{"id":7577,"date":"2024-08-06T20:34:32","date_gmt":"2024-08-06T20:34:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/?p=7577"},"modified":"2024-08-06T20:34:32","modified_gmt":"2024-08-06T20:34:32","slug":"hanma-stem-and-leaf-essential-oil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/hanma-stem-and-leaf-essential-oil\/","title":{"rendered":"A Hanma sz\u00e1r \u00e9s lev\u00e9l ill\u00f3olaj teljes \u00f6sszetev\u0151inek azonos\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9s \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00f3 vizsg\u00e1lata k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 extrakci\u00f3s m\u00f3dszerek alapj\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

A Hanma sz\u00e1r \u00e9s lev\u00e9l ill\u00f3olaj teljes \u00f6sszetev\u0151inek azonos\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9s \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00f3 vizsg\u00e1lata k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 extrakci\u00f3s m\u00f3dszerek alapj\u00e1n
\nA hanma, m\u00e1s n\u00e9ven ipari kender (Cannabis sativa L.), a Cannabis nemzets\u00e9g (Cannabis L.) Cannaceae csal\u00e1dj\u00e1ba tartoz\u00f3 egy\u00e9ves l\u00e1gysz\u00e1r\u00fa n\u00f6v\u00e9ny. T\u0171zkender, felh\u0151kender stb. n\u00e9ven is ismert. A kender egy nem k\u00e1b\u00edt\u00f3 hat\u00e1s\u00fa fajt\u00e1j\u00e1ra utal, amelynek tetrahidrokannabinol (THC) tartalma kevesebb, mint 0,3% a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyben. A kannabisz hagyom\u00e1nyos gazdas\u00e1gi haszonn\u00f6v\u00e9ny \u00e9s gy\u00f3gyn\u00f6v\u00e9ny, amelynek K\u00edn\u00e1ban nagy m\u00faltja van. Magjai (kendermagok), sz\u00e1ra, vir\u00e1gai \u00e9s levelei k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 gyakorlati alkalmaz\u00e1si \u00e9rt\u00e9kekkel rendelkeznek. A leg\u00fajabb, genom-\u00fajraszekven\u00e1l\u00e1son alapul\u00f3 kutat\u00e1sok azt mutatj\u00e1k, hogy a kannabisz Kelet-\u00c1zsi\u00e1b\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmazik, majd k\u00e9t modell szerint er\u0151s mesters\u00e9ges h\u00e1zias\u00edt\u00e1son ment kereszt\u00fcl: rost t\u00edpus\u00fa kannabisz (ipari kannabisz) \u00e9s k\u00e1b\u00edt\u00f3szer t\u00edpus\u00fa kannabisz, kialak\u00edtva a mai kannabiszfajt\u00e1k k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 form\u00e1it. K\u00edn\u00e1ban t\u00f6bb mint 20 tartom\u00e1nyban \u00e9s v\u00e1rosban van m\u00faltja az ipari kender termeszt\u00e9s\u00e9nek, nagy\u00fczemi termeszt\u00e9s Heilongjiang \u00e9s Yunnan tartom\u00e1nyokban, valamint sz\u00f3rv\u00e1nyos termeszt\u00e9s Gansuban, Jilinben \u00e9s m\u00e1s ter\u00fcleteken. Alkalmaz\u00e1sa sz\u00e1mos ter\u00fcletet \u00e9rint, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szat, az \u00e9lelmiszeripar, az eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi term\u00e9kek \u00e9s a kozmetikumok. A modern farmakol\u00f3giai kutat\u00e1sok kimutatt\u00e1k, hogy a kannabisz olyan funkcion\u00e1lis tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9gekkel rendelkezik, mint a f\u00e1jdalomcsillap\u00edt\u00e1s, szemnyom\u00e1scs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s, tumorellenes, h\u00e1ny\u00e1s elleni, UV-ellenes, antibakteri\u00e1lis \u00e9s gyullad\u00e1scs\u00f6kkent\u0151 hat\u00e1s. Az elm\u00falt \u00e9vekben \u00e1tt\u00f6r\u0151 el\u0151rel\u00e9p\u00e9s t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt a kannabisz nem pszichoakt\u00edv \u00f6sszetev\u0151j\u00e9nek, a kannabidiolnak (CBD) a hat\u00e1smechanizmusa \u00e9s \u00faj gy\u00f3gyszerek kifejleszt\u00e9se ter\u00e9n. A CBD-n alapul\u00f3 k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 \u00faj kannabiszterm\u00e9kek kifejleszt\u00e9se nemzetk\u00f6zi hotspot lett, m\u00edg K\u00edn\u00e1ban a kutat\u00e1s ezen a ter\u00fcleten szinte teljesen \u00fcres. Emellett a kannabisz ill\u00f3olaj, mint a kannabiszn\u00f6v\u00e9ny ill\u00e9kony \u00f6sszetev\u0151je, szint\u00e9n er\u0151s hat\u00f3anyagokat tartalmaz. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a karyophilol a kr\u00f3nikus h\u00f6rghurut \u00e9s az \u00edz\u00fcleti gyullad\u00e1s kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re, az \u03b1 - pinen a melanoma kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re, az etil linole\u00e1t a v\u00e9rzs\u00edrok cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9s az ateroszkler\u00f3zis jav\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra, a bisabolol pedig a b\u0151rallergi\u00e1k v\u00e9delm\u00e9re \u00e9s kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3. A tengerent\u00fali kutat\u00e1sokat a napi vegyi anyagok ter\u00fclet\u00e9n alkalmazt\u00e1k, k\u00e9zkr\u00e9met, f\u00fcrd\u0151folyad\u00e9kot, arckr\u00e9met \u00e9s egy\u00e9b term\u00e9keket alkotva. A politika \u00e9rz\u00e9kenys\u00e9ge miatt a hazai term\u00e9kek fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9s felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra kev\u00e9s kutat\u00e1s folyik.
\nA n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi ill\u00f3olajok kivon\u00e1s\u00e1nak f\u0151 m\u00f3dszerei k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik a szil\u00e1rd f\u00e1zis\u00fa mikroextrakci\u00f3, az egyidej\u0171 desztill\u00e1ci\u00f3s extrakci\u00f3, a mikrohull\u00e1mmal t\u00e1mogatott extrakci\u00f3, a szuperkritikus folyad\u00e9k extrakci\u00f3 \u00e9s a szubkritikus folyad\u00e9k extrakci\u00f3. Tian \u00e9s munkat\u00e1rsai p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul mikrohull\u00e1mmal seg\u00edtett v\u00edzg\u0151zdesztill\u00e1ci\u00f3t \u00e9s szuperkritikus CO2 extrakci\u00f3t alkalmaztak a Hanma lev\u00e9l ill\u00f3olaj\u00e1nak kinyer\u00e9s\u00e9re, \u00e9s \u00f6sszesen 90 vegy\u00fcletet azonos\u00edtottak, f\u0151k\u00e9nt kis molekul\u00e1j\u00fa ill\u00e9kony anyagokat, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul sz\u00e9nhidrog\u00e9neket \u00e9s alkoholokat. Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl a mintav\u00e9telhez headspace extrakci\u00f3t alkalmaztak, amely neh\u00e9zkes volt, \u00e9s hajlamos volt a rossz reproduk\u00e1lhat\u00f3s\u00e1gra. Az azonos\u00edtott t\u00edpusok is hi\u00e1nyosak voltak, \u00e9s nem tudt\u00e1k teljes m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben t\u00fckr\u00f6zni az ill\u00f3olaj teljes \u00f6sszet\u00e9tel\u00e9t. Ez\u00e9rt ez a tanulm\u00e1ny h\u00e1rom m\u00f3dszert alkalmazott, nevezetesen v\u00edzdesztill\u00e1ci\u00f3s extrakci\u00f3t (a tov\u00e1bbiakban: v\u00edzdesztill\u00e1ci\u00f3), szubkritikus \u00e9s szuperkritikus extrakci\u00f3t a kender sz\u00e1r\u00e1nak \u00e9s level\u00e9nek ill\u00f3olaj\u00e1nak kinyer\u00e9s\u00e9re. A h\u00e1rom m\u00f3dszerrel nyert \u00f6sszes komponens \u00e9s tartalmuk k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9geit \u00e9s jellemz\u0151it szisztematikusan \u00e9s \u00e1tfog\u00f3an \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edtottuk annak \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, hogy t\u00f6bb potenci\u00e1lis hat\u00f3anyagot fedezz\u00fcnk fel, \u00e9s tudom\u00e1nyos alapot biztos\u00edtsunk a kenderipar \u00e9sszer\u0171 \u00e9s szab\u00e1lyszer\u0171 fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9hez \u00e9s felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1hoz. Emellett hat\u00e9kony \u00e9s k\u00e9nyelmes extrakci\u00f3s m\u00f3dszert biztos\u00edt a kender ill\u00f3olaj aktivit\u00e1svizsg\u00e1lat\u00e1hoz \u00e9s t\u00e9teles extrakci\u00f3j\u00e1hoz a k\u00e9s\u0151bbi szakaszban, \u00e9s kutat\u00e1si alapot biztos\u00edt a kender ill\u00f3olaj (komponensek) term\u00e9kek fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9hez \u00e9s antioxid\u00e1ns, gyullad\u00e1scs\u00f6kkent\u0151 \u00e9s egy\u00e9b aktivit\u00e1suk sz\u0171r\u00e9s\u00e9hez, amelynek elm\u00e9leti \u00e9s ir\u00e1nymutat\u00f3 jelent\u0151s\u00e9ge van.<\/p>\n

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Kiterjedt k\u00eds\u00e9rleti optimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s \u00e9s sz\u0171r\u00e9s ut\u00e1n ez a k\u00eds\u00e9rlet a Hanma ill\u00f3olaj GC-MS teljes ionkromatogramj\u00e1t kapta h\u00e1rom k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 m\u00f3dszerrel, j\u00f3 elv\u00e1laszt\u00e1st el\u00e9rve az egyes komponensek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, \u00e9s jav\u00edtva az azonos\u00edt\u00e1s pontoss\u00e1g\u00e1t \u00e9s megb\u00edzhat\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1t. A h\u00e1rom k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 extrakci\u00f3s m\u00f3dszerrel nyert Hanma ill\u00f3olaj teljes \u00f6sszetev\u0151inek GC-MS azonos\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9s \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00f3 vizsg\u00e1lata r\u00e9v\u00e9n meg\u00e1llap\u00edtott\u00e1k, hogy a h\u00e1rom m\u00f3dszerrel nyert ill\u00f3olajban \u00f6sszesen 154 komponenst azonos\u00edtottak, k\u00f6zt\u00fck 13 k\u00f6z\u00f6s komponenst, amelyek hasonl\u00f3s\u00e1ga meghaladta a 80% \u00e9rt\u00e9ket. K\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fck a v\u00edzdesztill\u00e1ci\u00f3s m\u00f3dszerrel nyert\u00e9k a legt\u00f6bb extrah\u00e1lt komponenst, 89-et, f\u0151k\u00e9nt kis molekul\u00e1j\u00fa vegy\u00fcleteket, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul alk\u00e1nokat, alk\u00e9neket, alkoholokat, aldehideket \u00e9s szeszkviterp\u00e9neket. A szuperkritikus \u00e9s szubkritikus extrakci\u00f3s m\u00f3dszerrel nyert ill\u00f3olaj-komponensek bizonyos hasonl\u00f3s\u00e1gokat mutatnak, t\u00f6bbnyire magas forr\u00e1spont\u00fa vegy\u00fcletek vagy makromolekul\u00e1ris vegy\u00fcletek, mint savak, alkoholok, \u00e9szterek, fenolok stb. \u00e9s 40 k\u00f6z\u00f6s cs\u00facsot tartalmaznak, de a tartalmi k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9gek jelent\u0151sek, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi alkoholok, linolsav, olajsav stb. Cannabidiol stb.
\nB\u00e1r a v\u00edzdesztill\u00e1ci\u00f3s m\u00f3dszerrel sz\u00e1mos extrah\u00e1lt komponenst nyerhet\u00fcnk, az olajhozam viszonylag alacsony, \u00e9s az ill\u00e9kony vagy f\u0151 komponensek tartalma is jelent\u0151sen elt\u00e9r a m\u00e1sik k\u00e9t extrakci\u00f3s m\u00f3dszert\u0151l. Ennek az az oka, hogy a v\u00edzg\u0151zdesztill\u00e1ci\u00f3 sor\u00e1n az ill\u00f3olaj (ill\u00f3olaj) \u00f6sszetev\u0151inek bizonyos h\u00e1nyada felold\u00f3dhat a forr\u00f3 v\u00edzben, \u00e9s a desztill\u00e1ci\u00f3s h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet el\u00e9rheti a 100 \u2103-ot. Ez\u00e9rt a magasabb forr\u00e1spont\u00fa komponensek nem p\u00e1rolognak el k\u00f6nnyen. Ugyanakkor a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 komponensek elt\u00e9r\u0151 oldhat\u00f3s\u00e1ggal rendelkeznek a forr\u00f3 v\u00edzben, \u00e9s az egyes komponensek elp\u00e1rolg\u00e1s\u00e1nak ar\u00e1nya is elt\u00e9r\u0151. A v\u00edzdesztill\u00e1ci\u00f3s m\u00f3dszer els\u0151sorban alacsony forr\u00e1spont\u00fa, kis molekul\u00e1j\u00fa vegy\u00fcleteket stb. von ki. Ez\u00e9rt a v\u00edzdesztill\u00e1ci\u00f3 alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1val sz\u00e1mos ill\u00e9kony komponens nyerhet\u0151. A szubkritikus \u00e9s a szuperkritikus extrakci\u00f3s m\u00f3dszerek bizonyos hasonl\u00f3s\u00e1gokat mutatnak az extrakci\u00f3s elvek \u00e9s a nyert komponensek tekintet\u00e9ben. Mindk\u00e9t m\u00f3dszer alkalmas az er\u0151sen pol\u00e1ros vegy\u00fcletek, a magas forr\u00e1spont\u00fa vegy\u00fcletek vagy a makromolekul\u00e1ris vegy\u00fcletek elk\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re megfelel\u0151 kritikus h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleten \u00e9s nyom\u00e1son az extrakci\u00f3 sor\u00e1n. Ugyanakkor a bevon\u00f3szerek alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1val a bevon\u00f3szerek \u00e9s az oldott molekul\u00e1k k\u00f6z\u00f6tt van der Waals-er\u0151k, illetve a bevon\u00f3szerek \u00e9s az oldott anyagok k\u00f6z\u00f6tt specifikus intermolekul\u00e1ris k\u00f6lcs\u00f6nhat\u00e1sok, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul hidrog\u00e9nk\u00f6t\u00e9sek \u00e9s egy\u00e9b er\u0151k l\u00e9pnek fel. Ez nemcsak az extrakci\u00f3 szelektivit\u00e1s\u00e1t jav\u00edtja \u00e9s tartja fenn, hanem a nehezen p\u00e1rolg\u00f3 oldott anyagok \u00e9s a pol\u00e1ros oldott anyagok oldhat\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1t is n\u00f6veli. A v\u00edzdesztill\u00e1ci\u00f3val \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edtva t\u00f6bb semleges vagy f\u00e9lig ill\u00e9kony komponens elv\u00e1laszt\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s kivon\u00e1s\u00e1ra k\u00e9pes, de n\u00e9h\u00e1ny kis molekul\u00e1j\u00fa komponens vesztes\u00e9g\u00e9t is okozza. Az \u00f6sszes t\u00e9nyez\u0151t figyelembe v\u00e9ve a szubkritikus extrakci\u00f3s m\u00f3dszer, mint \u00faj t\u00edpus\u00fa extrakci\u00f3s m\u00f3dszer el\u0151nye az alacsony h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet \u00e9s a nagy aktivit\u00e1smegmarad\u00e1s, a norm\u00e1l nyom\u00e1son t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 k\u00f6nny\u0171 kivitelez\u00e9s \u00e9s a k\u00f6rnyezetbar\u00e1t jelleg. A m\u00f3dszer maximaliz\u00e1lja a h\u0151\u00e9rz\u00e9keny, ill\u00e9kony, hidroliz\u00e1lt \u00e9s oxid\u00e1lt komponensek visszatart\u00e1s\u00e1t, mik\u00f6zben az energiatakar\u00e9koss\u00e1g \u00e9s az alacsony k\u00f6lts\u00e9g el\u0151nyeivel is rendelkezik. Ez\u00e9rt a szubkritikus extrakci\u00f3s m\u00f3dszer ide\u00e1lis m\u00f3dszernek tekinthet\u0151 a kender ill\u00f3olaj\u00e1nak kinyer\u00e9s\u00e9re.
\nA hanma ill\u00f3olaj a hanma n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek ill\u00e9kony m\u00e1sodlagos anyagcsereterm\u00e9ke, amelyek k\u00f6z\u00fcl n\u00e9h\u00e1ny egyedi gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati \u00e9s \u00e9tkez\u00e9si \u00e9rt\u00e9kkel rendelkezik. Er\u0151s ill\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1nak, \u00e1tereszt\u0151 k\u00e9pess\u00e9g\u00e9nek \u00e9s arom\u00e1ss\u00e1g\u00e1nak k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en nemcsak az \u00e9rzelmeket k\u00e9pes szab\u00e1lyozni, hanem ellen\u00e1ll a rovaroknak, bakt\u00e9riumoknak stb. is, \u00e9s nagy alkalmaz\u00e1si kil\u00e1t\u00e1sokkal rendelkezik. Ez\u00e9rt ez a k\u00eds\u00e9rlet k\u00eds\u00e9rleti alapot ny\u00fajthat a Hanma ill\u00f3olaj aktivit\u00e1svizsg\u00e1lat\u00e1hoz \u00e9s t\u00e9teles extrakci\u00f3j\u00e1hoz a k\u00e9s\u0151bbi szakaszban, valamint hat\u00e9kony \u00e9s k\u00e9nyelmes extrakci\u00f3s m\u00f3dszer kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz. A Hanma ill\u00f3olaj (\u00f6sszetev\u0151k) \u00e9s funkcion\u00e1lis aktivit\u00e1s\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00fck tov\u00e1bbi min\u0151s\u00e9gi \u00e9s mennyis\u00e9gi kutat\u00e1s\u00e1hoz is adatokat \u00e9s hivatkoz\u00e1si alapot szolg\u00e1ltat, \u00e9s tudom\u00e1nyos \u00fatmutat\u00e1st ny\u00fajt a Hanma alkalmaz\u00e1si lehet\u0151s\u00e9geinek tov\u00e1bbi felt\u00e1r\u00e1s\u00e1hoz a Hanma-ipar fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9nek fokoz\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Identification and comparative study of the whole components of Hanma stem and leaf essential oil based on different extraction methods Hanma, also known as industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), is an annual herbaceous plant of the Cannabis genus (Cannabis L.) in the Cannaceae family. It is also known as fire hemp, cloud hemp, etc. It […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nIdentification and comparative study of the whole components of Hanma stem and leaf essential oil based on different extraction methods - China Chemical Manufacturer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/hanma-stem-and-leaf-essential-oil\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Identification and comparative study of the whole components of Hanma stem and leaf essential oil based on different extraction methods - China Chemical Manufacturer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Identification and comparative study of the whole components of Hanma stem and leaf essential oil based on different extraction methods Hanma, also known as industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), is an annual herbaceous plant of the Cannabis genus (Cannabis L.) in the Cannaceae family. 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