Research progress on chemical composition and pharmacological effects of sourdough
Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino is a perennial herbaceous plant in the Solanaceae family, also known as the “Golden Lantern” or “Hanging Golden Lantern”. It is commonly found on roadsides, fields, and homes and is distributed in many regions of China, mainly in Hebei, Jilin, Xinjiang, and other areas. Its medicinal parts are mostly mature and dry calyx or calyx with fruit (included as Jinlongdeng in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia). It is cold and bitter in nature, and belongs to the lung meridian. It has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, clearing throat and phlegm, diuresis and promoting diuresis. It is a traditional medicinal and edible plant. It was first recorded in the “Shennong Bencao Jing” and has also been documented in various historical texts. Traditional medicine is used to treat sore throat, hoarseness of voice, phlegm and heat cough, difficulty urinating, and heat induced pain; Topical application for pemphigus vulgaris and eczema.
Domestic and foreign scholars have conducted extensive research on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of acid paste, and have published relevant results. However, there are very limited Chinese reviews on the pharmacological effects of Chinese sour wine, and most of them focus on the progress of its pharmacological effects, with relatively little summary of its chemical structure. This article provides a review of the research results on acid pulp in recent years, summarizing and plotting the chemical components reported in acid pulp, such as steroids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, nitrogen-containing compounds, terpenoid derivatives, sucrose esters, etc. At the same time, on the basis of predecessors, we summarized the latest progress in the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of sour syrup, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti diabetes, anti-aging, anti obesity and regulating the balance of intestinal flora. In addition, this article analyzes and discusses the current research status of acid pulp, in order to provide some reference for further research and development of acid pulp.

 

Nowadays, with the extensive application of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical treatment practice, the research on traditional Chinese herbal medicine has also received more attention. As a commonly used medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine treatment, the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of sourdough have been extensively studied by scholars both domestically and internationally. This article reviews the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of acid paste by reading relevant literature at home and abroad. It summarizes and maps more than 150 reported compounds, including steroids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, nitrogen-containing compounds, terpenoid derivatives, sucrose esters, and other compounds. Sour paste has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti diabetes, vaccine adjuvant and other pharmacological effects. Its pharmacological activity and mechanism of action have also been confirmed in vivo and in vitro, which provides a theoretical basis for the application of sour paste in traditional medicine to treat diseases, and also lays a foundation for its further research, new drug development and application. However, based on previous research, it has been found that there are still many components in the chemical composition analysis of acid slurry that need further exploration by domestic and foreign scholars. At the same time, its pharmacological activity and mechanism of action are not fully understood, and most of them are still in the laboratory basic research stage, lacking research reports on the evaluation of drug properties. Therefore, further separation and analysis of the active parts and components of acid paste, as well as in-depth exploration and utilization of its pharmacological effects, are of great significance.