{"id":3843,"date":"2024-08-03T08:19:59","date_gmt":"2024-08-03T08:19:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/?p=3843"},"modified":"2024-08-03T08:19:59","modified_gmt":"2024-08-03T08:19:59","slug":"astragaloside-iv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/astragaloside-iv\/","title":{"rendered":"Az asztragalozid IV v\u00e9d\u0151 hat\u00e1sa a nagy d\u00f3zis\u00fa S-ketamin \u00e1ltal kiv\u00e1ltott PC12 sejtk\u00e1rosod\u00e1sra"},"content":{"rendered":"

Az asztragalozid IV v\u00e9d\u0151 hat\u00e1sa a nagy d\u00f3zis\u00fa S-ketamin \u00e1ltal kiv\u00e1ltott PC12 sejtk\u00e1rosod\u00e1sra
\nVil\u00e1gszerte \u00e9vente t\u00f6bb milli\u00f3 csecsem\u0151t \u00e9s kisgyermeket altatnak \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos \u00e9rz\u00e9stelen\u00edt\u00e9sben. Sz\u00e1mos tanulm\u00e1ny kimutatta, hogy az egyszeri \u00e9s r\u00f6vid ideig tart\u00f3 altat\u00e1snak nincs k\u00e1ros hat\u00e1sa az idegrendszer fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9re, de a nagy d\u00f3zis\u00fa vagy ism\u00e9telt altat\u00f3szer-expoz\u00edci\u00f3 kognit\u00edv zavarokat \u00e9s neurol\u00f3giai fejl\u0151d\u00e9si rendelleness\u00e9geket okozhat. Az altat\u00f3szerek hat\u00e1sa a fejl\u0151d\u0151 agyra sz\u00e1mos sz\u00fcl\u0151 sz\u00e9les k\u00f6r\u0171 figyelm\u00e9t felkeltette.<\/p>\n

Az S-ketamin (SK) a ketamin S enantiomerje, \u00e9s az FDA 2019-ben hivatalosan enged\u00e9lyezte a s\u00falyos depresszi\u00f3 kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 adjuv\u00e1ns gy\u00f3gyszerk\u00e9nt. Gyermek- \u00e9s sz\u00fcl\u00e9szeti m\u0171t\u00e9tekn\u00e9l is gyakran alkalmazott \u00e9rz\u00e9stelen\u00edt\u0151. Aggaszt\u00f3, hogy \u00fagy t\u0171nik, az embereket csak az antidepressz\u00e1ns hat\u00e1sainak tanulm\u00e1nyoz\u00e1sa \u00e9rdekli, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy t\u00fal nagy figyelmet ford\u00edtan\u00e1nak a lehets\u00e9ges kock\u00e1zatokra, amelyeket okozhat. Egy nemr\u00e9giben k\u00e9sz\u00fclt tanulm\u00e1ny 962 SK-val kapcsolatos mell\u00e9khat\u00e1st elemzett, \u00e9s meg\u00e1llap\u00edtotta, hogy a n\u0151i betegekn\u00e9l, a nagy d\u00f3zis\u00fa SK-t kap\u00f3 betegekn\u00e9l \u00e9s a t\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r\u00f6s gy\u00f3gyszeres kezel\u00e9sben r\u00e9szes\u00fcl\u0151 betegekn\u00e9l nagyobb volt a mell\u00e9khat\u00e1sok el\u0151fordul\u00e1s\u00e1nak val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9ge. Ez\u00e9rt nagy jelent\u0151s\u00e9ggel b\u00edr az SK \u00e1ltal kiv\u00e1ltott idegk\u00e1rosod\u00e1s mechanizmus\u00e1nak felt\u00e1r\u00e1sa \u00e9s a megfelel\u0151 megk\u00fczd\u00e9si int\u00e9zked\u00e9sek megtal\u00e1l\u00e1sa mind a csecsem\u0151-, mind a feln\u0151tt aneszt\u00e9zia eset\u00e9ben.
\nAz Astragaloside IV (ASIV) az Astragalus membranaceus hagyom\u00e1nyos k\u00ednai gy\u00f3gyszerb\u0151l izol\u00e1lt egyik f\u0151 hat\u00f3anyaga. Vizsg\u00e1latok kimutatt\u00e1k, hogy farmakol\u00f3giai hat\u00e1sainak sz\u00e9les sk\u00e1l\u00e1ja van, bele\u00e9rtve a daganatellenes, gyullad\u00e1scs\u00f6kkent\u0151, antioxid\u00e1ns, antifibrotikus \u00e9s antiapoptotikus hat\u00e1sokat. Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl term\u00e9szetes neuroprotekt\u00edv hat\u00e1s\u00fanak bizonyult. Kev\u00e9s jelent\u00e9s sz\u00f3l azonban arr\u00f3l, hogy az ASIV k\u00e9pes-e enyh\u00edteni az altat\u00f3szerek \u00e1ltal okozott idegk\u00e1rosod\u00e1st. Ez\u00e9rt ez a tanulm\u00e1ny a gyakran haszn\u00e1lt idegsejtvonalat patk\u00e1ny mell\u00e9kvesek\u00e9reg-feh\u00e9rje-fehromocit\u00f3ma sejteket, nevezetesen a PC12 sejteket v\u00e1lasztotta ki az SK in vitro s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9si modellj\u00e9nek l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz, az ASIV neuroprotekt\u00edv hat\u00e1s\u00e1nak felt\u00e1r\u00e1s\u00e1hoz, \u00e9s referenci\u00e1t ny\u00fajt az SK racion\u00e1lis felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1hoz \u00e9s az ASIV \u00faj gy\u00f3gyszerek kifejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9hez.<\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"
\nAz altat\u00f3szerek neurotoxicit\u00e1sa mindig is aggodalommal t\u00f6lt\u00f6tte el a nemzetk\u00f6zi k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9get. Az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamok \u00c9lelmiszer- \u00e9s Gy\u00f3gyszer\u00fcgyi Hivatala \u00e9s a Nemzetk\u00f6zi Aneszteziol\u00f3giai Tanulm\u00e1nyoz\u00f3 Sz\u00f6vets\u00e9g k\u00f6z\u00f6s \u00fcl\u00e9st tartott, hogy megvitass\u00e1k a preklinikai kutat\u00e1sok szabv\u00e1nyos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak \u00e9s az altat\u00e1s okozta perinat\u00e1lis neurotoxicit\u00e1s jelent\u00e9si szabv\u00e1nyainak kialak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak fontoss\u00e1g\u00e1t, \u00e9s \u00faj m\u00f3dszerek alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1t javasolt\u00e1k az e ter\u00fcleten felmer\u00fcl\u0151 n\u00e9h\u00e1ny fontos k\u00e9rd\u00e9s megold\u00e1s\u00e1ra. Ami a ketamint illeti, a legt\u00f6bb altat\u00f3szert\u0151l elt\u00e9r\u0151en ez egy NMDA-receptor-antagonista. Az NMDA-receptorok gy\u00f3gyszeres blokkol\u00e1sa megv\u00e1ltoztathatja az agy fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9hez sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges excitatorikus-g\u00e1tl\u00f3 egyens\u00falyt, ami neurotoxicit\u00e1shoz vezethet. Vizsg\u00e1latok kimutatt\u00e1k, hogy a ketamin emberekben a mitokondri\u00e1lis apopt\u00f3zis \u00fatvonal\u00e1n kereszt\u00fcl id\u0151- \u00e9s d\u00f3zisf\u00fcgg\u0151 m\u00f3don neurotoxicit\u00e1st id\u00e9zhet el\u0151, m\u00edg az S-ketamin enantiomerje nem okoz hasonl\u00f3 mell\u00e9khat\u00e1sokat. Ez\u00e9rt felt\u00e9telezhet\u0151, hogy egy bizonyos koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3s k\u00fcsz\u00f6b\u00e9rt\u00e9k el\u00e9r\u00e9sekor az SK is aktiv\u00e1lhatja a mitokondri\u00e1lis apopt\u00f3zis \u00fatj\u00e1t \u00e9s sejt apopt\u00f3zist okozhat.
\nA mitokondriumok, mint a sejtek anyagcser\u00e9j\u00e9nek k\u00f6zpontja \u00e9s a redox egyens\u00faly f\u0151 szab\u00e1lyoz\u00f3ja, d\u00f6nt\u0151 szerepet j\u00e1tszanak a betegs\u00e9gek kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1ban \u00e9s fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9ben. A mitokondriumok \u00e1ltal k\u00f6zvet\u00edtett sz\u00e1mos \u00e9lettani reakci\u00f3 k\u00f6z\u00fcl az oxidat\u00edv stressz az egyik legfontosabb t\u00e9nyez\u0151 a mitokondri\u00e1lis apopt\u00f3zis \u00fatvonal aktiv\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ban, \u00e9s a t\u00falzott ROS az oxidat\u00edv stressz kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1nak anyagi alapja. A klinikai gyakorlatban \u00e1ltal\u00e1nosan haszn\u00e1lt anesztetikumok bizony\u00edtottan el\u0151seg\u00edtik vagy cs\u00f6kkentik az oxidat\u00edv stressz m\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9t. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az inhal\u00e1ci\u00f3s aneszt\u00e9zia, a sevoflur\u00e1n az intracellul\u00e1ris Ca2+koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3 n\u00f6vel\u00e9se, a ROS-szintek emelked\u00e9se \u00e9s a mitokondri\u00e1lis apopt\u00f3zis \u00fatvonalhoz kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 feh\u00e9rj\u00e9k, a Cleaved-Caspase-9, a Cytochrome C \u00e9s a Bax\/Bcl-2 expresszi\u00f3j\u00e1nak n\u00f6vel\u00e9se r\u00e9v\u00e9n id\u00e9zhet el\u0151 neuron\u00e1lis apopt\u00f3zist. A helyi \u00e9rz\u00e9stelen\u00edt\u0151 bupivakain aktiv\u00e1lja a ROS \u00e1ltal k\u00f6zvet\u00edtett autof\u00e1gi\u00e1t, ami k\u00e1rosodott autof\u00e1gia-\u00e1raml\u00e1shoz \u00e9s cs\u00f6kkent sejt\u00e9letk\u00e9pess\u00e9ghez vezet. A reakt\u00edv oxig\u00e9nfajok f\u00e9kez\u0151inek alkalmaz\u00e1sa azonban jelent\u0151sen visszaford\u00edthatja ezt az autof\u00e1gikus k\u00e1rosod\u00e1st. A mitokondri\u00e1lis \u00fatvonalon a ROS-tartalom n\u00f6veked\u00e9se a Bax \u00e9s a Bcl-2 relat\u00edv expresszi\u00f3s szintj\u00e9nek v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezet. A Bax aktiv\u00e1l\u00f3dik \u00e9s oligomeriz\u00e1l\u00f3dik a mitokondriumok k\u00fcls\u0151 membr\u00e1nj\u00e1n\u00e1l, majd specifikus molekul\u00e1khoz k\u00f6t\u0151dve megv\u00e1ltoztatja a mitokondriumok membr\u00e1npermeabilit\u00e1s\u00e1t. A citokr\u00f3m C ez\u00e9rt a mitokondriumokb\u00f3l a citoplazm\u00e1ba szabadul fel, apoptotikus testeket k\u00e9pezve olyan faktorokhoz k\u00f6t\u0151dik, mint az Apaf-1, \u00e9s a Pro-Caspase-9-et aktiv\u00e1lja a has\u00edt\u00e1shoz. A has\u00edtott kaszp\u00e1z-9 tov\u00e1bb aktiv\u00e1lja a downstream kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 apoptotikus faktorokat, el\u0151seg\u00edtve a sejt apopt\u00f3zis\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Az asztragalozid IV egy er\u0151s antioxid\u00e1ns tulajdons\u00e1gokkal rendelkez\u0151 term\u00e9szetes hat\u00f3anyag, \u00e9s a kutat\u00e1sok kimutatt\u00e1k, hogy egyes hat\u00e1sai szorosan kapcsol\u00f3dnak a mitokondriumokhoz. Az ASIV p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul el\u0151seg\u00edtheti a mitokondri\u00e1lis autof\u00e1gi\u00e1t, cs\u00f6kkentheti a s\u00e9r\u00fclt mitokondriumok felhalmoz\u00f3d\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s a mitokondri\u00e1lis reakt\u00edv oxig\u00e9nfajok keletkez\u00e9s\u00e9t. Liu \u00e9s munkat\u00e1rsai azt is meg\u00e1llap\u00edtott\u00e1k, hogy az ASIV-ek neuroprotekt\u00edv hat\u00e1st fejthetnek ki az alfa-szinukleinin, a mitokondriumok bels\u0151 membr\u00e1nj\u00e1ban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 \u00e9s az emberi agyban nagym\u00e9rt\u00e9kben kifejez\u0151d\u0151 feh\u00e9rje c\u00e9lpontjak\u00e9nt. L\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy az ASIV potenci\u00e1lisan alkalmas az altat\u00f3szerek \u00e1ltal okozott idegk\u00e1rosod\u00e1s kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re.
\nA fenti kutat\u00e1si eredm\u00e9nyek \u00e9s elemz\u00e9sek alapj\u00e1n ez a tanulm\u00e1ny in vitro k\u00eds\u00e9rletet v\u00e9gzett a mitokondri\u00e1lis apopt\u00f3zis \u00fatvonal\u00e1nak felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val, mint nyomravezet\u0151t a nagy d\u00f3zis\u00fa SK \u00e1ltal kiv\u00e1ltott idegk\u00e1rosod\u00e1s ASIV-vel t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re. Az SK \u00e9s az ASIV v\u00e9gs\u0151 k\u00eds\u00e9rleti koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t 450 \u03bc g\/mL, illetve 25 \u03bc mol\/l \u00e9rt\u00e9kben hat\u00e1roztuk meg CCK-8 vizsg\u00e1lat seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel. Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl a k\u00eds\u00e9rlet azt mutatta, hogy a nagy d\u00f3zis\u00fa SK-nak kitett PC12 sejtek nemcsak az apopt\u00f3zis sebess\u00e9g\u00e9nek \u00e9s ROS-tartalm\u00e1nak jelent\u0151s n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9t mutatt\u00e1k, hanem aktiv\u00e1lt\u00e1k a Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-9 \u00e9s Cytochrome C f\u0151 upstream molekul\u00e1kat is a mitokondri\u00e1lis apopt\u00f3zis \u00fatvonalban. Ez azt jelzi, hogy a nagy d\u00f3zis\u00fa SK apopt\u00f3zist induk\u00e1l a PC12 sejtekben a ROS \u00e1ltal k\u00f6zvet\u00edtett mitokondri\u00e1lis apopt\u00f3zis \u00fatvonal aktiv\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val. ASIV-kezel\u00e9s ut\u00e1n ezek az SK \u00e1ltal induk\u00e1lt v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok jelent\u0151sen g\u00e1toltak, ami azt mutatja, hogy az ASIV-nek bizonyos v\u00e9d\u0151 hat\u00e1sa van a PC12 sejtekre ebben a folyamatban.
\n\u00d6sszefoglalva, az asztragalozid IV enyh\u00edtheti a PC12 sejtek nagy d\u00f3zis\u00fa S-ketamin \u00e1ltal kiv\u00e1ltott k\u00e1rosod\u00e1st, \u00e9s mechanizmusa a mitokondri\u00e1lis apopt\u00f3zis \u00fatvonal\u00e1nak g\u00e1tl\u00e1s\u00e1hoz kapcsol\u00f3dhat.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Az asztragalozid IV v\u00e9d\u0151 hat\u00e1sa a nagy d\u00f3zis\u00fa S-ketamin \u00e1ltal kiv\u00e1ltott PC12-sejtk\u00e1rosod\u00e1sra Csecsem\u0151k \u00e9s kisgyermekek milli\u00f3i r\u00e9szes\u00fclnek \u00e9vente \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos \u00e9rz\u00e9stelen\u00edt\u00e9sben vil\u00e1gszerte. Sz\u00e1mos tanulm\u00e1ny kimutatta, hogy az egyszeri \u00e9s r\u00f6vid t\u00e1v\u00fa altat\u00e1snak nincs k\u00e1ros hat\u00e1sa az idegrendszer fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9re, de a nagy d\u00f3zis\u00fa vagy ism\u00e9telt altat\u00f3szer-expoz\u00edci\u00f3 [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nProtective effect of Astragaloside IV on high-dose S-ketamine induced PC12 cell injury - China Chemical Manufacturer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/astragaloside-iv\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Protective effect of Astragaloside IV on high-dose S-ketamine induced PC12 cell injury - China Chemical Manufacturer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Protective effect of Astragaloside IV on high-dose S-ketamine induced PC12 cell injury Millions of infants and young children worldwide receive general anesthesia every year. 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