{"id":4431,"date":"2024-08-04T14:11:47","date_gmt":"2024-08-04T14:11:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/?p=4431"},"modified":"2024-08-04T14:11:47","modified_gmt":"2024-08-04T14:11:47","slug":"vitamin-b12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/vitamin-b12\/","title":{"rendered":"Mi az a B12-vitamin t\u00e1pl\u00e1lkoz\u00e1si c\u00e9l\u00fa d\u00fas\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mi a B12-vitamin<\/strong><\/p>\n

A B12-vitamin (cianokobalamin) egy v\u00edzben old\u00f3d\u00f3 vitamin, m\u00e1s n\u00e9ven cianokobalamin, m\u00e1s n\u00e9ven \u00e1llati feh\u00e9rjet\u00e9nyez\u0151, a cianokobalaminhoz hasonl\u00f3 hat\u00f3anyagokat tartalmaz\u00f3 vitaminok csoportj\u00e1nak \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos megnevez\u00e9se. Ez az egyetlen v\u00edzben old\u00f3d\u00f3 vitamin, amely f\u00e9mionokat tartalmaz, \u00e9s az esszenci\u00e1lis vitaminok k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik. A B12-vitamin szintetikus term\u00e9ke a cianokobalamin, amely a kobalamin disszoci\u00e1ci\u00f3ja sor\u00e1n keletkezik. Ez egy v\u00f6r\u00f6s krist\u00e1ly, amely nagyon stabil, \u00e9s \u00e9lelmiszer-d\u00fas\u00edt\u00e1sra \u00e9s t\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e9kkieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9sre haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k. A n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi sejtek nem k\u00e9pesek szintetiz\u00e1lni a B12-vitamint, ez\u00e9rt a legt\u00f6bb n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi \u00e9lelmiszer nem tartalmaz B12-vitamint, amely az \u00e1llati sz\u00f6vetekben koncentr\u00e1l\u00f3dik.<\/p>\n

A B12-vitamin \u00e9lettani funkci\u00f3i<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. N\u00f6velje a folsav felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1si ar\u00e1ny\u00e1t<\/strong>
\nA folsavval egy\u00fctt szintetiz\u00e1lja a metionint (homociszteinb\u0151l szintetiz\u00e1l\u00f3dik) \u00e9s a kolint, purinokat \u00e9s pirimidineket \u00e1ll\u00edt el\u0151 a cianokobalamin schengeni prekurzorok, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a metilkobalamin \u00e9s a B12 koenzim szint\u00e9zis\u00e9nek folyamat\u00e1ban, \u00e9s r\u00e9szt vesz sz\u00e1mos fontos vegy\u00fclet metil\u00e1l\u00e1si folyamat\u00e1ban. B12-vitamin-hi\u00e1nyban a metilcsoportok metil-tetrahidrofol\u00e1tb\u00f3l t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 \u00e1tvitele cs\u00f6kken, ami a folsavat egy nem el\u00e9rhet\u0151 form\u00e1v\u00e1 alak\u00edtja, \u00e9s folsavhi\u00e1nyhoz vezet.<\/p>\n

2. Az idegi mielin anyagcser\u00e9j\u00e9nek \u00e9s m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9nek fenntart\u00e1sa<\/strong>
\nA B12-vitamin hi\u00e1nya idegi rendelleness\u00e9geket, gerincvel\u0151-degener\u00e1ci\u00f3t okozhat, \u00e9s s\u00falyos pszichi\u00e1triai t\u00fcneteket okozhat. A B12-vitamin hi\u00e1nya perif\u00e9ri\u00e1s neuritiszhez vezethet. A B 12-vitamin-hi\u00e1ny korai jelei gyermekekn\u00e9l a rendellenes hangulat, a tompa kifejez\u00e9s, a lass\u00fa reakci\u00f3 \u00e9s v\u00e9g\u00fcl a v\u00e9rszeg\u00e9nys\u00e9g.<\/p>\n

3. El\u0151seg\u00edti a v\u00f6r\u00f6sv\u00e9rtestek fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00e9s \u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9t.<\/strong>
\n\u00c1talak\u00edtja a metilmalonylkoenzim A-t szukcinilkoenzim A-v\u00e1, \u00e9s r\u00e9szt vesz a trikarbonsavciklusban, amelyben a szukcinilkoenzim A a hemoglobin szint\u00e9zis\u00e9hez kapcsol\u00f3dik.<\/p>\n

4.<\/strong> A B12-vitamin r\u00e9szt vesz a dezoxiribonukleinsav (DNS) szint\u00e9zis\u00e9ben.<\/strong>, a zs\u00edrok, sz\u00e9nhidr\u00e1tok \u00e9s feh\u00e9rj\u00e9k anyagcser\u00e9j\u00e9t, \u00e9s n\u00f6veli a nukleinsavak \u00e9s feh\u00e9rj\u00e9k szint\u00e9zis\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

B12-vitamin-hi\u00e1nyos betegs\u00e9gek<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. A B12-vitamin-hi\u00e1ny gyakori okai<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Nem megfelel\u0151 bevitel, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul kr\u00f3nikus veget\u00e1ri\u00e1nusok;<\/p>\n

(2) Szerzett felsz\u00edv\u00f3d\u00e1si zavar, pl. pancreaticog\u00e9n, gyomor-, m\u00e1j- vagy enterog\u00e9n betegs\u00e9gek;<\/p>\n

(3) Fokozott B12-vitamin-sz\u00fcks\u00e9glet, pl. terhess\u00e9g, sz\u00fcl\u00e9s ut\u00e1ni id\u0151szak, galandf\u00e9rgek stb;<\/p>\n

(4) A B12-vitamin metabolikus l\u00e9pcs\u0151inek velesz\u00fcletett rendelleness\u00e9gei, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az endog\u00e9n faktorok velesz\u00fcletett hi\u00e1nya.<\/p>\n

(5) Farmakogenetikai: vizsg\u00e1latok szerint a sz\u00e1jon \u00e1t szedhet\u0151 metformin alacsonyabb sz\u00e9rum B12-vitamin-szintet eredm\u00e9nyez.<\/p>\n

2. A B12-vitamin-hi\u00e1ny gyakori betegs\u00e9gei<\/strong>
\nA B12-vitamin hi\u00e1nya els\u0151sorban a v\u00e9rben, az anyagcser\u00e9ben \u00e9s az idegrendszerben jelentkezik, ami hiperhomocisztein\u00e9mi\u00e1hoz (Hhcy), pernici\u00f3zus an\u00e9mi\u00e1hoz, szubakut kombin\u00e1lt degener\u00e1ci\u00f3hoz, ment\u00e1lis depresszi\u00f3hoz, metilmalonsavhi\u00e1nyhoz, vaszkul\u00e1ris demenci\u00e1hoz \u00e9s Alzheimer-k\u00f3rhoz vezethet.<\/p>\n

3. A B12-vitamin viszonylag alacsony toxicit\u00e1s\u00fa.<\/strong>
\nA napi 100\u03bcg-ig terjed\u0151 sz\u00e1jon \u00e1t t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 sz\u00e1jon \u00e1t t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 alkalmaz\u00e1sr\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 jelent\u00e9s szerint nem \u00e9szleltek jelent\u0151s k\u00e1ros hat\u00e1sokat.
\nMegjegyz\u00e9s: A B12-vitamin t\u00e1pl\u00e1lts\u00e1gi \u00e1llapota meghat\u00e1rozhat\u00f3 a sz\u00e9rum B12-vitamin-koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3, a sz\u00e9rum holotranszcobalamin II (holo Tc II), a sz\u00e9rum holok\u00f6t\u0151 cochineal, a sz\u00e9rum homocisztein \u00e9s metilmalonsav m\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9vel.<\/p>\n

Referenciabevitel \u00e9s \u00e9lelmiszerforr\u00e1sok<\/strong><\/p>\n

Az emberi szervezetnek nagyon kev\u00e9s B12-vitaminra van sz\u00fcks\u00e9ge. A B12-vitamin aj\u00e1nlott \u00e9trendi beviteli \u00e9rt\u00e9ke (RDA) 0,9 \u03bcg\/nap kora gyermekkorban \u00e9s 2,4 \u03bcg\/nap feln\u0151ttkorban, ami elegend\u0151 a lakoss\u00e1g 97,5% r\u00e9sz\u00e9nek sz\u00fcks\u00e9glet\u00e9nek kiel\u00e9g\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re. A terhes n\u0151k RDA-\u00e9rt\u00e9ke napi 6 \u03bcg, \u00e9s b\u00e1r az id\u0151sek RDA-\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9t nem emelt\u00e9k meg, \u0151k hajlamosak a B12-vitamin felsz\u00edv\u00f3d\u00e1si zavar\u00e1ra, \u00e9s aj\u00e1nlott n\u00f6velni a B12-vitaminnal d\u00fas\u00edtott \u00e9lelmiszerek vagy \u00e9trend-kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u0151k fogyaszt\u00e1s\u00e1t. A B12-vitaminra javasolt AI 2,4 \u03bcg\/nap feln\u0151ttek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n

Az \u00e9trendi B12-vitamin \u00e1llati eredet\u0171 \u00e9lelmiszerekb\u0151l sz\u00e1rmazik, a f\u0151 \u00e9lelmiszerforr\u00e1sok a h\u00fas, \u00e1llati bels\u0151s\u00e9gek, halak, baromfi, kagyl\u00f3k \u00e9s toj\u00e1s, kisebb mennyis\u00e9gben pedig a tej \u00e9s a tejterm\u00e9kek (1. t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat). A n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi \u00e9lelmiszerek l\u00e9nyeg\u00e9ben nem tartalmaznak B12-vitamint.<\/p>\n

1. t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat A kiv\u00e1lasztott \u00e9lelmiszerek B12-vitamin-tartalma (\u03bcg\/100g)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Megjegyz\u00e9s: Id\u00e9zi: Ensminger AH et al. 1989.American Encyclopedia of Food and Nutrition Selected (5) Food Composition.<\/p>\n

A B12-vitamin mint t\u00e1panyag-adal\u00e9kanyag mely \u00e9lelmiszerekben haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 fel<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What is Vitamin B12 Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) is a water-soluble vitamin also known as cyanocobalamin, also known as animal protein factor, is a general term for a group of vitamins containing active substances similar to cyanocobalamin. It is the only water-soluble vitamin that contains metal ions and is one of the essential vitamins. 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