini \u00f6z\u00fc grubu gibi; Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri, ya\u015flanan retinal mak\u00fcler dejenerasyonu iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6rme yetene\u011finin korunmas\u0131na adanm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal bir astaksantin kaps\u00fclleri ve di\u011fer \u00fcr\u00fcnler geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

3.4 Fonksiyonel g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddelerinde uygulama
\nG\u0131da end\u00fcstrisinde, astaksantin sadece ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k artt\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar, ya\u015flanma kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 ajanlar ve g\u0131daya eklenen di\u011fer fonksiyonel bile\u015fenler olarak kullan\u0131lamaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir g\u0131da renklendirici ajan, antioksidan ve benzeri olarak tazelik, renk, lezzet, kalite ve benzerlerinin korunmas\u0131nda etkili bir rol oynayabilir. G\u0131dan\u0131n orijinal besin maddelerini zarar g\u00f6rmeden korumak veya duyusal \u00f6zelliklerini iyile\u015ftirmek, g\u0131dan\u0131n t\u00fcketiciler i\u00e7in \u00e7ekicili\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Astaksantin, parlak k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkli, do\u011fal ve ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc pigment biriktirme kabiliyetine sahip, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc renklendirme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip, g\u00fcvenli ve toksik olmayan, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck dozajl\u0131, tuhaf kokusu olmayan ve iyi tad\u0131 olan ya\u011fda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen bir pigmenttir. Bir\u00e7ok sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn renklendirilmesinde ve ayr\u0131ca tablet ve kaps\u00fcllerin \u015feker kaplamas\u0131n\u0131n renklendirilmesinde kullan\u0131labilir. Ayr\u0131ca yenilebilir kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131 ya\u011flar, margarin, dondurma, \u015fekerlemeler, hamur i\u015fleri, eri\u015fte, baharatlar gibi g\u0131da maddelerinde do\u011frudan kullan\u0131labilir. \u00d6zellikle hem iyi renklendirme etkisine hem de dikkate de\u011fer koruma etkisine sahip olan daha fazla lipit i\u00e7eren g\u0131da maddeleri. \u0130\u00e7ecek renklendirmesi i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131labilir, \u00f6zellikle VC i\u00e7eren meyve suyu i\u00e7in en uygun olan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Japonya'da astaksantinin fonksiyonel bir g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi olarak kullan\u0131m\u0131 daha yayg\u0131nd\u0131r, astaksantin i\u00e7eren k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131n sebzelerde, deniz yosunlar\u0131nda ve meyve tur\u015fular\u0131nda, i\u00e7eceklerde, eri\u015ftelerde, baharat renklendirmede vb. yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bildirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Resimler
\nSonu\u00e7 ve Beklentiler<\/p>\n

Yurti\u00e7inde ve yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, astaksantinin insan v\u00fccudunda potansiyel \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k etkilerine sahip oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015f ve astaksantini giderek daha pop\u00fcler hale getirmi\u015ftir. \u015eu anda, astaksantinin ana kaynaklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kimyasal sentez ve do\u011fal ekstraksiyon bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kimyasal olarak sentezlenen astaksantin ve do\u011fal astaksantinin yap\u0131s\u0131, do\u011fas\u0131, uygulamas\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011finde baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klar vard\u0131r, stabilitesi, antioksidan\u0131, renklendirmesi ve di\u011fer \u00f6nemli \u00f6zellikleri do\u011fal astaksantinden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr, do\u011fal astaksantinin verimli bir \u015fekilde ekstraksiyonu ve haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, gelecekte astaksantinin geli\u015ftirilmesinin odak noktas\u0131d\u0131r, \u00f6zellikle maya, yosun ve di\u011fer mikroorganizmalar\u0131n end\u00fcstriyel fermantasyon astaksantin \u00fcretimi, \u00fcretim d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc k\u0131sa, umut vericidir.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle, y\u00fcksek verimli su\u015flar\u0131n taranmas\u0131, fermantasyon s\u00fcrecinin iyile\u015ftirilmesi, gen iyile\u015ftirme teknolojisinin do\u011fru zamanda tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, verimin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve maliyetin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, astaksantinin daha da geli\u015ftirilmesine ve uygulanmas\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Astaksantin fonksiyonel g\u0131da uygulamalar\u0131 alan\u0131nda, yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkeler esas olarak ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k, anti-kanser, anti-aging, retina korumas\u0131, anti-inflamatuar, kan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yo\u011funluklu lipoprotein kolesterol\u00fcne (LDL-C) oksidatif hasar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi, astaksantin i\u00e7eren bir dizi sa\u011fl\u0131k bak\u0131m besin g\u0131das\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretiminin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi, diyet takviyeleri vb.<\/p>\n

Ve \u00c7in hala ilk a\u015famadad\u0131r. Astaksantinin fonksiyonel \u00f6zelliklerinin derinlemesine incelenmesi, \u00fcretim teknolojisinin m\u00fckemmelle\u015ftirilmesi, geleneksel \"ila\u00e7 ve g\u0131da\" konseptimizin birle\u015ftirilmesi, astaksantinin fonksiyonel besleyici g\u0131dalar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesinde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 geli\u015fim \u00f6neminin uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel beklentilere sahip olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Astaksantinin fonksiyonel \u00f6zelliklerinin incelenmesindeki ilerleme ve fonksiyonel g\u0131dalarda uygulanmas\u0131 Astaksantin, astaksantin, karides ve yenge\u00e7 kabuklar\u0131, istiridye, somon ve baz\u0131 algler olarak da bilinen astaksantin (Astaksantin), karotenoid oksijen t\u00fcrevleri i\u00e7erir, reaktif oksijen t\u00fcrlerini etkili bir \u015fekilde s\u00f6nd\u00fcrebilir, y\u00fcksek bir besin ve sa\u011fl\u0131k de\u011ferine sahiptir. Otuzlu y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nProgress in the study of functional properties of astaxanthin and its application in functional foods - China Chemical Manufacturer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/tr\/astaksanti\u0307ni\u0307n-fonksi\u0307yonel-ozelli\u0307kleri\u0307ni\u0307n-arastirilmasinda-i\u0307lerleme\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Progress in the study of functional properties of astaxanthin and its application in functional foods - China Chemical Manufacturer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Progress in the study of functional properties of astaxanthin and its application in functional foods Astaxanthin (Astaxanthin), also known as astaxanthin, astaxanthin, shrimp and crab shells, oysters, salmon and some algae contain carotenoid oxygen derivatives, can effectively quench reactive oxygen species, has a high nutritional and health value. 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