{"id":7205,"date":"2024-08-06T18:58:59","date_gmt":"2024-08-06T18:58:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/?p=7205"},"modified":"2024-08-06T18:58:59","modified_gmt":"2024-08-06T18:58:59","slug":"secondary-metabolites-of-microorganisms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/secondary-metabolites-of-microorganisms\/","title":{"rendered":"A mikroorganizmusok m\u00e1sodlagos anyagcsereterm\u00e9keinek Phytophthora capsici elleni rezisztenci\u00e1j\u00e1val kapcsolatos kutat\u00e1sok el\u0151rehalad\u00e1sa"},"content":{"rendered":"

A mikroorganizmusok m\u00e1sodlagos anyagcsereterm\u00e9keinek Phytophthora capsici elleni rezisztenci\u00e1j\u00e1val kapcsolatos kutat\u00e1sok el\u0151rehalad\u00e1sa
\nA Chili Phytophthora az Oomycota t\u00f6rzsbe, az Oomycetes oszt\u00e1lyba, a Peronosporales rendbe, a Peronosporaceae csal\u00e1dba \u00e9s a Phytophthora nemzets\u00e9gbe tartozik. El\u0151sz\u00f6r 1922-ben jelentett\u00e9k be, \u00e9s egy rendk\u00edv\u00fcl puszt\u00edt\u00f3 invaz\u00edv k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3, amely n\u00f6v\u00e9nybetegs\u00e9geket okozhat (amint az az 1. \u00e1br\u00e1n l\u00e1that\u00f3), \u00e9s jelent\u0151s gazdas\u00e1gi vesztes\u00e9geket okoz a mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi termel\u00e9sben. Kamoun \u00e9s munkat\u00e1rsai besz\u00e1moltak a t\u00edz legnagyobb oomycetes k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3r\u00f3l, amelyek jelent\u0151s negat\u00edv hat\u00e1ssal vannak a glob\u00e1lis \u00e9lelmez\u00e9sbiztons\u00e1gra \u00e9s a term\u00e9szetes \u00f6kosziszt\u00e9m\u00e1k meg\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9re, k\u00f6zt\u00fck hat Phytophthora-fajr\u00f3l, amelyek k\u00f6z\u00fcl a Phytophthora capsici az \u00f6t\u00f6dik helyen \u00e1ll. A chili Phytophthora-t kezdetben kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag a chilipaprik\u00e1ra jellemz\u0151 k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3nak tartott\u00e1k, de k\u00e9s\u0151bb felfedezt\u00e9k, hogy egyes Solanaceae-, h\u00fcvelyes- \u00e9s a legt\u00f6bb dinnyetermeszt\u00e9s\u0171 n\u00f6v\u00e9nyt is k\u00e9pes megfert\u0151zni. A Chili Phytophthora gyorsan n\u00f6vekszik, \u00e9s a magas h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kletet \u00e9s a magas p\u00e1ratartalmat kedveli. Minden n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi r\u00e9szt k\u00e9pes megfert\u0151zni, bele\u00e9rtve a gy\u00f6kereket, a sz\u00e1rat, a leveleket \u00e9s a gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6ket. Sporangiumai a talajban telelhetnek \u00e1t \u00e9s 1-2 \u00e9vig fennmaradhatnak, ami komolyan befoly\u00e1solja a chili \u00e9s m\u00e1s n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek vet\u00e9sforg\u00f3j\u00e1t. Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl a Phytophthora capsici k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 \u00fatvonalakon, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul v\u00edzforr\u00e1sokon, szennyezett talajon \u00e9s l\u00e9gkonvekci\u00f3n kereszt\u00fcl terjedhet. A term\u0151f\u00f6ldre val\u00f3 behurcol\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n neh\u00e9z a v\u00e9dekez\u00e9s, \u00e9s gyakran nem is lehet kiirtani. Ez\u00e9rt a Phytophthora capsici, mint puszt\u00edt\u00f3 talajon terjed\u0151 k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3, az egyik f\u0151 t\u00e9nyez\u0151, amely korl\u00e1tozza az olyan n\u00f6v\u00e9nytermeszt\u00e9si \u00e1gazatok fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9t, mint a chili, a bab \u00e9s a dinnye.<\/p>\n

A Phytophthora capsici megel\u0151z\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9s visszaszor\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra a vegyszeres n\u00f6v\u00e9nyv\u00e9d\u0151szeres v\u00e9dekez\u00e9s, a betegs\u00e9gnek ellen\u00e1ll\u00f3 fajt\u00e1k nemes\u00edt\u00e9se \u00e9s a biol\u00f3giai v\u00e9dekez\u00e9s az \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos m\u00f3dszerek. Jelenleg a Phytophthora capsici elleni v\u00e9dekez\u00e9sre f\u0151k\u00e9nt a propineb, a dimetomorf, a metalaxil \u00e9s az azoxistrobin k\u00e9miai peszticideket haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k, amelyek hat\u00e9konys\u00e1ga 50% \u00e9s 90% k\u00f6z\u00f6tt mozog. A k\u00e9miai n\u00f6v\u00e9nyv\u00e9d\u0151 szerek a betegs\u00e9gmegel\u0151z\u00e9s \u00e9s a magas term\u00e9shozam fontos eszk\u00f6zeiv\u00e9 v\u00e1ltak a mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi termel\u00e9sben a k\u00e9nyelmes alkalmaz\u00e1s, a gyors v\u00e9dekez\u0151 hat\u00e1s \u00e9s az alacsony k\u00f6lts\u00e9g el\u0151nyei miatt. A k\u00e9miai n\u00f6v\u00e9nyv\u00e9d\u0151 szerek hossz\u00fa t\u00e1v\u00fa haszn\u00e1lata azonban a k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3k gy\u00f3gyszerrezisztenci\u00e1j\u00e1nak kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezethet, \u00e9s szennyezi a k\u00f6rnyezetet is. A betegs\u00e9geknek ellen\u00e1ll\u00f3 fajt\u00e1k nemes\u00edt\u00e9se f\u0151k\u00e9nt hibridnemes\u00edt\u00e9ssel, mutagenezisnemes\u00edt\u00e9ssel \u00e9s biotechnol\u00f3giailag t\u00e1mogatott nemes\u00edt\u00e9si technik\u00e1kkal t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, amelyek gazdas\u00e1gosabb \u00e9s k\u00f6rnyezetbar\u00e1tabb m\u00f3dszerek a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi betegs\u00e9gek megel\u0151z\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9s ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9re. A betegs\u00e9geknek ellen\u00e1ll\u00f3 fajt\u00e1k nemes\u00edt\u00e9se azonban hosszabb id\u0151t vesz ig\u00e9nybe, \u00e9s a betegs\u00e9geknek ellen\u00e1ll\u00f3 fajt\u00e1kn\u00e1l el\u0151fordulhat a betegs\u00e9gekkel szembeni ellen\u00e1ll\u00f3 k\u00e9pess\u00e9g cs\u00f6kken\u00e9se. A k\u00e9miai v\u00e9dekez\u00e9shez k\u00e9pest a biol\u00f3giai v\u00e9dekez\u00e9s biztons\u00e1gosabb megold\u00e1s, mivel elker\u00fclhet\u0151 vele a k\u00f6rnyezetszennyez\u00e9s. A mikrobiol\u00f3giai v\u00e9dekez\u00e9s a biol\u00f3giai v\u00e9dekez\u00e9s egyik fajt\u00e1ja, \u00e9s a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi betegs\u00e9gek ellen hat\u00f3 mikroorganizmusok \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban bakt\u00e9riumok, aktinomyc\u00e9t\u00e1k \u00e9s gomb\u00e1k. Ezek k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 mechanizmusokon kereszt\u00fcl k\u00e9pesek g\u00e1tolni a gazdan\u00f6v\u00e9nyek patog\u00e9n bakt\u00e9riumok \u00e1ltali fert\u0151z\u00e9s\u00e9t. Ezek k\u00f6z\u00fcl a g\u00e1tl\u00f3 metabolitok az egyik legfontosabb biokontrollmechanizmus a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3k elleni mikrobi\u00e1lis antagonizmusban. Az alkaloidok, lipopeptidek, makrolidok, terp\u00e9nek \u00e9s m\u00e1s, a mikrobi\u00e1lis m\u00e1sodlagos anyagcsere \u00e1ltal termelt anyagok j\u00f3 g\u00e1tl\u00f3 hat\u00e1ssal vannak a Phytophthora capsici ellen. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Bacillus subtilisb\u0151l izol\u00e1lt \u00faj lipopeptid, a gagopeptid A k\u00e9pes g\u00e1tolni a Phytophthora capsici mozg\u00e9kony sp\u00f3r\u00e1inak mozg\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s azok l\u00edzis\u00e9t; A Micromonospora coerulea teny\u00e9szk\u00f6zeg\u00e9b\u0151l \u00e9s mic\u00e9lium\u00e1b\u00f3l tiszt\u00edtott Ao58A antibiotikum minim\u00e1lis g\u00e1tl\u00f3 koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3ja (MIC) a Phytophthora capsici ellen 3 \u03bc g\/ml, \u00e9s \u00fcvegh\u00e1zi k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt az Ao58A antibiotikum ugyanolyan hat\u00e9kony a Phytophthora capsici elleni k\u00fczdelemben, mint a metimazol. Ez\u00e9rt a fungicidek nagy r\u00e9sze nemcsak k\u00e9miai szint\u00e9zisb\u0151l, hanem a mikroorganizmusok m\u00e1sodlagos metabolitjaib\u00f3l is sz\u00e1rmazik. Ez a cikk \u00e1ttekint\u00e9st ny\u00fajt 94, az elm\u00falt k\u00e9t \u00e9vtizedben a Phytophthora capsici elleni aktivit\u00e1ssal rendelkez\u0151, mikrobi\u00e1lis eredet\u0171 m\u00e1sodlagos metabolitr\u00f3l, a mikrobi\u00e1lis m\u00e1sodlagos metabolitok forr\u00e1saira, antibakteri\u00e1lis hat\u00e1saira \u00e9s egyes m\u00e1sodlagos metabolitok antibakteri\u00e1lis mechanizmusaira \u00f6sszpontos\u00edtva. A c\u00e9l az, hogy referenci\u00e1t ny\u00fajtson a Phytophthora capsici elleni aktivit\u00e1ssal rendelkez\u0151, mikrobi\u00e1lis eredet\u0171 m\u00e1sodlagos metabolitok kutat\u00e1s\u00e1hoz \u00e9s fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9hez.<\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"
\nA mikrob\u00e1kb\u00f3l \u00e9s azok metabolitjaib\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 biol\u00f3giai szerek kifejleszt\u00e9se \u00e9s felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1sa a n\u00f6v\u00e9nybetegs\u00e9gek elleni v\u00e9dekez\u00e9s hat\u00e9kony eszk\u00f6zeinek \u00e9s a z\u00f6ld mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi fejl\u0151d\u00e9s el\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9nek strat\u00e9gi\u00e1inak tekinthet\u0151. Ez a cikk 94 mikrobi\u00e1lis m\u00e1sodlagos metabolitot foglal \u00f6ssze, amelyek paprika elleni fitoft\u00f3ra-aktivit\u00e1ssal rendelkeznek, amelyek k\u00f6z\u00fcl a bakt\u00e9riumokb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 term\u00e9kek teszik ki a legmagasabb 46,8%-t, m\u00edg az aktinomicit\u00e1kb\u00f3l \u00e9s gomb\u00e1kb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 term\u00e9kek 27,7%-t, illetve 25,5%-t tesznek ki. E 94 mikrobi\u00e1lis m\u00e1sodlagos anyagcsereterm\u00e9k t\u00falnyom\u00f3 t\u00f6bbs\u00e9ge j\u00f3 g\u00e1tl\u00f3 hat\u00e1ssal rendelkezik a Phytophthora capsici ellen, \u00e9s n\u00e9h\u00e1ny m\u00e1sodlagos anyagcsereterm\u00e9k a sp\u00f3r\u00e1k mozg\u00e1s\u00e1nak korl\u00e1toz\u00e1s\u00e1val, a sp\u00f3r\u00e1k liz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val, a sejtmembr\u00e1nok k\u00e1ros\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val, a feh\u00e9rjeszint\u00e9zis g\u00e1tl\u00e1s\u00e1val \u00e9s a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi rezisztencia induk\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val g\u00e1tolhat\u00f3. Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl a Trichoderma, a Trichoderma \u00e9s az Aspergillus \u00e1ltal\u00e1nosan haszn\u00e1lt biol\u00f3giai v\u00e9dekez\u0151 gomb\u00e1k, de a Phytophthora capsici elleni antagonizmusukkal kapcsolatos kutat\u00e1sok t\u00f6bbnyire \u00e9l\u0151 bakt\u00e9riumokra \u00e9s ferment\u00e1ci\u00f3s levesekre \u00f6sszpontos\u00edtottak, \u00e9s viszonylag kev\u00e9s kutat\u00e1st v\u00e9geztek a Phytophthora capsici elleni tiszta term\u00e9keikkel kapcsolatban. Ez\u00e9rt nagy sz\u00fcks\u00e9g van e h\u00e1rom gombafaj ferment\u00e1ci\u00f3s term\u00e9keinek izol\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s tiszt\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra annak \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, hogy t\u00f6bb, szerkezetileg \u00fajszer\u0171 \u00e9s nagy aktivit\u00e1s\u00fa m\u00e1sodlagos metabolitot nyerj\u00fcnk a Phytophthora capsici ellen.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1r a mikrobi\u00e1lis m\u00e1sodlagos anyagcsereterm\u00e9kek nagy potenci\u00e1llal rendelkeznek a Phytophthora capsici \u00e9s m\u00e1s n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3k g\u00e1tl\u00e1s\u00e1ban, nem tagadhat\u00f3, hogy a mikrobi\u00e1lis m\u00e1sodlagos anyagcsereterm\u00e9kek mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi termel\u00e9sben val\u00f3 alkalmaz\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n m\u00e9g mindig sz\u00e1mos korl\u00e1toz\u00f3 t\u00e9nyez\u0151 van. El\u0151sz\u00f6r is, a mikroorganizmusok m\u00e1sodlagos anyagcsereterm\u00e9keinek Phytophthora capsici-vel szembeni ellen\u00e1ll\u00f3 k\u00e9pess\u00e9g\u00e9r\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 jelent\u00e9sek t\u00f6bbs\u00e9ge a term\u00e9kek izol\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra, valamint a Phytophthora capsici elleni aktivit\u00e1suk el\u0151zetes sz\u0171r\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9s \u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00f6sszpontos\u00edt, \u00e9s kev\u00e9s kutat\u00e1st v\u00e9geznek antibakteri\u00e1lis mechanizmusaikr\u00f3l \u00e9s terepi k\u00eds\u00e9rletekr\u0151l; M\u00e1sodszor, sok term\u00e9k gyenge stabilit\u00e1ssal rendelkezik, \u00e9s k\u00f6nnyen befoly\u00e1solj\u00e1k \u0151ket k\u00fcls\u0151 k\u00f6rnyezeti t\u00e9nyez\u0151k, ami nagym\u00e9rt\u00e9kben cs\u00f6kkenti antibakteri\u00e1lis hat\u00e1sukat. Ez\u00e9rt a j\u00f6v\u0151ben figyelmet kell ford\u00edtani a t\u00f6bbszint\u0171 \u00e9s sokoldal\u00fa, m\u00e9lyrehat\u00f3 kutat\u00e1sra az antibakteri\u00e1lis mechanizmusok \u00e9s a terepi k\u00eds\u00e9rletek kombin\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val; \u00e9s m\u00f3dos\u00edtani kell az \u00edg\u00e9retes alkalmaz\u00e1sokkal rendelkez\u0151 term\u00e9kek szerkezet\u00e9t, hogy jav\u00edts\u00e1k stabilit\u00e1sukat \u00e9s a Phytophthora capsici elleni szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1si hat\u00e1sukat. R\u00f6viden, objekt\u00edven fel kell ismern\u00fcnk a mikrobi\u00e1lis forr\u00e1sokb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 m\u00e1sodlagos anyagcsereterm\u00e9kekben rejl\u0151 lehet\u0151s\u00e9geket a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi betegs\u00e9gek megel\u0151z\u00e9s\u00e9ben \u00e9s lek\u00fczd\u00e9s\u00e9ben, \u00e9s teljes m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben ki kell haszn\u00e1lnunk el\u0151nyeiket. A s\u00falyos k\u00e9miai n\u00f6v\u00e9nyv\u00e9d\u0151szer-szennyez\u00e9s \u00e9s a betegs\u00e9geknek ellen\u00e1ll\u00f3 fajt\u00e1k nemes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek neh\u00e9zs\u00e9gei mellett pedig a mikroorganizmusok fejleszt\u00e9se \u00e9s hasznos\u00edt\u00e1sa<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Research progress on the resistance of secondary metabolites of microorganisms to Phytophthora capsici Chili Phytophthora belongs to the Oomycota phylum, Oomycetes class, Peronosporales order, Peronosporaceae family, and Phytophthora genus. It was first reported in 1922 and is a highly destructive invasive pathogen that can cause plant diseases (as shown in Figure 1), resulting in significant […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nResearch progress on the resistance of secondary metabolites of microorganisms to Phytophthora capsici - China Chemical Manufacturer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/secondary-metabolites-of-microorganisms\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Research progress on the resistance of secondary metabolites of microorganisms to Phytophthora capsici - China Chemical Manufacturer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Research progress on the resistance of secondary metabolites of microorganisms to Phytophthora capsici Chili Phytophthora belongs to the Oomycota phylum, Oomycetes class, Peronosporales order, Peronosporaceae family, and Phytophthora genus. 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