{"id":4757,"date":"2024-08-04T15:22:59","date_gmt":"2024-08-04T15:22:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/?p=4757"},"modified":"2024-08-04T15:22:59","modified_gmt":"2024-08-04T15:22:59","slug":"citrus-peel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/citrus-heja\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00f3 vizsg\u00e1lat a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 termesztett fajt\u00e1k citrusf\u00e9l\u00e9k h\u00e9j\u00e1nak flavonoidtartalm\u00e1r\u00f3l \u00e9s antioxid\u00e1ns aktivit\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00d6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00f3 tanulm\u00e1ny a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 termesztett fajt\u00e1k citrusf\u00e9l\u00e9k h\u00e9j\u00e1nak flavonoidtartalm\u00e1r\u00f3l \u00e9s antioxid\u00e1ns aktivit\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l
\nA citrusf\u00e9l\u00e9k termeszt\u00e9se t\u00f6bb mint 4000 \u00e9ves m\u00faltra tekint vissza K\u00edn\u00e1ban. A Song-dinasztia idej\u00e9n t\u00f6bb tucat citrusfajta l\u00e9tezett. A \"Narancsjegyz\u00e9k\" feljegyezte: \"Nyolc citrusfajta van, k\u00f6zt\u00fck a cirmos \u00e9s a tejcitrus...; n\u00e9gy citrusfajta van, k\u00f6zt\u00fck a s\u00e1rga \u00e9s a cirmos. Az ut\u00f3bbi \u00e9vekben a citrusf\u00e9l\u00e9k gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcsh\u00fas\u00e1nak ehet\u0151 \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9re \u00e9s gazdas\u00e1gi haszn\u00e1ra t\u00f6rekedve sz\u00e1mos \u00faj citrusfajta termeszt\u00e9se jelent meg, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Ganping, a Qingjian \u00e9s a Mingmei. L\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy a citrusf\u00e9l\u00e9knek az \u00f3kort\u00f3l napjainkig t\u00f6bb fajta jellemz\u0151je volt, \u00e9s feljegyz\u00e9sek vannak arr\u00f3l is, hogy h\u00e9jukat gy\u00f3gyszerk\u00e9nt haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k. A Shennong Bencao Jing jegyezte fel el\u0151sz\u00f6r, hogy a mandarin h\u00e9ja a Rutaceae csal\u00e1dba tartoz\u00f3 sz\u00e9les h\u00e9j\u00fa citrusf\u00e9l\u00e9k nemzets\u00e9g\u00e9nek k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 termesztett fajt\u00e1inak h\u00e9j\u00e1b\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmazik. A K\u00ednai Gy\u00f3gyszerk\u00f6nyv 2020-as kiad\u00e1sa szerint a sz\u00e1r\u00edtott mandarinh\u00e9j kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1ban a mandarinh\u00e9j a Rutaceae n\u00f6v\u00e9ny Citrus reticulata Blanco \u00e9s termesztett fajt\u00e1inak sz\u00e1r\u00edtott \u00e9s \u00e9rett h\u00e9j\u00e1t jelenti. N\u00e9gy gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati c\u00e9l\u00fa citrusfajt\u00e1t k\u00fcl\u00f6n megeml\u00edtettek, nevezetesen a Chazhigan C retina 'Chachi' (sz\u00e1r\u00edtott mandarinh\u00e9j), Dahongpao C reticulata 'Dahongpao'\u3001 Wenzhou honey orange C. reticulata 'Unshui', Fu orange C reticulata 'Tangerina'\u3002 L\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy b\u00e1r t\u00f6bbf\u00e9le citrusfajta l\u00e9tezik, h\u00e9juk gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati \u00e9rt\u00e9ke elt\u00e9r\u0151. 2002-ben az Eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi Miniszt\u00e9rium kiadta az \"Eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi Miniszt\u00e9rium k\u00f6zlem\u00e9nye az eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi \u00e9lelmiszer-nyersanyagok kezel\u00e9s\u00e9nek tov\u00e1bbi szabv\u00e1nyos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l (51. sz.)\" c\u00edm\u0171 k\u00f6zlem\u00e9nyt, \u00e9s kiadta az \u00faj \"\u00c9lelmiszer \u00e9s gy\u00f3gyszerk\u00e9nt is haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 t\u00e9telek list\u00e1j\u00e1t\", amely el\u0151\u00edrta, hogy a narancsh\u00e9j kett\u0151s felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00fa anyag, amely \u00e9lelmiszer \u00e9s gy\u00f3gyszer. Napjainkban a citrusf\u00e9l\u00e9k h\u00e9ja, mint gy\u00f3gyszer \u00e9s \u00e9lelmiszer kett\u0151s felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00fa anyag, nemcsak a fajta kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1s\u00e1nak probl\u00e9m\u00e1j\u00e1val szembes\u00fcl. A citrusf\u00e9l\u00e9k term\u0151ter\u00fclet\u00e9nek n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9vel megjelent a citrusf\u00e9l\u00e9k feldolgoz\u00f3ipara, amely olyan mell\u00e9kterm\u00e9keket \u00e1ll\u00edt el\u0151, mint a gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcsh\u00e9j. Egyesek \"kevert mandarinh\u00e9j\" n\u00e9ven ker\u00fclnek forgalomba a piacon, m\u00edg m\u00e1sokat hullad\u00e9kk\u00e9nt eltemetnek. A k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 citrusf\u00e9l\u00e9k h\u00e9j\u00e1nak alkalmaz\u00e1si \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9re vonatkoz\u00f3 kutat\u00e1s elmarad, ami kaotikus alkalmaz\u00e1si helyzetet eredm\u00e9nyez, \u00e9s kiemelked\u0151 probl\u00e9ma a gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati \u00e9s ehet\u0151 kett\u0151s felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00fa \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00fck \u00e9sszer\u0171tlen \u00e9s el\u00e9gtelen hasznos\u00edt\u00e1sa.
\nA K\u00ednai Gy\u00f3gyszerk\u00f6nyv 2020-as kiad\u00e1s\u00e1nak Chenpi szakasza szerinti Chenpi gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati anyagok min\u0151s\u00e9gellen\u0151rz\u00e9se csak a heszperidin-tartalom hat\u00e1r\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9t hat\u00e1rozza meg, amely bizonyos korl\u00e1toz\u00e1sokkal rendelkezik. A flavonoidok, mint a citrusf\u00e9l\u00e9k h\u00e9j\u00e1nak egyik f\u0151 hat\u00f3anyaga, olyan farmakol\u00f3giai tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9gekkel rendelkeznek, mint a gl\u00fck\u00f3z- \u00e9s lipidanyagcsere jav\u00edt\u00e1sa, a sz\u00edv- \u00e9s \u00e9rrendszeri eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g v\u00e9delme, antioxid\u00e1ns, gyullad\u00e1scs\u00f6kkent\u0151 \u00e9s daganatellenes hat\u00e1s. Luo Meixia \u00e9s t\u00e1rsai kutat\u00e1sa kimutatta, hogy a naringin \u00e9s a heszperidin, amelyeknek magas \u00e9s jelent\u0151s k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9geket mutatnak a tartalmukban, mint t\u00f6bb indik\u00e1tor komponensek haszn\u00e1lata a mandarinh\u00e9j min\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9nek \u00e1tfog\u00f3 \u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9s\u00e9hez tudom\u00e1nyosabb \u00e9s \u00e1tfog\u00f3bb. Tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 a naringin \u00e9s a hesperidin az elh\u00edz\u00e1s megel\u0151z\u00e9s\u00e9ben, a v\u00e9rzs\u00edrok cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s\u00e9ben \u00e9s a gyullad\u00e1s elleni k\u00fczdelemben is szerepet j\u00e1tszik. B\u00e1r a vizsg\u00e1latok jelent\u0151s k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9geket mutattak ki a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 citrusf\u00e9l\u00e9k h\u00e9j\u00e1nak flavonoidtartalm\u00e1ban, a K\u00ednai Gy\u00f3gyszerk\u00f6nyv 2020-as kiad\u00e1s\u00e1nak Chenpi r\u00e9sz\u00e9ben meghat\u00e1rozott gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati fajt\u00e1kkal nem v\u00e9geztek \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00e1st. Ez\u00e9rt ez a tanulm\u00e1ny 9 f\u00e9le citrusf\u00e9l\u00e9k h\u00e9j\u00e1t vette kutat\u00e1si t\u00e1rgynak, meghat\u00e1rozta az \u00f6sszes flavonoidot, \u00e9s azonos\u00edtott 5 olyan flavonoidkomponenst, amelyek stabil k\u00e9miai tulajdons\u00e1gokkal, k\u00f6nny\u0171 extrakci\u00f3val \u00e9s elv\u00e1laszt\u00e1ssal, magas tartalommal \u00e9s egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171 biol\u00f3giai aktivit\u00e1ssal (Yunxiang pomelo h\u00e9j glikozid, hesperidin, \u00e9des narancs flavonoidok, Sichuan mandarin h\u00e9jkivonat \u00e9s mandarin h\u00e9jkivonat) \u00e9s antioxid\u00e1ns aktivit\u00e1ssal rendelkeznek. Klaszterelemz\u00e9st \u00e9s TOPSIS-elemz\u00e9st v\u00e9gezt\u00fcnk, hogy a citrusf\u00e9l\u00e9k h\u00e9j\u00e1nak gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati \u00e9s \u00e9tkez\u00e9si \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9nek \u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9s\u00e9hez n\u00e9mi t\u00e1mpontot ny\u00fajtsunk.<\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"
\nA Dahongpao Red Orange (DHP) teljes flavonoidtartalma \u00e9s antioxid\u00e1ns kapacit\u00e1sa nem k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u00f6tt jelent\u0151sen a Wenzhou Honey Orange (CLU), Ponkan (PK), Qingjian (QJ) \u00e9s Mingjian (MRJ) flavonoidtartalm\u00e1t\u00f3l, de a CLU \u00e9s a QJ hezperidin tartalma jelent\u0151sen magasabb volt, mint a DHP-\u00e9. Az \u00e9lelmiszeriparban a citrusf\u00e9l\u00e9k h\u00e9j\u00e1t er\u0151s antioxid\u00e1ns tulajdons\u00e1gai miatt sz\u00e1mos ter\u00fcleten haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a citrusf\u00e9l\u00e9k h\u00e9jakivonat\u00e1t term\u00e9szetes tart\u00f3s\u00edt\u00f3szerk\u00e9nt lehet haszn\u00e1lni sert\u00e9sh\u00fasok eset\u00e9ben, valamint antioxid\u00e1ns tulajdons\u00e1gokkal rendelkez\u0151 funkcion\u00e1lis \u00e9lelmiszerk\u00e9nt, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a citruszsel\u00e9. A gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati c\u00e9lokra nem haszn\u00e1lt CLU, PK, QJ \u00e9s MRJ mind felhaszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 term\u00e9szetes antioxid\u00e1ns-kivonat forr\u00e1sk\u00e9nt. A flavonoidokban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 hezperidin tartalma meghaladja a flavonoidtartalom 50%-j\u00e9t, \u00e9s olyan \u00e9lettani funkci\u00f3kkal rendelkezik, mint a gyullad\u00e1scs\u00f6kkent\u0151, antioxid\u00e1ns, antibakteri\u00e1lis \u00e9s a lipidanyagcsere szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1sa. A monomerek a leghat\u00e9konyabb antibakteri\u00e1lis szerek, amelyeket a SARS-CoV2 v\u00edrus lek\u00fczd\u00e9s\u00e9re haszn\u00e1lnak. Heszperidin transzderm\u00e1lis nanoformul\u00e1kat is kifejlesztettek a Pseudomonas aeruginosa kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9s heszperidin nanor\u00e9szecsk\u00e9ket a k\u00f6rnyezeti szerves szennyez\u0151 anyagok kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re. A k\u00eds\u00e9rleti eredm\u00e9nyek azt mutatj\u00e1k, hogy a CLU \u00e9s a QJ nyersanyagot szolg\u00e1ltathat a heszperidin kivon\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.
\nA klaszter h\u0151t\u00e9rk\u00e9p-elemz\u00e9s gyorsan \u00e9s \u00e1tfog\u00f3an azonos\u00edthatja \u00e9s oszt\u00e1lyozhatja a mint\u00e1kat az \u00f6sszetett adatok sz\u0171r\u00e9s\u00e9vel, kivon\u00e1s\u00e1val \u00e9s dimenzi\u00f3cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s\u00e9vel, valamint az eredm\u00e9nyek intuit\u00edv bemutat\u00e1s\u00e1val. Az entr\u00f3pias\u00falyos TOPSIS-m\u00f3dszer egy olyan t\u00f6bbkrit\u00e9riumos d\u00f6nt\u00e9selemz\u00e9si m\u00f3dszer, amelyet sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben alkalmaztak a hagyom\u00e1nyos k\u00ednai orvosl\u00e1s min\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9s\u00e9ben. E k\u00e9t m\u00f3dszer kombin\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val a gy\u00f3gyn\u00f6v\u00e9nyek min\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9nek tudom\u00e1nyosabb, \u00e1tfog\u00f3bb \u00e9s objekt\u00edvebb \u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9se val\u00f3s\u00edthat\u00f3 meg. A klaszterez\u0151 h\u0151t\u00e9rk\u00e9p-elemz\u00e9s eredm\u00e9nyei azt mutatt\u00e1k, hogy a narancsh\u00e9j 9 t\u00edpusa 3 kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1ba sorolhat\u00f3, \u00e9s az els\u0151 kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1ba tartoz\u00f3 mint\u00e1k (DHP, PK, AY38) min\u0151s\u00e9ge jobb volt, mint a m\u00e1sodik-harmadik kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1ba tartoz\u00f3 mint\u00e1k\u00e9. Ugyanakkor ez a tanulm\u00e1ny l\u00e9trehozott egy \u00e1tfog\u00f3 min\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9si modellt a Chenpi gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati anyagok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra az entr\u00f3pias\u00falyos TOPSIS m\u00f3dszer seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel. Az eredm\u00e9nyek azt mutatt\u00e1k, hogy a mint\u00e1k DHP \u00e9s PK \u00e1tfog\u00f3 pontsz\u00e1mai az els\u0151 k\u00e9t helyen \u00e1lltak, ami azt jelzi, hogy a min\u0151s\u00e9g\u00fck viszonylag j\u00f3 volt. A fenti elemz\u00e9si m\u00f3dszerek kombin\u00e1ltak \u00e9s kieg\u00e9sz\u00edtik egym\u00e1st, \u00e9s az elemz\u00e9si eredm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6lcs\u00f6n\u00f6sen meger\u0151s\u00edtik egym\u00e1st, ami \u00e1tfog\u00f3an \u00e9rt\u00e9kelheti a Chenpi gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati anyagok min\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t. Az \u00f6sszes flavonoidtartalom meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1nak eredm\u00e9nyei alapj\u00e1n a Dahongpao Red Orange (DHP) \u00f6sszes flavonoidtartalma jelent\u0151sen magasabb volt, mint az Ehime 38 (AY38), Chunjian (CJ), Wogan (WG) \u00e9s Ganping (GP) flavonoidtartalma (P<0,05), \u00e9s a PK \u00e9s DHP flavonoidok k\u00e9miai \u00f6sszet\u00e9tele \u00e9s antioxid\u00e1ns aktivit\u00e1sa hasonl\u00f3nak bizonyult, ami a gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati c\u00e9l\u00fa termeszt\u00e9si fajtak\u00e9nt val\u00f3 potenci\u00e1lj\u00e1ra utal, ami \u00f6sszhangban van az irodalmi kutat\u00e1si eredm\u00e9nyekkel.
\n\u00d6sszefoglalva, ez a tanulm\u00e1ny \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edtotta \u00e9s elemezte 9 citrusf\u00e9l\u00e9k h\u00e9j\u00e1nak flavonoidjainak k\u00e9miai \u00f6sszetev\u0151it \u00e9s antioxid\u00e1ns aktivit\u00e1s\u00e1t, \u00e9s meg\u00e1llap\u00edtotta, hogy a DHP, CLU, PK, QJ \u00e9s MRJ mind felhaszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 term\u00e9szetes antioxid\u00e1ns kivon\u00e1si forr\u00e1sk\u00e9nt. A CLU \u00e9s a QJ nyersanyagot szolg\u00e1ltatnak a heszperidin vegy\u00fcletek kivon\u00e1s\u00e1hoz, \u00e9s referenciak\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1lnak a citrusf\u00e9l\u00e9k h\u00e9j\u00e1b\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 mell\u00e9kterm\u00e9kek fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9hez. A PK \u00e9s a DHP flavonoidok k\u00e9miai \u00f6sszet\u00e9tele \u00e9s antioxid\u00e1ns aktivit\u00e1sa 9 k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 termesztett narancsh\u00e9jfajt\u00e1ban hasonl\u00f3, ami potenci\u00e1lisan felhaszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati c\u00e9l\u00fa termesztett fajtak\u00e9nt, \u00e9s referenciak\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1l a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 termesztett narancsh\u00e9jfajt\u00e1k vegyes felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1hoz a gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szatban. Ez a tanulm\u00e1ny azonban csak a flavonoid indik\u00e1torok tartalm\u00e1nak meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00f6sszpontos\u00edtott 9 termesztett narancsh\u00e9jfajt\u00e1ban, viszonylag kev\u00e9s komponenskateg\u00f3ri\u00e1val \u00e9s mintat\u00e9tellel. A k\u00e9s\u0151bbi kutat\u00e1sok sor\u00e1n a mintat\u00e9teleket n\u00f6velni lehet, \u00e9s az \u00f6sszetev\u0151k t\u00f6bb kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00e1t, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az alkaloidokat, poliszacharidokat \u00e9s ill\u00f3olajokat \u00e1tfog\u00f3an lehet elemezni a narancsh\u00e9j gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati \u00e9s \u00e9tkez\u00e9si \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9nek \u00e1tfog\u00f3bb \u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Comparative Study on the Content and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids in Citrus Peel of Different Cultivated Varieties Citrus has a cultivation history of more than 4000 years in China. In the Song Dynasty, there were dozens of varieties of citrus. The “Orange Record” recorded: “There are eight varieties of citrus, including vermilion and milk citrus…; […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nCComparative Study on the Content and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids in Citrus Peel of Different Cultivated Varieties - China Chemical Manufacturer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/citrus-heja\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"CComparative Study on the Content and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids in Citrus Peel of Different Cultivated Varieties - China Chemical Manufacturer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Comparative Study on the Content and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids in Citrus Peel of Different Cultivated Varieties Citrus has a cultivation history of more than 4000 years in China. 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