{"id":9390,"date":"2024-08-23T13:31:56","date_gmt":"2024-08-23T13:31:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/?p=9390"},"modified":"2024-08-23T13:31:56","modified_gmt":"2024-08-23T13:31:56","slug":"the-merad-reaction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/a-meradi-reakcio\/","title":{"rendered":"Milyen t\u00e9nyez\u0151k befoly\u00e1solj\u00e1k a Merad-reakci\u00f3t?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Annak \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, hogy a melad-reakci\u00f3t jobban ki lehessen haszn\u00e1lni a kiv\u00e1l\u00f3 \u00edz\u0171, arom\u00e1j\u00fa \u00e9s \u00edz\u0171 s\u00f3s \u00edzek el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra, a szerz\u0151k [1] \u00f6sszefoglalt\u00e1k a melad-reakci\u00f3t befoly\u00e1sol\u00f3 f\u0151bb t\u00e9nyez\u0151ket.<\/p>\n<p>A melad-reakci\u00f3t k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 t\u00e9nyez\u0151k befoly\u00e1solj\u00e1k, \u00e9s ezek egy\u00fcttesen befoly\u00e1solj\u00e1k a melad-reakci\u00f3 folyamat\u00e1t \u00e9s hat\u00e1s\u00e1t. Ezen reakci\u00f3k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s\u00e1val a reakci\u00f3 a k\u00edv\u00e1nt ir\u00e1nyba haladva tov\u00e1bb jav\u00edthat\u00f3 az \u00edz \u00e9s a min\u0151s\u00e9g.<\/p>\n<p><strong>K\u00f6rnyezeti t\u00e9nyez\u0151k<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Reakci\u00f3id\u0151<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Min\u00e9l hosszabb a reakci\u00f3id\u0151, ann\u00e1l t\u00f6bb \u00edzk\u00f6z\u00e9pterm\u00e9k keletkezik, ann\u00e1l s\u0171r\u0171bb \u00e9s gazdagabb az \u00edz, de k\u00f6nny\u0171 t\u00falzott karamelliz\u00e1ci\u00f3s reakci\u00f3t \u00e9s keser\u0171 \u00edzt produk\u00e1lni, s\u0151t n\u00e9h\u00e1ny kedvez\u0151tlen anyagot \u00e9s r\u00e1kkelt\u0151 anyagot is el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edtani; t\u00fal r\u00f6vid a reakci\u00f3id\u0151, nem tud el\u00e9g \u00edzt \u00e9s sz\u00ednt k\u00e9pezni.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.Reakci\u00f3h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A sz\u00e9n \u00e9s az amm\u00f3nia reakci\u00f3ja 20-25 \u2103-n\u00e1l, 30 \u2103-n\u00e1l gyorsabban, 80 \u2103-n\u00e1l gyorsabban j\u00e1tsz\u00f3dhat le, a reakci\u00f3 sebess\u00e9g\u00e9t kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 befoly\u00e1solja a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet \u00e9s az oxig\u00e9n. Ugyanezen felt\u00e9telek mellett min\u00e9l hosszabb a f\u0171t\u00e9si id\u0151, ann\u00e1l s\u00f6t\u00e9tebb a reakci\u00f3 sz\u00edne. \u00c1tlagosan minden 10 \u2103-os emelked\u00e9s eset\u00e9n a reakci\u00f3sebess\u00e9g k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9ge 3-5-sz\u00f6r\u00f6s. Ha azonban a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet t\u00fal magas, akkor az \u00e9lelmiszerben l\u00e9v\u0151 t\u00e1panyagok k\u00e1rosodnak, \u00e9s n\u00e9h\u00e1ny mogyor\u00f3 kokszol\u00e1s \u00e9s zs\u00edrkokszol\u00e1s m\u00e9rgez\u0151 \u00e9s k\u00e1ros anyag is keletkezhet. A h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet befoly\u00e1solja a reakci\u00f3anyagok aktivit\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s a fon\u00e1si tulajdons\u00e1gokat is.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. pH<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A pH hat\u00e1sa a Melad-reakci\u00f3ra nagyobb, mint a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet \u00e9s az id\u0151 hat\u00e1sa. Ha a kiindul\u00e1si pH nagyobb, mint 3, a reakci\u00f3 sebess\u00e9ge a pH n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9vel gyorsul. pH\uff1c7,0, a reakci\u00f3 nem nyilv\u00e1nval\u00f3; pH\uff1e7,0, a reakci\u00f3 sebess\u00e9ge nyilv\u00e1nval\u00f3an gyorsul; pH\uff1e11,0, a reakci\u00f3 sz\u00ednv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa nyilv\u00e1nval\u00f3an gyeng\u00fcl. Azt is meg\u00e1llap\u00edtott\u00e1k, hogy gyeng\u00e9n l\u00fagos vagy semleges k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt jobb karamell \u00edz \u00e9s p\u00f6rk\u00f6lt aroma \u00e9rhet\u0151 el [2].<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Nedvess\u00e9g aktivit\u00e1s<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A meladikus reakci\u00f3 gyorsabb, ha a v\u00edz aktivit\u00e1sa 0,3-0,7 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt van. E tartom\u00e1ny alatt vagy felett a reakci\u00f3 viszonylag lass\u00fa. V\u00edz hi\u00e1ny\u00e1ban a reakci\u00f3 alig megy v\u00e9gbe.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. Reakci\u00f3s nyom\u00e1s<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A reakci\u00f3rendszerben a reakci\u00f3nyom\u00e1s \u00e9s a pH egy\u00fcttesen befoly\u00e1solj\u00e1k a Melad-reakci\u00f3t. Atmoszf\u00e9rikus nyom\u00e1son a reakci\u00f3 pH=6,5 mellett gyorsabb, pH=8 \u00e9s 10,1 mellett pedig 6000 MPa magas nyom\u00e1son gyorsabb a reakci\u00f3 [3].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reakt\u00e1nsok<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.Cukrok<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A cukor szerkezete \u00e9s t\u00edpusa is k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl befoly\u00e1solhatja a reakci\u00f3 sebess\u00e9g\u00e9t, \u00e1ltal\u00e1noss\u00e1gban: pent\u00f3z &gt; hexanal\u00f3z &gt; hexoket\u00f3z &gt; diszacharid [4]; ny\u00edlt ciklikus rib\u00f3z &gt; ciklikus rib\u00f3z; galakt\u00f3z &gt; frukt\u00f3z [5]; D-all\u00f3z &gt; D-gl\u00fck\u00f3z [6]. A reduk\u00e1l\u00f3 monoszacharidok k\u00f6z\u00fcl az \u00f6t sz\u00e9natomos cukrok reakci\u00f3sebess\u00e9ge: rib\u00f3z &gt; arabin\u00f3z &gt; xil\u00f3z; hat sz\u00e9natomos cukrok: galakt\u00f3z &gt; mann\u00f3z &gt; gl\u00fck\u00f3z. A reduk\u00e1l\u00f3 diszacharidok reakci\u00f3sebess\u00e9ge a molekulat\u00f6meg n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9vel lassabb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.Aminosav<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Az aminosavak befoly\u00e1solhatj\u00e1k a reakci\u00f3 sebess\u00e9g\u00e9t \u00e9s a keletkez\u0151 aromaanyagokat. Reakci\u00f3sebess\u00e9g: \u03b5-poz\u00edci\u00f3ban vagy v\u00e9g\u00e1ll\u00e1sban\uff1e\u03b1-poz\u00edci\u00f3ban l\u00e9v\u0151 aminosav, b\u00e1zikus aminosav\uff1esavas aminosav[7]; ugyanaz a cukor \u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 aminosav reakci\u00f3ja k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 \u00edzanyagot eredm\u00e9nyez.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. A reagensek koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3ja<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c1ltal\u00e1ban a reagensek koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1nak n\u00f6veked\u00e9se n\u00f6veli a reakci\u00f3 sebess\u00e9g\u00e9t, de mivel a Melad-reakci\u00f3 a karbonil-amm\u00f3nia reakci\u00f3ja, fontos \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9s van a reakci\u00f3 folyamata \u00e9s sebess\u00e9ge, valamint a reagensek k\u00f6z\u00f6tti karbonil- \u00e9s aminocsoportok ar\u00e1nya k\u00f6z\u00f6tt.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Egy\u00e9b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.Szulfit<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A szulfitok bizonyos m\u00e9rt\u00e9kig g\u00e1tolhatj\u00e1k a reakci\u00f3folyamatot, val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg az\u00e9rt, mert a szulfitok karbonilcsoportokkal vegy\u00fcleteket alkotnak, majd aminovegy\u00fcletekkel kondenz\u00e1l\u00f3dnak, vagy a szulfitok reakci\u00f3ba l\u00e9phetnek a k\u00f6ztes term\u00e9kekben l\u00e9v\u0151 karbonilcsoportokkal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.F\u00e9mionok<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A f\u00e9mionok szint\u00e9n befoly\u00e1solhatj\u00e1k a reakci\u00f3 sebess\u00e9g\u00e9t \u00e9s folyamat\u00e1t. A r\u00e9zionok \u00e9s a vasionok el\u0151seg\u00edthetik a Melad-reakci\u00f3t, de a h\u00e1rom\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 vasionok er\u0151sebb katalitikus k\u00e9pess\u00e9ggel rendelkeznek, mint a k\u00e9t\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 vasionok. A magn\u00e9zium- \u00e9s kalciumionok g\u00e1tolhatj\u00e1k a reakci\u00f3t.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Besug\u00e1rz\u00e1s<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A besug\u00e1rz\u00e1s befoly\u00e1solja a Melad-reakci\u00f3 sebess\u00e9g\u00e9t. A cukrok reakci\u00f3sebess\u00e9ge besug\u00e1rz\u00e1s \u00e9s f\u0171t\u00e9s alatt elt\u00e9r\u0151. Besug\u00e1rz\u00e1s alatt a cukrok reakci\u00f3sebess\u00e9ge: szachar\u00f3z &gt; frukt\u00f3z &gt; gl\u00fck\u00f3z; meleg\u00edt\u00e9s eset\u00e9n a reakci\u00f3sebess\u00e9g: pent\u00f3z &gt; hept\u00f3z &gt; hex\u00f3z &gt; diszacharid.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Puffer<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul foszf\u00e1t \u00e9s citr\u00e1t pufferoldat [8].<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. Lipidek<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az olyan lipidek, mint a foszfolipidek, pozit\u00edv hat\u00e1ssal vannak az aromak\u00e9pz\u0151d\u00e9sre.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In order to better utilize the melad reaction to prepare savory flavors with excellent taste, aroma and flavor, the authors [1] summarized the main factors affecting the melad reaction. There are various factors affecting the melad reaction, and they work together to influence the process and effect of the melad reaction. By controlling these reaction [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What are the factors affecting the Merad reaction? - China Chemical Manufacturer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/a-meradi-reakcio\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What are the factors affecting the Merad reaction? - China Chemical Manufacturer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In order to better utilize the melad reaction to prepare savory flavors with excellent taste, aroma and flavor, the authors [1] summarized the main factors affecting the melad reaction. 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