{"id":6337,"date":"2024-08-06T11:42:42","date_gmt":"2024-08-06T11:42:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/?p=6337"},"modified":"2024-08-06T11:42:42","modified_gmt":"2024-08-06T11:42:42","slug":"atractylodes-macrocephala","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/atractylodes-macrocephala\/","title":{"rendered":"Az Atractylodes macrocephala poliszacharidok \u00e9s az n-butanol hat\u00e1sa a mitokondri\u00e1lis autof\u00e1gi\u00e1ra l\u00e9phi\u00e1nyos patk\u00e1nyokban"},"content":{"rendered":"

Az Atractylodes macrocephala poliszacharidok \u00e9s az n-butanol hat\u00e1sa a mitokondri\u00e1lis autof\u00e1gi\u00e1ra l\u00e9phi\u00e1nyos patk\u00e1nyokban
\nA l\u00e9phi\u00e1ny a szervek \u00e9s zsigerek differenci\u00e1l\u00f3d\u00e1s\u00e1ban gyakori szindr\u00f3ma t\u00edpus, amely \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban fogy\u00e1s, \u00e9tv\u00e1gytalans\u00e1g, epigasztrikus f\u00e1jdalom, puffad\u00e1s, f\u00e1radts\u00e1g, s\u00e1padt arcsz\u00edn, laza sz\u00e9klet stb. form\u00e1j\u00e1ban jelentkezik. A l\u00e9phi\u00e1ny azt jelzi, hogy a szervezet alacsony energi\u00e1j\u00fa anyagcsere-\u00e1llapotban van, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a gyomor-b\u00e9lrendszeri diszfunkci\u00f3val \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sben. \u00c9rdemes megjegyezni, hogy a mitokondriumok a szervezetben a gasztrointesztin\u00e1lis perisztaltika fontos energiaforr\u00e1sa, amely oxidat\u00edv foszforil\u00e1ci\u00f3 r\u00e9v\u00e9n ATP form\u00e1j\u00e1ban termel energi\u00e1t, \u00e9s fontos l\u00e1ncszem a \"l\u00e9p k\u00f6zvet\u00edtette sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sban\". Az oxidat\u00edv k\u00e1rosod\u00e1s, a t\u00e1panyaghi\u00e1ny \u00e9s m\u00e1s k\u00fcls\u0151 ingerek k\u00f6nnyen mitokondriumok k\u00e1rosod\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezethetnek. V\u00e1laszk\u00e9nt a gazdasejtek aktiv\u00e1lhatj\u00e1k az autof\u00e1gia mechanizmusait a s\u00e9r\u00fclt mitokondriumok ki\u00fcr\u00edt\u00e9se \u00e9s a sejtek homeoszt\u00e1zis\u00e1nak fenntart\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben. Ha az autof\u00e1gia m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9se k\u00e1rosodik, \u00e9s a s\u00e9r\u00fclt mitokondriumokat nem lehet id\u0151ben ki\u00fcr\u00edteni, az sejthal\u00e1lt id\u00e9zhet el\u0151. A kutat\u00e1sok szerint l\u00e9phi\u00e1nyos \u00e1llatokban a mitokondri\u00e1lis autof\u00e1gia rendelleness\u00e9geit figyelt\u00e9k meg olyan sejtekben, mint a v\u00e1zizomzat, az idegek, a m\u00e1j \u00e9s a sz\u00edvizom.
\nAz Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC az Asteraceae csal\u00e1dba tartoz\u00f3 \u00e9vel\u0151 l\u00e1gysz\u00e1r\u00fa n\u00f6v\u00e9ny, amely a nedvess\u00e9get sz\u00e1r\u00edt\u00f3 \u00e9s a l\u00e9pet er\u0151s\u00edt\u0151 hat\u00e1s\u00fa. A K\u00ednai Gy\u00f3gyszerk\u00f6nyv szerint forr\u00e1sa az Atractylodes macrocephala vagy Atractylodes macrocephala nev\u0171 Asteraceae n\u00f6v\u00e9ny riz\u00f3m\u00e1ja. Az Atractylodes macrocephala vadon \u00e9l\u0151 forr\u00e1sai f\u0151k\u00e9nt Hubei, Xuancheng, Anhui, Wuning, Jiangxi \u00e9s Hanzhong, Shaanxi, m\u00edg az Atractylodes macrocephala vadon \u00e9l\u0151 forr\u00e1sai f\u0151k\u00e9nt \u00c9szakkelet-K\u00edn\u00e1ban, Bels\u0151-Mong\u00f3li\u00e1ban, Hebeiben \u00e9s m\u00e1s r\u00e9gi\u00f3kban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k. Hagyom\u00e1nyosan \u00fagy tartj\u00e1k, hogy a Jiangsu tartom\u00e1ny Maoshan ter\u00fclet\u00e9n tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 Atractylodes macrocephala a legjobb min\u0151s\u00e9g\u0171 \u00e9s val\u00f3di gy\u00f3gyn\u00f6v\u00e9ny. Sz\u00e1mos orsz\u00e1gban, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Thaif\u00f6ld\u00f6n \u00e9s Jap\u00e1nban az Atractylodes macrocephala-t \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban em\u00e9szt\u0151rendszeri betegs\u00e9gek kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re is haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k. Modern farmakol\u00f3giai vizsg\u00e1latok kimutatt\u00e1k, hogy az Atractylodes macrocephala k\u00e9pes szab\u00e1lyozni a gyomor-b\u00e9lrendszeri hormonok szintj\u00e9t a patk\u00e1nysz\u00e9rumban; az Atractylodes macrocephala kivonat g\u00e1tl\u00f3 hat\u00e1ssal van a gyomorr\u00e1kos sejtek (BGC-823 \u00e9s SGC-7901) \u00e9s a Helicobacter pylori n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9re. Az Atractylodes macrocephala k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 t\u00edpus\u00fa k\u00e9miai komponenseket tartalmaz, bele\u00e9rtve az ill\u00f3olajokat, poliszacharidokat, glikozidokat \u00e9s alacsony polarit\u00e1s\u00fa nem ill\u00e9kony anyagokat. A kutat\u00f3csoport kor\u00e1bban meg\u00e1llap\u00edtotta, hogy az Atractylodes macrocephala poliszacharidjai \u00e9s n-butanol komponensei (glikozidok) ter\u00e1pi\u00e1s hat\u00e1ssal vannak a l\u00e9phi\u00e1nyra. Ennek alapj\u00e1n ez a k\u00eds\u00e9rlet az els\u0151, amely a mitokondri\u00e1lis autof\u00e1gia szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l vizsg\u00e1lja az Atractylodes macrocephala hat\u00e9kony \u00f6sszetev\u0151inek a l\u00e9phi\u00e1nyt szab\u00e1lyoz\u00f3 mechanizmus\u00e1t, azzal a c\u00e9llal, hogy megalapozza az Atractylodes macrocephala racion\u00e1lis alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

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\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"A l\u00e9phi\u00e1ny klinikai diagn\u00f3zisa \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a t\u00fcneteken alapul. A l\u00e9phi\u00e1nyos betegek gyakran mutatnak olyan t\u00fcneteket, mint a cs\u00f6kkent \u00e9tv\u00e1gy, tompa hasi f\u00e1jdalom, f\u00e1radts\u00e1g \u00e9s hideg v\u00e9gtagok. Az \u00e9tv\u00e1gytalans\u00e1g a l\u00e9phi\u00e1nyos \u00e1llatokn\u00e1l tests\u00falycs\u00f6kken\u00e9sk\u00e9nt, a hasi f\u00e1jdalom p\u00faposs\u00e1gk\u00e9nt, a f\u00e1radts\u00e1g \u00e9s gyenges\u00e9g kedvetlens\u00e9gk\u00e9nt \u00e9s k\u00f6nny\u0171 f\u00e1radts\u00e1gk\u00e9nt, a hidegt\u0151l val\u00f3 f\u00e9lelem pedig \u00f6sszecsukl\u00e1sk\u00e9nt \u00e9s \u00f6sszeg\u00f6mb\u00f6ly\u00f6d\u00e9sk\u00e9nt jelentkezik. Ebben a k\u00eds\u00e9rletben a patk\u00e1nyok a modellez\u00e9s ut\u00e1n a fogy\u00e1s, a p\u00faposs\u00e1g, a kedvetlens\u00e9g \u00e9s a g\u00f6mb\u00f6ly\u00f6d\u00e9s jeleit mutatt\u00e1k, ami meger\u0151s\u00edtette a l\u00e9trehozott l\u00e9phi\u00e1nyos patk\u00e1nymodell sikeress\u00e9g\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

A mitokondri\u00e1lis autof\u00e1gia szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1si mechanizmusa \u00f6sszetett, \u00e9s t\u00f6bbf\u00e9le jel\u00e1tviteli \u00fatvonal k\u00f6zvet\u00edtheti a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 t\u00edpus\u00fa autof\u00e1gi\u00e1s folyamatokat. A PINK1\/Parkin jel\u00e1tviteli \u00fatvonal a mitokondriumokban a legelterjedtebb \u00e9s legjobban tanulm\u00e1nyozott autof\u00e1gia jel\u00e1tviteli \u00fatvonal. A PINK1 \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban nem kimutathat\u00f3 az eg\u00e9szs\u00e9ges mitokondriumokban, mivel a mitokondriumokba val\u00f3 bejut\u00e1s ut\u00e1n intramembr\u00e1n hidrol\u00e1zok (Parl) has\u00edtj\u00e1k, majd ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en ki\u00fcr\u00edtik. Amint az 5. \u00e1br\u00e1n l\u00e1that\u00f3, amikor a mitokondriumok k\u00e1rosodnak, a PINK1 mitokondri\u00e1lis \u00fatvonalba val\u00f3 bel\u00e9p\u00e9se a bels\u0151 membr\u00e1npotenci\u00e1l cs\u00f6kken\u00e9se miatt blokkolva van, folyamatosan felhalmoz\u00f3dik a mitokondriumok k\u00fcls\u0151 membr\u00e1nj\u00e1n, \u00e9s a parkint a k\u00e1rosodott mitokondriumba toborozza. A parkin egy E3 ubikvitin feh\u00e9rje lig\u00e1z, amely a PINK1 \u00e1ltal aktiv\u00e1lva k\u00e9pes a s\u00e9r\u00fclt mitokondri\u00e1lis membr\u00e1nfeh\u00e9rj\u00e9ket ubikvitin\u00e1lni. Felismeri a szelekt\u00edv autof\u00e1gia adaptor feh\u00e9rje, a p62, majd az autof\u00e1gi\u00e1val kapcsolatos feh\u00e9rj\u00e9hez, a mikrotubulushoz kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 feh\u00e9rje 1 k\u00f6nny\u0171 l\u00e1nc 3 (LC3) feh\u00e9rj\u00e9hez kapcsol\u00f3dik az autof\u00e1gosz\u00f3ma membr\u00e1nj\u00e1n, elind\u00edtva az autof\u00e1gi\u00e1t \u00e9s v\u00e9g\u00fcl lebontva a s\u00e9r\u00fclt mitokondriumokat. Ez a vizsg\u00e1lat meg\u00e1llap\u00edtotta, hogy a PINK1 \u00e9s a Parkin mRNS- \u00e9s feh\u00e9rjeszintje jelent\u0151sen megn\u0151tt a modellcsoportban, ami a s\u00e9r\u00fclt mitokondriumok jelenl\u00e9t\u00e9re utal. A PINK1\/Parkin \u00fatvonal aktiv\u00e1l\u00f3dott, de a k\u00e1rosodott mitokondriumokat a diszfunkci\u00f3 miatt lehet, hogy nem bontotta le az autof\u00e1gia. Az Atractylodes macrocephala poliszacharidjaival \u00e9s n-butanollal t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 kezel\u00e9st k\u00f6vet\u0151en a PINK1 \u00e9s a Parkin mRNS- \u00e9s feh\u00e9rjeszintje minden patk\u00e1nycsoportban cs\u00f6kkent, ami azt jelzi, hogy egyes s\u00e9r\u00fclt mitokondriumok lebomlottak \u00e9s az autof\u00e1gia \u00e1ltal ki\u00fcr\u00fcltek.<\/p>\n

A mitokondri\u00e1lis autof\u00e1gi\u00e1t sz\u00e1mos autof\u00e1gi\u00e1val kapcsolatos feh\u00e9rje szorosan szab\u00e1lyozza, ez\u00e9rt az autof\u00e1gia er\u0151ss\u00e9g\u00e9nek meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1ra gyakran haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k bizonyos kulcsfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa feh\u00e9rj\u00e9k expresszi\u00f3j\u00e1t, amelyek k\u00f6z\u00fcl az LC3 \u00e9s a p62 a kritikusabbak. Ha nem t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik autof\u00e1gia, az LC3 nagy r\u00e9sze a citoplazm\u00e1ban l\u00e9tezik LC3I form\u00e1j\u00e1ban. Amikor az autof\u00e1gia bek\u00f6vetkezik, az LC3 ubikvitin\u00e1ci\u00f3s m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1son megy kereszt\u00fcl, \u00e9s az autof\u00e1gosz\u00f3m\u00e1k felsz\u00edn\u00e9n l\u00e9v\u0151 foszfatidiletanolaminhoz k\u00f6t\u0151dik, \u00edgy az autof\u00e1gosz\u00f3m\u00e1k membr\u00e1nfelsz\u00edn\u00e9n elhelyezked\u0151 LC3II-t k\u00e9pez. Ez\u00e9rt az LC3II megjelen\u00e9se gyakran az autof\u00e1gia fontos markere. A p62 mint kulcsfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa szelekt\u00edv autof\u00e1gia-adapterfeh\u00e9rje k\u00e9pes az LC3II-hez k\u00f6t\u0151dni \u00e9s szubsztr\u00e1tk\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1lni a szelekt\u00edv autof\u00e1gia sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Amikor a lizosz\u00f3m\u00e1k \u00e9s az autofagosz\u00f3m\u00e1k a k\u00f6t\u0151d\u00e9si szakaszban vannak, a p62 donork\u00e9nt m\u0171k\u00f6dhet a lizosz\u00f3m\u00e1k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, \u00e9s ir\u00e1ny\u00edthatja az autofagosz\u00f3m\u00e1kat, hogy kapcsol\u00f3djanak hozz\u00e1juk, \u00e9s autoliszosz\u00f3m\u00e1kat k\u00e9pezzenek. V\u00e9g\u00fcl a szubsztr\u00e1tokat proteolitikus enzimek bontj\u00e1k le a lizosz\u00f3m\u00e1kban, \u00e9s a p62 ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en egy\u00fctt bomlik le. Az autof\u00e1gia \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a p62 cs\u00f6kken\u00e9s\u00e9vel j\u00e1r. Ebben a vizsg\u00e1latban megfigyelt\u00e9k, hogy az LC3II feh\u00e9rje expresszi\u00f3ja \u00e9s az LC3II\/I ar\u00e1ny a modellcsoportban szignifik\u00e1nsan alacsonyabb volt, mint a vak csoportban, ami azt jelzi, hogy az autof\u00e1gosz\u00f3ma-k\u00e9pz\u0151d\u00e9s a gyomor antr\u00e1lis sz\u00f6veti sejtekben korl\u00e1tozott a l\u00e9phi\u00e1ny sor\u00e1n. A p62 mRNS- \u00e9s feh\u00e9rjeszintj\u00e9nek n\u00f6veked\u00e9se az autof\u00e1gia aktivit\u00e1s g\u00e1tl\u00e1s\u00e1ra utal. Az Atractylodes macrocephala, Atractylodes macrocephala \u00e9s n-butanol poliszacharidok bead\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n az LC3 \u2160 LC3II-v\u00e9 t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 \u00e1talakul\u00e1sa minden patk\u00e1nycsoportban fokoz\u00f3dott, \u00e9s a p62 mRNS \u00e9s feh\u00e9rje szintje cs\u00f6kkent, ami az autof\u00e1gia szintj\u00e9nek n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9re utal. A transzmisszi\u00f3s elektronmikroszk\u00f3pos eredm\u00e9nyekkel \u00f6sszhangban a modellcsoport patk\u00e1nyainak mitokondri\u00e1lis szerkezete s\u00falyosan k\u00e1rosodott, \u00e9s nem volt megfigyelhet\u0151 autof\u00e1gikus strukt\u00fara, ami arra utal, hogy a k\u00e1rosodott autof\u00e1gi\u00e1s m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s a k\u00e1rosodott mitokondriumok felhalmoz\u00f3d\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezethetett. A bead\u00e1st k\u00f6vet\u0151en a mitokondriumok szerkezeti k\u00e1rosod\u00e1sa minden patk\u00e1nycsoportban cs\u00f6kkent, \u00e9s az autof\u00e1gikus lizosz\u00f3m\u00e1k sz\u00e1ma n\u0151tt. Ez\u00e9rt \u00fagy v\u00e9lj\u00fck, hogy a l\u00e9phi\u00e1ny a patk\u00e1nyok gyomor-antr\u00e1lis sz\u00f6vet\u00e9ben a mitokondriumok autof\u00e1gia funkci\u00f3j\u00e1nak k\u00e1rosod\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezet, m\u00edg az Atractylodes macrocephala \u00e9s az Atractylodes macrocephala poliszacharidjainak n-butanollal t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 adagol\u00e1sa el\u0151seg\u00edti az autof\u00e1gi\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

A mitokondri\u00e1lis autof\u00e1gia akad\u00e1lyozotts\u00e1g\u00e1t \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban reakt\u00edv oxig\u00e9nfajok (ROS) termel\u0151d\u00e9se k\u00eds\u00e9ri, \u00e9s az intracellul\u00e1ris ROS-szint n\u00f6veked\u00e9se oxidat\u00edv stresszt induk\u00e1l. Az oxidat\u00edv stressz megt\u00e1madja a mitokondri\u00e1lis membr\u00e1nt, ami a membr\u00e1npotenci\u00e1l cs\u00f6kken\u00e9s\u00e9hez, mitokondri\u00e1lis k\u00e1rosod\u00e1shoz \u00e9s funkcion\u00e1lis k\u00e1rosod\u00e1shoz vezet, ami viszont energiatermel\u00e9si hib\u00e1kat \u00e9s a ROS mennyis\u00e9g\u00e9nek n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9t v\u00e1ltja ki, \u00f6rd\u00f6gi k\u00f6rt hozva l\u00e9tre. A k\u00e1rosodott \u00e9s diszfunkcion\u00e1lis mitokondriumokat a mitokondri\u00e1lis autof\u00e1gia szelekt\u00edven ki\u00fcr\u00edti, ami seg\u00edt cs\u00f6kkenteni a ROS-termel\u00e9st \u00e9s megel\u0151zni a norm\u00e1l sejtek oxidat\u00edv k\u00e1rosod\u00e1s\u00e1t. A H2O2 a f\u0151 endog\u00e9n ROS a sejtekben, amely szinte minden oxidat\u00edv stresszor hat\u00e1s\u00e1ra keletkezhet, \u00e9s szabadon diffund\u00e1lhat a sejteken bel\u00fcl \u00e9s k\u00edv\u00fcl, egyens\u00falyhi\u00e1nyt okozva az oxidat\u00edv antioxid\u00e1ns rendszerben. Ez\u00e9rt ez a k\u00eds\u00e9rlet k\u00f6zvetve a ROS-szinteket \u00e9rt\u00e9keli a H2O2-tartalom kimutat\u00e1s\u00e1val. A kutat\u00e1si eredm\u00e9nyek azt mutatt\u00e1k, hogy a l\u00e9phi\u00e1nyos patk\u00e1nyokban cs\u00f6kkent a H2O2, a membr\u00e1npotenci\u00e1l \u00e9s az ATP szintje, ami a mitokondriumok k\u00e1rosodott m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9re utal. Az Atractylodes macrocephala poliszacharidokkal \u00e9s n-butanollal t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 kezel\u00e9s jelent\u0151sen jav\u00edtotta a mitokondriumok m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9t, ami a mitokondri\u00e1lis autof\u00e1gia el\u0151seg\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9vel \u00e9s a s\u00e9r\u00fclt mitokondriumok ki\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9nek fokoz\u00e1s\u00e1val \u00e9rhet\u0151 el.<\/p>\n

\u00d6sszefoglalva, felt\u00e9telezz\u00fck, hogy az Atractylodes macrocephala poliszacharidjai \u00e9s n-butanol komponensei szab\u00e1lyozhatj\u00e1k a l\u00e9phi\u00e1nyt az\u00e1ltal, hogy jav\u00edtj\u00e1k a gyomor antrum sz\u00f6vet\u00e9nek autof\u00e1gi\u00e1s rendelleness\u00e9geit \u00e9s helyre\u00e1ll\u00edtj\u00e1k a mitokondri\u00e1lis funkci\u00f3t. R\u00e1ad\u00e1sul a poliszacharidok \u00e9s az n-butanol komponensek a korp\u00e1val val\u00f3 kevert s\u00fct\u00e9s ut\u00e1n l\u00e9nyegesen hat\u00e9konyabbak, mint a nyers term\u00e9k.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The effects of polysaccharides from Atractylodes macrocephala and n-butanol on mitochondrial autophagy in spleen deficient rats Spleen deficiency is a common syndrome type in the differentiation of organs and viscera, usually manifested as emaciation, loss of appetite, epigastric pain, bloating, fatigue, pale complexion, loose stools, etc. Spleen deficiency indicates that the body is in a […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe effects of polysaccharides from Atractylodes macrocephala and n-butanol on mitochondrial autophagy in spleen deficient rats - China Chemical Manufacturer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/atractylodes-macrocephala\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The effects of polysaccharides from Atractylodes macrocephala and n-butanol on mitochondrial autophagy in spleen deficient rats - 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