{"id":3394,"date":"2024-05-07T08:40:40","date_gmt":"2024-05-07T08:40:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pharm.sinocurechem.com\/?p=3313"},"modified":"2024-05-07T08:40:40","modified_gmt":"2024-05-07T08:40:40","slug":"unveiling-the-power-of-alpha-pinene-natures-gift-transforms-industries-and-health-landscapes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/az-alfa-pinene-erejenek-felfedezese-a-termeszet-ajandeka-atalakitja-az-iparagakat-es-az-egeszsegugyi-tajkepeket\/","title":{"rendered":"Az alfa-pinene erej\u00e9nek felt\u00e1r\u00e1sa: A term\u00e9szet aj\u00e1nd\u00e9ka \u00e1talak\u00edtja az ipar\u00e1gakat \u00e9s az eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi t\u00e1jk\u00e9pet!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Az alfa-pinene erej\u00e9nek felt\u00e1r\u00e1sa: A term\u00e9szet aj\u00e1nd\u00e9ka \u00e1talak\u00edtja az ipar\u00e1gakat \u00e9s az eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi t\u00e1jk\u00e9pet!<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

A<\/span><\/span><\/b>lpha-<\/span><\/b>P<\/span><\/span><\/b>inene<\/span><\/b> <\/b>CAS <\/span><\/span><\/b>2437-95-8<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

A pinen a tel\u00edtetlen biciklikus monoterp\u00e9nek sorozata. A term\u00e9szetben a pinennek k\u00e9t geometriai izomerje l\u00e9tezik: \u03b1-pinen \u00e9s \u03b2-pinen. Mindk\u00e9t izomer kir\u00e1lis. Ahogy a neve is mutatja, a pinen a feny\u0151f\u00e1kban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3. Pontosabban a pinen a t\u0171level\u0171ek foly\u00e9kony kivonat\u00e1nak f\u0151 \u00f6sszetev\u0151je. A pinene sz\u00e1mos nem t\u0171level\u0171 n\u00f6v\u00e9nyben is megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a k\u00e1mforfeny\u0151ben (Heterotheca) \u00e9s a nagy zs\u00e1lyabokorban (Artemisia tridentata).<\/span><\/p>\n

Az \u03b1-pinen egy terp\u00e9n szerves vegy\u00fclet. A pinen k\u00e9t izomerj\u00e9nek egyike, a m\u00e1sik a \u03b2-pinen. Ez egy reakt\u00edv n\u00e9gytag\u00fa gy\u0171r\u0171t tartalmaz\u00f3 olefin. Sz\u00e1mos t\u0171level\u0171 fafaj, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a feny\u0151 \u00e9s a feny\u0151 olaj\u00e1ban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3. A rozmaring (Rosmarinus officinalis) \u00e9s a Satureja myrtifolia (egyes ter\u00fcleteken Zoufa n\u00e9ven is ismert) ill\u00f3olaj\u00e1ban is megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3. A term\u00e9szetben k\u00e9t enantiomerje ismert; az (1S,5S)- vagy (-)-\u03b1-pinen az eur\u00f3pai feny\u0151kben gyakoribb, m\u00edg az (1R,5R)- vagy (+)-\u03b1 izomer \u00c9szak-Amerik\u00e1ban gyakoribb. Az enantiomerek rac\u00e9m kever\u00e9kei megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k bizonyos olajokban, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az eukaliptuszolajban \u00e9s a narancsh\u00e9jolajban.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0<\/span>ALPHA<\/span><\/b>-PINENE K\u00e9miai tulajdons\u00e1gok<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

K\u00e9miai k\u00e9plet: C10H16<\/span><\/p>\n

Mol\u00e1ris t\u00f6meg: 136,238 g-mol-1<\/span><\/p>\n

Megjelen\u00e9s: Sz\u00edntelen, \u00e1tl\u00e1tsz\u00f3 folyad\u00e9k<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0171r\u0171s\u00e9g: 0,858 g\/ml (folyad\u00e9k 20 \u00b0C-on)<\/span><\/p>\n

Olvad\u00e1spont: -62,80 \u00b0C; -81,04 \u00b0F; 210,35 K[1].<\/span><\/p>\n

Forr\u00e1spont: 156,85 \u00b1 4,00 \u00b0C; 314,33 \u00b1 7,20 \u00b0F; 430,00 \u00b1 4,00 K[1] .<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00edzben oldhat\u00f3s\u00e1g: V\u00edzben oldhat\u00f3s\u00e1g: Nagyon alacsony<\/span><\/p>\n

Oldhat\u00f3s\u00e1g ecetsavban: keverhet\u0151<\/span><\/p>\n

Oldhat\u00f3s\u00e1g etanolban: keverhet\u0151<\/span><\/p>\n

Oldhat\u00f3s\u00e1g acetonban: keverhet\u0151<\/span><\/p>\n

Kir\u00e1lis forg\u00e1s ([\u03b1]D): -50,7\u00b0 (1S,5S-pinen)<\/span><\/p>\n

Olvad\u00e1spont\uff1a<\/span>-55 \u00b0C<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Forr\u00e1spont\uff1a<\/span>155-156 \u00b0C(lit.)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

s\u0171r\u0171s\u00e9g\uff1a<\/span>0,858 g\/ml 25 \u00b0C-on (lit.)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

t\u00f6r\u00e9smutat\u00f3\uff1a<\/span>n20\/D 1.465(lit.)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Fp\uff1a<\/span>90 \u00b0F<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dielektromos \u00e1lland\u00f3\uff1a<\/span>2.6<\/span>\uff08<\/span>25\u2103<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Az \u03b1-pinene szobah\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleten sz\u00edntelen, \u00e1tl\u00e1tsz\u00f3 folyad\u00e9k, ill\u00e9kony, v\u00edzben nem old\u00f3dik, k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges biciklikus kett\u0151s k\u00f6t\u00e9sszerkezetet tartalmaz, j\u00f3 biol\u00f3giai aktivit\u00e1ssal \u00e9s egyed\u00fcl\u00e1ll\u00f3 reakci\u00f3v\u00e1ltozattal rendelkezik. A k\u00e9miai \u00e9s l\u00e9gk\u00f6ri k\u00e9mia ter\u00fclet\u00e9n a k\u00e1mfor, j\u00e9gcsap, kolofil, f\u0171szer, gyanta \u00e9s m\u00e1s k\u00e9miai term\u00e9kek szint\u00e9zis\u00e9nek egyik fontos alapanyaga.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0<\/span>Reaktivit\u00e1s<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Az \u03b1-pinen fontos kereskedelmi forgalomban kaphat\u00f3 sz\u00e1rmaz\u00e9kai a linalool, a geraniol, a nerol, az a-pinen \u00e9s a k\u00e1mf\u00e9n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Az \u03b1-pinen 1 az alk\u00e9nnel szomsz\u00e9dos n\u00e9gytag\u00fa gy\u0171r\u0171 jelenl\u00e9te miatt akt\u00edv. Ez a vegy\u00fclet hajlamos a v\u00e1zas \u00e1trendez\u0151d\u00e9sekre, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Wagner-Melwein \u00e1trendez\u0151d\u00e9sre. A savak \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban \u00e1trendez\u0151d\u00e9si term\u00e9kekhez vezetnek. Koncentr\u00e1lt k\u00e9nsav \u00e9s etanol adja a f\u0151 term\u00e9keket, a pinakol 2-t \u00e9s annak \u00e9ter\u00e9t (3), m\u00edg a j\u00e9gecetsav a megfelel\u0151 acet\u00e1tot (4). H\u00edg savak haszn\u00e1lata eset\u00e9n a terp\u00e9nhidr\u00e1t 5 lesz a f\u0151 term\u00e9k.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alacsony h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleten, dietil-\u00e9ter jelenl\u00e9t\u00e9ben, egy m\u00f3legyen\u00e9rt\u00e9k v\u00edzmentes HCl seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel egy egyszer\u0171 6a add\u00edci\u00f3s term\u00e9k \u00e1ll\u00edthat\u00f3 el\u0151, amely azonban nagyon instabil. Szobah\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleten vagy \u00e9ter hi\u00e1ny\u00e1ban a f\u0151 term\u00e9k a benzil-klorid 6b, \u00e9s kisebb m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben a r\u00e9paklorid 6c. A 6b-t (m\u00e1s n\u00e9ven \"mesters\u00e9ges k\u00e1mfor\") sok\u00e1ig \"pinen-hidroklorid\"-k\u00e9nt emlegett\u00e9k, am\u00edg ki nem mutatt\u00e1k, hogy azonos a k\u00e1mfarb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 kl\u00f3rb\u00f3r\u00e1nnal. Ha t\u00f6bb s\u00f3savat haszn\u00e1lunk, a nem kir\u00e1lis 7 (dipent\u00e9n-hidroklorid) \u00e9s n\u00e9mi 6b lesz a f\u0151 term\u00e9k. A nitrozil-klorid b\u00e1zis jelenl\u00e9t\u00e9ben a 8-as oximot eredm\u00e9nyezi, amely \"pinaminn\u00e1\" reduk\u00e1l\u00f3dik.9 Mind a 8-as, mind a 9-es stabil, \u00e9p n\u00e9gytag\u00fa gy\u0171r\u0171t tartalmaz\u00f3 vegy\u00fcletek, \u00e9s ezek a vegy\u00fcletek nagy seg\u00edts\u00e9get jelentettek a pinenv\u00e1z e fontos \u00f6sszetev\u0151j\u00e9nek meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1ban.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aerob oxid\u00e1ci\u00f3s k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a f\u0151 oxid\u00e1ci\u00f3s term\u00e9kek a pinen-oxid, a veratrol-peroxid, a veratrol \u00e9s a verbenon.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0<\/span>Szerep a l\u00e9gk\u00f6rben<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

A monoterp\u00e9nek, amelyek k\u00f6z\u00fcl az \u03b1-pinen az egyik f\u0151 faj, nagy mennyis\u00e9gben szabadulnak fel a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyzetb\u0151l, \u00e9s ezeket a kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1sokat a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet \u00e9s a f\u00e9nyintenzit\u00e1s befoly\u00e1solja. A l\u00e9gk\u00f6rben az \u03b1-pin\u00e9n \u00f3zonnal, hidroxilgy\u00f6k\u00f6kkel vagy NO3-gy\u00f6k\u00f6kkel reag\u00e1lva[teljes id\u00e9zetts\u00e9g sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges] alacsony ill\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00fa anyagokat hoz l\u00e9tre, amelyek r\u00e9szben kondenz\u00e1l\u00f3dnak a megl\u00e9v\u0151 aeroszolokon, \u00edgy m\u00e1sodlagos szerves aeroszolok j\u00f6nnek l\u00e9tre. Ezt sz\u00e1mos laborat\u00f3riumi k\u00eds\u00e9rletben bizony\u00edtott\u00e1k monoterp\u00e9nekkel \u00e9s szeszkviterp\u00e9nekkel. Az \u03b1-pinen egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en azonos\u00edtott term\u00e9kei a pinaldehid, az n-pinaldehid, a pin\u00e9nsav, a pin\u00e9nsav \u00e9s a pinolsav.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

4.\u00a0<\/span>\u03b2-pinen felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1sa \u00e9s szint\u00e9zism\u00f3dszerek<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

A.\u00a0<\/span>Daganatellenes hat\u00e1s<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Zhang Z et al. Az \u03b1-pinene nem kissejtes t\u00fcd\u0151r\u00e1kra gyakorolt hat\u00e1s\u00e1nak vizsg\u00e1lata sor\u00e1n az \u03b1-pinene szinergikusan kezelte az A549 sejteket paclitaxellel, ami a kombin\u00e1lt gy\u00f3gyszeres kezel\u00e9s m\u00f3dszer\u00e9vel n\u00f6velheti a paclitaxel hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1t a tumorok elnyom\u00e1sa ter\u00e9n. Az eredm\u00e9nyek azt mutatt\u00e1k, hogy az \u03b1-pinen k\u00e9pes volt jelent\u0151sen el\u0151seg\u00edteni a tumorsejtek apopt\u00f3zis\u00e1t. Ez f\u0151k\u00e9nt a paclitaxellel egy\u00fctt adagolt szinergista hat\u00e1snak volt k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151. A mechanizmus tov\u00e1bbi vizsg\u00e1lata azt mutatta, hogy az \u03b1-pinen paclitaxellel kombin\u00e1ci\u00f3ban alkalmazva k\u00e9pes volt a G0\/G1 f\u00e1zisban l\u00e9v\u0151 sejtek ar\u00e1ny\u00e1nak jelent\u0151s n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9t el\u0151id\u00e9zni, \u00e9s a sejtek morfol\u00f3giai jellemz\u0151iben is v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok k\u00f6vetkeztek be, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a kromatin szekvenci\u00f3j\u00e1ban \u00e9s a sejtmag fragment\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1ban bek\u00f6vetkez\u0151 v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok, hogy a tumorsejtekben apopt\u00f3zist id\u00e9zzen el\u0151.<\/span><\/p>\n

B.\u00a0<\/span>Gombaellenes hat\u00e1s<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

A Candida albicans sejtfala f\u0151k\u00e9nt kitinb\u0151l, gl\u00fck\u00f3zb\u00f3l \u00e9s mann\u00e1nb\u00f3l \u00e1ll, a sejtmembr\u00e1n k\u00e9miai \u00f6sszet\u00e9tele f\u0151k\u00e9nt ergoszterin, a nukleinsav pedig f\u0151k\u00e9nt DNS \u00e9s kis mennyis\u00e9g\u0171 RNS. ezen \u00f6sszetev\u0151k szint\u00e9zise a bakt\u00e9riumsejtek elhal\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezethet. Xia Zhongdi et al. a tanulm\u00e1ny meg\u00e1llap\u00edtotta, hogy az \u03b1-pinene a Candida albicans sejtfal\u00e1n a butil, poliszacharid szint\u00e9zis, az ergoszterin szint\u00e9zise a sejtmembr\u00e1nban \u00e9s a DNS \u00e9s RNS nukleinsavak szint\u00e9zis\u00e9nek nyilv\u00e1nval\u00f3 g\u00e1tl\u00f3 hat\u00e1sa van, bele\u00e9rtve az ergoszterin szint\u00e9zis\u00e9nek g\u00e1tl\u00e1s\u00e1t is.Pichette A \u00e9s m\u00e1s tanulm\u00e1nyok is meg\u00e1llap\u00edtott\u00e1k, hogy az \u03b1-pinene gyullad\u00e1scs\u00f6kkent\u0151, antibakteri\u00e1lis, antioxid\u00e1ns hat\u00e1s\u00fa.<\/span><\/p>\n

C.\u00a0<\/span>Anti-allergi\u00e1s \u00e9s jav\u00edtja a fek\u00e9lyek szerep\u00e9t<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Nam SY et al. vizsg\u00e1lat az \u03b1-pinene g\u00e1tl\u00f3 hat\u00e1s\u00e1t az allergi\u00e1s rhinitis egerek, meg\u00e1llap\u00edtotta, hogy a l\u00e9pi limfocita IL-4 expresszi\u00f3 cs\u00f6kkent, orrny\u00e1lkah\u00e1rtya az IgE, \u03b1-TNF, ICAM-1 \u00e9s a makrof\u00e1g gyullad\u00e1sos feh\u00e9rje-2 cs\u00f6kkent. Az egerekben in vivo megn\u00f6vekedett eozinofilek \u00e9s h\u00edz\u00f3sejtek szint\u00e9n jelent\u0151sen cs\u00f6kkentek az \u03b1-pinen kezel\u00e9s ut\u00e1n. Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl az \u03b1-pinene HMC-1 hum\u00e1n h\u00edz\u00f3sejtvonalra gyakorolt hat\u00e1s\u00e1t vizsg\u00e1l\u00f3 vizsg\u00e1latban az \u03b1-pinene g\u00e1tolta a foszforil\u00e1lt RIP2, IKK-\u03b2, NF-\u03baB \u00e9s kaszp\u00e1z-1 aktivit\u00e1s\u00e1t a szenzitiz\u00e1ci\u00f3t k\u00f6vet\u0151en. Ez\u00e9rt az \u03b1-pinene antiallergi\u00e1s hat\u00f3anyagnak tekinthet\u0151.<\/span><\/p>\n

A fek\u00e9lyek javul\u00e1s\u00e1nak vizsg\u00e1lat\u00e1ban Pinheiro Mde A et al. olajjal kivont \u03b1-pinene kezelt gyomorfek\u00e9lyt egerekben, \u00e9s meg\u00e1llap\u00edtotta, hogy az \u03b1-pinene jelent\u0151s fek\u00e9lyellenes aktivit\u00e1st mutat.<\/span><\/p>\n

5.\u00a0<\/span>Tulajdons\u00e1gok \u00e9s felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1sok<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Az \u03b1-pinene nagym\u00e9rt\u00e9kben biohasznos\u00edthat\u00f3, 60% t\u00fcd\u0151felv\u00e9tellel \u00e9s gyors metabolizmussal vagy \u00fajraeloszt\u00e1ssal. Az \u03b1-Pinene a PGE1-en kereszt\u00fcl gyullad\u00e1scs\u00f6kkent\u0151 \u00e9s val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg antimikrobi\u00e1lis hat\u00e1ssal rendelkezik. Acetilkolin-\u00e9szter\u00e1z g\u00e1tl\u00f3 hat\u00e1s\u00fa, \u00e9s hasznos lehet a mem\u00f3ria szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l. Antimikrobi\u00e1lis szerk\u00e9nt is haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k. Acetilkolin-\u00e9szter\u00e1z g\u00e1tl\u00f3 hat\u00e1ssal rendelkezik \u00e9s seg\u00edti a mem\u00f3ri\u00e1t. A (-)-\u03b1-pinenol a camphenolhoz, veratrolhoz \u00e9s pinenolhoz hasonl\u00f3an a GABAA-receptorok pozit\u00edv modul\u00e1tora. A benzodiazepinek k\u00f6t\u0151hely\u00e9n hat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Az \u03b1-pinene az alapja a CB2 ligandumok, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a HU-308 bioszint\u00e9zis\u00e9nek.<\/span><\/p>\n

Az \u03b1-pinen a kannabisz n\u00f6v\u00e9nyben tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 sz\u00e1mos terp\u00e9n \u00e9s terpenoid egyike. Ezek a vegy\u00fcletek nagy mennyis\u00e9gben megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k a k\u00e9sz sz\u00e1r\u00edtott kannabiszvir\u00e1g-k\u00e9sz\u00edtm\u00e9nyekben is, amelyeket \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban marihu\u00e1na n\u00e9ven ismer\u00fcnk. A tud\u00f3sok \u00e9s kannabisz-szak\u00e9rt\u0151k sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben \u00fagy v\u00e9lik, hogy ezek a terp\u00e9nek \u00e9s terpenoidok nagy hat\u00e1ssal vannak az egyes kannabiszn\u00f6v\u00e9nyek egyedi \"karakter\u00e9re\" vagy \"szem\u00e9lyis\u00e9g\u00e9re\". k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen az \u03b1-pinenr\u0151l \u00fagy v\u00e9lik, hogy cs\u00f6kkenti a mem\u00f3riazavarokat, amelyek gyakran a THC egyik mell\u00e9khat\u00e1sa. [id\u00e9zet sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges] Val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171, hogy az alfa-pinennek az\u00e9rt van ilyen hat\u00e1sa, mert acetilkolin-\u00e9szter\u00e1z g\u00e1tl\u00f3, amely a vegy\u00fcletek egy olyan csoportja, amelyr\u0151l ismert, hogy seg\u00edti a mem\u00f3ri\u00e1t \u00e9s n\u00f6veli az \u00e9bers\u00e9get.<\/span><\/p>\n

Az alfa-pinene jelent\u0151sen hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rul a kannabiszfajt\u00e1k, -fajt\u00e1k \u00e9s -fajt\u00e1k sz\u00e9les sk\u00e1l\u00e1j\u00e1nak sz\u00e1mos k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151, jellegzetes szagjellemz\u0151j\u00e9hez is.<\/span><\/p>\n

A pinen (k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen az \u03b1) a terpentin, a term\u00e9szetb\u0151l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 old\u00f3szer \u00e9s \u00fczemanyag f\u0151 \u00f6sszetev\u0151je.<\/span><\/p>\n

Megvizsg\u00e1lt\u00e1k a pinene bio\u00fczemanyagk\u00e9nt val\u00f3 felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t szikragy\u00fajt\u00e1s\u00fa motorokban. Tanulm\u00e1nyok kimutatt\u00e1k, hogy a pinen dimer f\u0171t\u0151\u00e9rt\u00e9ke a JP-10 sug\u00e1rhajt\u00f3m\u0171 \u00fczemanyag\u00e9hoz hasonl\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

6.\u00a0<\/span>Bioszint\u00e9zis<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Mind az \u03b1-pinene, mind a \u03b2-pinene a geranil-pirifoszf\u00e1t linalil-pirifoszf\u00e1ton kereszt\u00fcl t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 cikliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val keletkezik, amit a karbokation-egyen\u00e9rt\u00e9kb\u0151l t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 protonveszt\u00e9s k\u00f6vet. A Georgia Tech \u00e9s a Joint Bioenergy Institute kutat\u00f3i egy bakt\u00e9rium seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel szintetiz\u00e1lt\u00e1k a pineint.<\/span><\/p>\n

7.\u00a0<\/span>\u00c1ttekint\u00e9s<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

A \u03b2-pinen egy biciklikus monoterp\u00e9n. Az \u03b1-pinen izomerje, a terpentin egyik f\u0151 \u00f6sszetev\u0151je. Tartalma fajt\u00f3l f\u00fcgg\u0151en v\u00e1ltozik, a nedves feny\u0151terpentinolajban (Ji'an, Jiangxi, K\u00edna) 28% \u00e9s 35% k\u00f6z\u00f6tt v\u00e1ltozik. Relat\u00edv molekulat\u00f6mege 136, molekul\u00e1ris k\u00e9plete C10H16. ciklobut\u00e1n, izopropil \u00e9s extraciklikus kett\u0151s k\u00f6t\u00e9ssel rendelkez\u0151 molekula. K\u00e9miai tulajdons\u00e1gai hasonl\u00f3ak az \u03b1-pinenhez. Sz\u00edntelen folyad\u00e9k, s\u0171r\u0171s\u00e9ge (20 \u2103) 0,8712, forr\u00e1spontja 162 ~ 163 \u2103. T\u00f6r\u00e9smutat\u00f3 (20 \u2103) 1,4787, spin (20 \u2103) (etanolban) -22,44 \u2103. Felhaszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 linalool, nerol, geraniol, lauril-alkohol \u00e9s \u00e9szterei, nopf-alkohol, nopf-acet\u00e1t, citr\u00e1l, ibolyaketon, citronellol \u00e9s aldehidek, hidroxicitronell\u00e1l \u00e9s \u00e9szterei, neobelladonna-aldehid, neobelladonna-nitril, s\u00e1rk\u00e1ny sz\u00fclet\u00e9sk\u0151, terp\u00e9ngyant\u00e1k stb. szint\u00e9zis\u00e9re. A f\u0171szerek \u00e9s arom\u00e1k szint\u00e9zis\u00e9nek fontos nyersanyaga is.<\/span><\/p>\n

El\u0151k\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9s<\/span><\/p>\n

a.\u00a0<\/span>A nagy tisztas\u00e1g\u00fa \u03b2-pinen el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si m\u00f3dszere a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 l\u00e9p\u00e9seket tartalmazza:<\/span><\/p>\n

a)\u00a0<\/span>Adjunk terpentint a reakci\u00f3ed\u00e9nybe, meleg\u00edts\u00fck fel \u00e9s olvasszuk fel, majd v\u00e1kuumozzuk;<\/span><\/p>\n

b)\u00a0<\/span>75 \u2103-ra hev\u00edt\u00e9s, 1,5 \u00f3r\u00e1s desztill\u00e1ci\u00f3, majd a desztill\u00e1tumot a fent eml\u00edtett h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kletnek \u00e9s id\u0151nek megfelel\u0151en 3 alkalommal ism\u00e9telten desztill\u00e1ltuk; a desztill\u00e1tumot \u00f6sszegy\u0171jt\u00f6tt\u00fck \u00e9s f\u00e9lretett\u00fck;<\/span><\/p>\n

c)\u00a0<\/span>tov\u00e1bb emelj\u00fck a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kletet 160 \u00b0C-ra, 1,2 \u00f3r\u00e1n \u00e1t desztill\u00e1ljuk, majd a desztill\u00e1tumot ism\u00e9telten 3 alkalommal desztill\u00e1ljuk, hogy \u03b2-pinen nyers term\u00e9ket kapjunk;<\/span><\/p>\n

d)\u00a0<\/span>\u00f6sszegy\u0171jti a \u03b2-pin\u00e9n nyers term\u00e9ket, \u00e1tviszi a reaktorba, beleteszi a koncentr\u00e1lt k\u00e9nsavba, egyenletesen keveri, \u00e9s 1 \u00f3r\u00e1n kereszt\u00fcl reag\u00e1l, hogy nagy tisztas\u00e1g\u00fa \u03b2-pin\u00e9n egy r\u00e9sz\u00e9t kapja; ahol a koncentr\u00e1lt k\u00e9nsav \u00e9s a \u03b2-pin\u00e9n nyers term\u00e9k t\u00f6megar\u00e1nya 1:1;<\/span><\/p>\n

e)\u00a0<\/span>A B. l\u00e9p\u00e9s desztill\u00e1tum\u00e1nak \u00e1tvitele egy reaktorba, pall\u00e1dium kataliz\u00e1tor hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1sa diatoma f\u00f6lddel mint hordoz\u00f3anyaggal, a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa 180 \u00b0C-ra, \u00e9s izomerikus reakci\u00f3 30 percig, hogy egy m\u00e1sik r\u00e9sz nagytisztas\u00e1g\u00fa \u03b2-pin\u00e9nt kapjunk;<\/span><\/p>\n

f)\u00a0<\/span>A D. l\u00e9p\u00e9s nagy tisztas\u00e1g\u00fa \u03b2-pinen \u00e9s az E. l\u00e9p\u00e9s nagy tisztas\u00e1g\u00fa \u03b2-pinen kombin\u00e1l\u00e1sa.<\/span><\/p>\n

b.\u00a0<\/span>M\u00e1sodszor, adjunk hozz\u00e1 terpentin a reakci\u00f3 \u00fcstbe, f\u0171t\u00e9s \u00e9s olvad\u00e1s, v\u00e1kuum; f\u0171t\u00e9s 75 \u2103, desztill\u00e1ci\u00f3 1,5 \u00f3ra, majd az el\u0151z\u0151ek szerint a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet \u00e9s az id\u0151 a p\u00e1rlat ism\u00e9telt desztill\u00e1ci\u00f3 3 alkalommal; tov\u00e1bbra is emelni a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kletet 160 \u2103, desztill\u00e1ci\u00f3 1.2 \u00f3ra, \u00e9s ism\u00e9telt desztill\u00e1ci\u00f3 2 alkalommal, hogy a \u03b2-pinen nyers term\u00e9k; gy\u0171jts\u00fck \u00f6ssze az eml\u00edtett \u03b2-pinen nyers term\u00e9k, \u00e1t a reakci\u00f3 \u00fcstbe, a koncentr\u00e1lt k\u00e9nsav, egyenletes kever\u00e9s, a reakci\u00f3 40 percig A reakci\u00f3t v\u00e9gezt\u00fck 40 percig, hogy nagy tisztas\u00e1g\u00fa \u03b2-pinen; a t\u00f6meg ar\u00e1nya a koncentr\u00e1lt k\u00e9nsav \u00e9s a \u03b2-pinen nyers term\u00e9k 1:3 volt.<\/span><\/p>\n

8.\u00a0<\/span>Alkalmaz\u00e1sok<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

A \u03b2-pin\u00e9n felhaszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 a linalool, nerol, geraniol, lauril-alkohol \u00e9s \u00e9szterei, nopf-alkohol, nopf-acet\u00e1t, citr\u00e1l, ibolyaketon, citronella-alkohol \u00e9s -aldehid, hidroxi-citronella-aldehid \u00e9s \u00e9szterei, neobelladonna-aldehid, neobelladonna-nitril, s\u00e1rk\u00e1ny sz\u00fclet\u00e9si k\u0151, terp\u00e9ngyant\u00e1k stb. szint\u00e9zis\u00e9hez. Fontos nyersanyag a f\u0171szerek \u00e9s arom\u00e1k szint\u00e9zis\u00e9hez.<\/span>v<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

A terpentin szintetikus arom\u00e1k kivon\u00e1s\u00e1ra ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 k\u00ednai kutat\u00e1sok elm\u00e9ly\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9vel a laurinsav ir\u00e1nti downstream felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i kereslet n\u00f6vekszik, \u00e9s a kereslet is n\u00f6vekszik. \u03b2-pinen has\u00edt\u00e1sa laurinsav el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra:<\/span><\/p>\n

A k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 l\u00e9p\u00e9sek szerint: 110 gramm \u03b2-pin\u00e9n tartalom 95,1% \u03b2-pin\u00e9n kever\u00e9k a karbur\u00e1torba, a v\u00e1kuum kezdete, f\u0171t\u00e9s; v\u00e1kuumszab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s a -0,075Mpa ~ -0,085MPa, a f\u0171t\u00e9si h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet 110 \u2103, a 30 perces ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s, hogy elp\u00e1rologtassa a karbur\u00e1tor az anyagot, a \u03b2-pin\u00e9n g\u00e1z k\u00e9pz\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9t, \u03b2-pin\u00e9n g\u00e1z a kever\u0151be a \u03b2-pin\u00e9n g\u00e1z t\u00e9rfogat\u00e1nak 5-szerese a \u03b2-pin\u00e9n g\u00e1z nitrog\u00e9n a \u03b2-pin\u00e9n cracking. \u03b2-pinen g\u00e1z a kever\u0151be \u00e9s 5-szer a \u03b2-pinen g\u00e1z nitrog\u00e9n t\u00e9rfogat\u00e1nak kever\u00e9s\u00e9re, kever\u00e9si h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet-szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s 90 \u00b0 C-on; miut\u00e1n bel\u00e9pett az el\u0151meleg\u00edt\u0151 el\u0151meleg\u00edt\u00e9sre, el\u0151meleg\u00edt\u0151 g\u00e1zkever\u00e9k 240 \u00b0 C-ra, majd a kevert g\u00e1z v\u00e1kuumban a krakkol\u00f3 cs\u0151be egy kataliz\u00e1tor r\u00e9teg kataliz\u00e1tor r\u00e9teg a g\u00e1zok kever\u00e9k\u00e9be; a kataliz\u00e1tor r\u00e9teg itt a zeolit molekulasz\u0171r\u0151 kataliz\u00e1tor; a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet a reped\u00e9s cs\u0151 ment\u00e9n a tengelyir\u00e1ny\u00fa ir\u00e1nyban a cs\u0151 test viszont h\u00e1rom A h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet a reped\u00e9s cs\u0151 van osztva h\u00e1rom tengelyir\u00e1ny\u00fa szakaszok ment\u00e9n a cs\u0151, \u00e9s a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet a h\u00e1rom ponton 365 \u2103, 460 \u2103 \u00e9s 475 \u2103, \u00e9s a v\u00e1kuum m\u00e9rt\u00e9ke a reped\u00e9s cs\u0151 -0.085Mpa. A krakkol\u00f3cs\u0151b\u0151l kil\u00e9p\u0151 krakkol\u00f3term\u00e9ket k\u00e9tl\u00e9pcs\u0151s h\u0171t\u00e9ssel 50 \u2103 al\u00e1 h\u0171tj\u00fck, hogy folyad\u00e9kot k\u00e9pezzen, \u00e9s 100 g lauril-alk\u00e9nt kapjunk. A lauril\u00e9n elemz\u00e9se azt mutatta, hogy a \u03b2-pinen tartalom 1,8%, a lauril\u00e9n tartalom 78,62%, az \u00e1talakul\u00e1si ar\u00e1ny 98,1%, a szelektivit\u00e1s 84,26% volt.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Unveiling the Power of Alpha-Pinene: Nature’s Gift Transforms Industries and Health Landscapes! Alpha-Pinene CAS 2437-95-8 Pinene is a series of unsaturated bicyclic monoterpenes. Two geometric isomers of pinene exist in nature: \u03b1-pinene and \u03b2-pinene. Both isomers are chiral. As the name implies, pinene is found in pine trees. Specifically, pinene is the main component of […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nUnveiling the Power of Alpha-Pinene: Nature's Gift Transforms Industries and Health Landscapes! - China Chemical Manufacturer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/az-alfa-pinene-erejenek-felfedezese-a-termeszet-ajandeka-atalakitja-az-iparagakat-es-az-egeszsegugyi-tajkepeket\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Unveiling the Power of Alpha-Pinene: Nature's Gift Transforms Industries and Health Landscapes! - China Chemical Manufacturer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Unveiling the Power of Alpha-Pinene: Nature’s Gift Transforms Industries and Health Landscapes! Alpha-Pinene CAS 2437-95-8 Pinene is a series of unsaturated bicyclic monoterpenes. Two geometric isomers of pinene exist in nature: \u03b1-pinene and \u03b2-pinene. Both isomers are chiral. As the name implies, pinene is found in pine trees. 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Alpha-Pinene CAS 2437-95-8 Pinene is a series of unsaturated bicyclic monoterpenes. Two geometric isomers of pinene exist in nature: \u03b1-pinene and \u03b2-pinene. Both isomers are chiral. As the name implies, pinene is found in pine trees. Specifically, pinene is the main component of […]","og_url":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/az-alfa-pinene-erejenek-felfedezese-a-termeszet-ajandeka-atalakitja-az-iparagakat-es-az-egeszsegugyi-tajkepeket\/","og_site_name":"China Chemical Manufacturer","article_published_time":"2024-05-07T08:40:40+00:00","author":"longcha9","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Szerz\u0151:":"longcha9","Becs\u00fclt olvas\u00e1si id\u0151":"10 perc"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/unveiling-the-power-of-alpha-pinene-natures-gift-transforms-industries-and-health-landscapes\/","url":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/unveiling-the-power-of-alpha-pinene-natures-gift-transforms-industries-and-health-landscapes\/","name":"Az alfa-pinene erej\u00e9nek felt\u00e1r\u00e1sa: A term\u00e9szet aj\u00e1nd\u00e9ka \u00e1talak\u00edtja az ipar\u00e1gakat \u00e9s az eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi t\u00e1jk\u00e9pet! - K\u00edna Vegyi Gy\u00e1rt\u00f3","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-05-07T08:40:40+00:00","dateModified":"2024-05-07T08:40:40+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/#\/schema\/person\/80933ac6926ad63fea74ec33f8d04869"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/unveiling-the-power-of-alpha-pinene-natures-gift-transforms-industries-and-health-landscapes\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"hu","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/unveiling-the-power-of-alpha-pinene-natures-gift-transforms-industries-and-health-landscapes\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/unveiling-the-power-of-alpha-pinene-natures-gift-transforms-industries-and-health-landscapes\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Unveiling the Power of Alpha-Pinene: Nature’s Gift Transforms Industries and Health Landscapes!"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/","name":"K\u00edna Vegyi Gy\u00e1rt\u00f3","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"hu"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/#\/schema\/person\/80933ac6926ad63fea74ec33f8d04869","name":"longcha9","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"hu","@id":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c1e84ee0759373263198c58e8f338f80?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c1e84ee0759373263198c58e8f338f80?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"longcha9"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3394"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3394"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3394\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3394"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3394"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3394"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}