{"id":6735,"date":"2024-08-06T14:18:26","date_gmt":"2024-08-06T14:18:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/?p=6735"},"modified":"2024-08-06T14:18:26","modified_gmt":"2024-08-06T14:18:26","slug":"volatile-organic-compounds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/volatile-organic-compounds\/","title":{"rendered":"A n\u00f6v\u00e9nyekben tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 ill\u00e9kony szerves vegy\u00fcletek szint\u00e9zis\u00e9nek \u00e9s anyagcsere\u00fatjainak, valamint felszabadul\u00e1suk \u00e9s \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u00e9s\u00fck szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1si mechanizmusainak kutat\u00e1sa ter\u00e9n el\u00e9rt eredm\u00e9nyek"},"content":{"rendered":"

A n\u00f6v\u00e9nyekben tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 ill\u00e9kony szerves vegy\u00fcletek szint\u00e9zis\u00e9nek \u00e9s anyagcsere\u00fatjainak, valamint felszabadul\u00e1suk \u00e9s \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u00e9s\u00fck szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1si mechanizmusainak kutat\u00e1sa ter\u00e9n el\u00e9rt eredm\u00e9nyek
\nAz emberi tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9gek \u00e9s a biol\u00f3giai anyagcsere k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 ill\u00e9kony szerves vegy\u00fcleteket (VOC) termelnek, amelyek forr\u00e1suk alapj\u00e1n biog\u00e9n ill\u00e9kony szerves vegy\u00fcletek (BVOC) \u00e9s antropog\u00e9n ill\u00e9kony szerves vegy\u00fcletek (AVOC) csoportj\u00e1ba sorolhat\u00f3k. K\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fck a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek a biog\u00e9n ill\u00e9kony szerves vegy\u00fcletek (BVOC) f\u0151 forr\u00e1sa a l\u00e9gk\u00f6rben, amelyek \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek m\u00e1sodlagos anyagcsere\u00fatjain kereszt\u00fcl szintetiz\u00e1l\u00f3dnak. Az 1950-es \u00e9s 1960-as \u00e9vekben sz\u00e1moltak be el\u0151sz\u00f6r arr\u00f3l a tulajdons\u00e1gr\u00f3l, hogy a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek k\u00e9pesek BVOC-okat kibocs\u00e1tani, \u00e9s m\u00e1ra kider\u00fclt, hogy szinte minden n\u00f6v\u00e9ny k\u00e9pes BVOC-okat kibocs\u00e1tani.<\/p>\n

Az ill\u00e9kony szerves vegy\u00fcletek (VOC) a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek fontos jellemz\u0151i, amelyek k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6znek a hagyom\u00e1nyos n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi terp\u00e9nek, zs\u00edrsavak \u00e9s fenilalanin\/arom\u00e1s gy\u0171r\u0171s metabolitok fizikai tulajdons\u00e1gait\u00f3l. Sz\u00e9lesebb k\u00f6rben elterjedtek, \u00e9s ez\u00e9rt k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 fontos szerepet j\u00e1tszanak a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek \u00e9let\u00e9ben, a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tti kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3 f\u0151 m\u00e9diumak\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1lnak, \u00e9s fontos n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi inform\u00e1ci\u00f3kat k\u00f6zvet\u00edtenek m\u00e1s szervezetek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 szinergikus k\u00f6lcs\u00f6nhat\u00e1sokat k\u00f6zvet\u00edtenek a f\u00f6ld felett \u00e9s alatt. Sz\u00e1mos tanulm\u00e1ny meg\u00e1llap\u00edtotta, hogy a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi BVOC-ok allelopatikus hat\u00e1s\u00faak, amelyek az elp\u00e1rolg\u00e1s r\u00e9v\u00e9n allelopatikus anyagokat szabad\u00edthatnak fel a k\u00f6rnyez\u0151 k\u00f6rnyezetbe, ez\u00e1ltal befoly\u00e1solva a k\u00f6rnyez\u0151 n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek v\u00e9delmi v\u00e1lasz\u00e1t, szaporod\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s verseny\u00e9t; Stresszes k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek a BVOC-ok, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az izopr\u00e9n vagy a z\u00f6ld lev\u00e9l ill\u00e9kony anyagainak felszabad\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val enyh\u00edthetik a biotikus vagy abiotikus stressz \u00e1ltal elszenvedett k\u00e1rokat; A k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi BVOC-ok szint\u00e9zise \u00e9s felszabadul\u00e1sa a vir\u00e1gokb\u00f3l \u00e9s a t\u00e1panyagr\u00e9szekb\u0151l szint\u00e9n hat\u00e1ssal van a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi szaporod\u00e1sra, \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban bizonyos szag\u00fa ill\u00e9kony vegy\u00fcleteket bocs\u00e1tanak ki a szirmokon \u00e9s a mirigyeken kereszt\u00fcl, hogy a beporz\u00f3 rovarokat a beporz\u00e1shoz vonzz\u00e1k; A n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi BVOC-ok k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl is n\u00f6velhetik a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek versenyk\u00e9pess\u00e9g\u00e9t a kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1sok r\u00e9v\u00e9n, \u00e9s negat\u00edv hat\u00e1ssal lehetnek a befogad\u00f3kra, vagy k\u00f6zvetve szab\u00e1lyozhatj\u00e1k a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi versenym\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9st a m\u00e1s t\u00e1panyagszintekkel val\u00f3 k\u00f6lcs\u00f6nhat\u00e1sok manipul\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val; Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek nemcsak a BVOC-okat bocs\u00e1tj\u00e1k ki \u00f6nmaguk v\u00e9delme \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, hanem korai figyelmeztet\u00e9st is adnak a szomsz\u00e9dos, nem \u00e9rintett n\u00f6v\u00e9nyeknek, \u00edgy v\u00e9dettebb\u00e9 teszik \u0151ket a k\u00e9s\u0151bbi stresszel szemben.
\nA n\u00f6v\u00e9nyekb\u0151l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 BVOC-ok az emberi \u00e9letben is fontos szerepet j\u00e1tszanak. A statisztik\u00e1k szerint a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyekb\u0151l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 BVOC-k \u00e9ves kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1sa a glob\u00e1lis sz\u00e1razf\u00f6ldi, nem met\u00e1n ill\u00e9kony szerves vegy\u00fcletek glob\u00e1lis kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00e1nak 90%-j\u00e9t teszi ki, amely jelent\u0151s hat\u00e1ssal van m\u00e1s szervezetekre, valamint a l\u00e9gk\u00f6r k\u00e9mi\u00e1j\u00e1ra \u00e9s fizik\u00e1j\u00e1ra. A kibocs\u00e1tott n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi BVOC-ok a napf\u00e9ny \u00e9s a nitrog\u00e9n-oxidok (NOx) jelenl\u00e9t\u00e9ben n\u00f6velik az O3 \u00e9s m\u00e1s oxid\u00e1l\u00f3szerek szintj\u00e9t a l\u00e9gk\u00f6rben, ami troposzf\u00e9rikus \u00f3zon kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezet, \u00e9s el\u0151seg\u00edti a m\u00e1sodlagos szerves aeroszolok keletkez\u00e9s\u00e9t; Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl sz\u00e1mos n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi BVOC term\u00e9szetes er\u0151forr\u00e1st is biztos\u00edthat az ember sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, \u00e9s sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k a parf\u00fcm\u00f6kben, illatszerekben, italokban, \u00edzes\u00edt\u0151kben, kozmetikumokban \u00e9s m\u00e1s ipar\u00e1gakban.
\nA n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek \u00e1ltal kibocs\u00e1tott BVOC-ok \u00f3ri\u00e1si hat\u00e1ssal vannak a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyekre, s\u0151t az emberi \u00e9letre is. Az elm\u00falt \u00e9vekben a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi BVOC-k kutat\u00e1sa forr\u00f3 t\u00e9m\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lt. A BVOC-ok a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi szervek fiziol\u00f3giai anyagcser\u00e9j\u00e9ben keletkeznek, felszabadulnak \u00e9s bejutnak a k\u00f6rnyez\u0151 k\u00f6rnyezetbe, majd a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek \u00fajra \u00e9rz\u00e9kelik \u0151ket, szerepet j\u00e1tszanak a k\u00e1rtev\u0151k elriaszt\u00e1s\u00e1ban, a gyomok elriaszt\u00e1s\u00e1ban \u00e9s az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3 terjeszt\u00e9s\u00e9ben. Ez a cikk els\u0151sorban a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi BVOC-ok szint\u00e9zis\u00e9nek \u00e9s anyagcsere\u00fatjainak szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1si mechanizmusait, a felszabadul\u00f3 sejtek fiziol\u00f3giai \u00e9s fizikai-k\u00e9miai tulajdons\u00e1gait, valamint a BVOC-ok n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek \u00e1ltali \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00e9s szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s\u00e1t tekinti \u00e1t.<\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"Az elm\u00falt \u00e9vtizedekben jelent\u0151s el\u0151rel\u00e9p\u00e9s t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt a szint\u00e9zis \u00e9s a metabolikus szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1si mechanizmusok, valamint a BVOC-ok felszabadul\u00e1s\u00e1nak \u00e9s \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u00e9s\u00e9nek szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9ben a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyekben. Jelenleg azonban a terpenoid bioszint\u00e9zis \u00e9s a metabolikus \u00fatvonalak \u00f6sszetetts\u00e9ge miatt sz\u00e1mos enzim \u00e1ltal k\u00f3dolt g\u00e9n nincs egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en defini\u00e1lva, \u00e9s a terpenoid szint\u00e9zis \u00e9s metabolizmus v\u00e9gs\u0151 szakasz\u00e1ban bek\u00f6vetkez\u0151 egyes m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sok nagyr\u00e9szt ismeretlenek; Az ill\u00e9kony zs\u00edrsav-metabolitok \u00e9s az ill\u00e9kony fenilalanin\/arom\u00e1s gy\u0171r\u0171s metabolitok kutat\u00e1s\u00e1ban m\u00e9g mindig sok hi\u00e1nyoss\u00e1g van. Tov\u00e1bbi kutat\u00e1sokra van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g a metabolikus \u00fatvonalakban kulcsfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa enzimjeik \u00e9s kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 g\u00e9njeik azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz, valamint ahhoz, hogy hogyan szab\u00e1lyozz\u00e1k ezeket a g\u00e9neket a transzkripci\u00f3s faktorok. Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl, mivel a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi BVOC-ok a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 sejtjeib\u0151l t\u00f6bb akad\u00e1lyon kereszt\u00fcl (bele\u00e9rtve a citoplazm\u00e1t, a plazmamembr\u00e1nt, a sejtfalat, a szarur\u00e9teget stb.) szabadulnak fel, sz\u00e1mos kutat\u00f3 t\u00f6bb hipot\u00e9zist javasolt arra vonatkoz\u00f3an, hogy a BVOC-ok hogyan mozognak a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi sejteken bel\u00fcl \u00e9s a sejtek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, valamint hogyan ker\u00fclnek a k\u00f6rnyezetbe. Azonban m\u00e9g mindig sok k\u00e9rd\u00e9s \u00e9s ellentmond\u00e1s v\u00e1r megold\u00e1sra. Ugyanakkor kutat\u00f3csoportunk kor\u00e1bbi tanulm\u00e1nyaiban is azt tapasztalta, hogy a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi rokons\u00e1g szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l a k\u00fcls\u0151 t\u00e9nyez\u0151k nagyobb hat\u00e1ssal vannak a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi BVOC-ok felszabadul\u00e1s\u00e1ra, mint a saj\u00e1t t\u00e9nyez\u0151k, ami felveti a k\u00e9rd\u00e9st, hogy a k\u00fcls\u0151 t\u00e9nyez\u0151k (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a k\u00f6rnyezeti t\u00e9nyez\u0151k) hogyan befoly\u00e1solj\u00e1k a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi BVOC-ok felszabadul\u00e1s\u00e1t. Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi BVOC-okat a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek a felszabadul\u00e1s ut\u00e1n \u00e9rz\u00e9kelik \u00e9s jelekk\u00e9 alak\u00edtj\u00e1k \u00e1t, ez\u00e1ltal specifikus v\u00e1laszokat induk\u00e1lva a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi sejtekben. A j\u00f6v\u0151ben az \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u00e9s szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak pontosabb mechanizmusait \u00e9s \u00fatvonalait kell felt\u00e1rni.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Research progress on the synthesis and metabolic pathways of volatile organic compounds in plants, as well as their release and perception regulation mechanisms Human activities and biological metabolism produce various volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can be classified into biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOCs) based on their sources. Among […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nResearch progress on the synthesis and metabolic pathways of volatile organic compounds in plants, as well as their release and perception regulation mechanisms - China Chemical Manufacturer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/volatile-organic-compounds\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Research progress on the synthesis and metabolic pathways of volatile organic compounds in plants, as well as their release and perception regulation mechanisms - China Chemical Manufacturer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Research progress on the synthesis and metabolic pathways of volatile organic compounds in plants, as well as their release and perception regulation mechanisms Human activities and biological metabolism produce various volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can be classified into biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOCs) based on their sources. 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