Azelaic Acid (CAS 123-99-9): Properties, Applications, and Uses

Azelaic acid is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C9H16O4. It is found in grains such as wheat, barley, and rye, and can also be produced through the oxidation of oleic acid. This versatile compound has garnered significant attention across multiple industries due to its unique chemical properties and wide range of applications. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the properties, benefits, uses, and safety considerations of azelaic acid.

What is Azelaic Acid?

Azelaic acid is a saturated dicarboxylic acid that appears as a white crystalline powder. It is mildly acidic and soluble in hot water, ethanol, and ether. The compound is naturally present in some cereals and can be synthesized through various chemical processes, including the oxidation of nonanoic acid or the ozonolysis of oleic acid.

This versatile acid has been used for decades in various applications, from cosmetics to food preservation. Its unique molecular structure gives it antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and keratolytic properties, making it a valuable ingredient in many products.

Chemical Properties of Azelaic Acid

Understanding the chemical properties of azelaic acid is essential for its proper handling and application:

• Chemical Formula: C9H16O4
• CAS Number: 123-99-9
• Molecular Weight: 188.22 g/mol
• Olvadáspont: 95-107°C
• Forráspont: 286.5°C (at 100 mmHg)
• Oldhatóság: Soluble in hot water, ethanol, and ether
• Megjelenés: Fehér kristályos por

What Are the Benefits of Azelaic Acid?

1. Antibacterial Properties

Azelaic acid exhibits strong antibacterial properties, particularly against Propionibacterium acnes, the bacteria responsible for acne. It works by reducing bacterial growth on the skin surface and within pores, thereby preventing breakouts and reducing inflammation associated with acne vulgaris.

2. Anti-inflammatory Effects

The anti-inflammatory properties of azelaic acid make it effective in reducing redness and swelling associated with various skin conditions. It helps to calm irritated skin and can be beneficial for individuals with sensitive skin or inflammatory skin conditions.

3. Keratolytic Action

Azelaic acid possesses keratolytic properties, meaning it helps to normalize the shedding of skin cells. This action prevents the buildup of dead skin cells that can clog pores and lead to blackheads, whiteheads, and acne lesions.

4. Skin Lightening Effects

One of the notable benefits of azelaic acid is its ability to lighten skin and reduce hyperpigmentation. It works by inhibiting tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in melanin production. This makes it effective in treating melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and other forms of uneven skin tone.

5. Antioxidant Properties

Azelaic acid acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect skin cells from oxidative stress caused by free radicals. This protective effect can help slow down the aging process and maintain healthy skin.

What Are the Uses of Azelaic Acid?

1. Cosmetics and Skincare

Azelaic acid is widely used in the cosmetics and skincare industry. It is a common ingredient in:

• Acne Treatments: Found in gels, creams, and lotions designed to treat acne vulgaris
• Skin Lightening Products: Used in products targeting hyperpigmentation, melasma, and dark spots
• Anti-aging Formulations: Incorporated into products designed to reduce fine lines and wrinkles
• Rosacea Treatments: Used in formulations to reduce redness and inflammation associated with rosacea

2. Food Industry Applications

In the food industry, azelaic acid serves several important functions:

• Food Preservative: Its antibacterial properties make it effective in preserving food products
• Flavoring Agent: Used in small quantities to enhance or modify flavors
• pH Regulator: Employed to adjust acidity levels in certain food products
• Food Packaging: Incorporated into packaging materials to extend shelf life

3. Pharmaceutical Applications

Azelaic acid is used in pharmaceutical preparations, particularly in dermatological medications:

• Topical Acne Medications: Available by prescription and over-the-counter for acne treatment
• Prescription-strength Formulations: Higher concentrations used under medical supervision
• Combination Therapies: Often combined with other active ingredients for enhanced efficacy

4. Industrial Applications

Beyond cosmetics and food, azelaic acid finds applications in various industrial processes:

• Plasticizers: Used in the production of plasticizers for PVC and other polymers
• Lubricants: Incorporated into lubricating oils and greases
• Korróziógátlók: Used in metalworking fluids to prevent corrosion
• Polymer Production: Employed in the synthesis of polyesters and polyamides

Azelaic Acid in Food Additives

As a food additive, azelaic acid (often listed as E number E900 or under its functional name) plays several important roles:

Preservative Function: The antibacterial properties of azelaic acid make it effective in inhibiting microbial growth in food products, thereby extending their shelf life. It is particularly useful in preserving fats and oils from oxidation and rancidity.

Flavor Enhancement: In trace amounts, azelaic acid can contribute to the flavor profile of certain food products. Its mild acidic nature can enhance taste perception.

pH Control: Azelaic acid can be used as a pH regulator in food applications, helping to maintain optimal acidity levels in various products.

Food Safety: When used within approved concentrations, azelaic acid is considered safe for consumption. It has been evaluated by food safety authorities worldwide and approved for use in food applications.

Safety and Side Effects

While azelaic acid is generally considered safe for most applications, it is important to be aware of potential side effects, particularly when used in topical applications:

• Common Side Effects: Mild skin irritation, burning, stinging, redness, and dryness may occur, especially during the initial period of use
• Less Common Effects: Peeling, crusting, and discoloration of the skin may occur in some individuals
• Allergic Reactions: Rarely, some individuals may experience allergic reactions to azelaic acid
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Consult a healthcare provider before use during pregnancy or while breastfeeding

For food applications, azelaic acid is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by regulatory authorities when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Is azelaic acid natural?

A: Yes, azelaic acid is naturally found in grains like wheat, barley, and rye. It can also be produced synthetically through chemical processes.

Q: Can azelaic acid be used on all skin types?

A: Azelaic acid is generally suitable for all skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin should start with lower concentrations and patch test before full application.

Q: How long does it take to see results from azelaic acid?

A: For acne treatment, results can typically be seen within 4-8 weeks of consistent use. For skin lightening, it may take 3-6 months to see significant results.

Q: Can azelaic acid be used with other skincare products?

A: Yes, azelaic acid can be used in combination with other skincare products. However, it is advisable to introduce it gradually and monitor for any adverse reactions.

Q: What is the difference between azelaic acid and other alpha hydroxy acids?

A: Azelaic acid is a dicarboxylic acid, while alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) like glycolic acid and lactic acid are different types of hydroxy acids. Azelaic acid is generally milder and has additional antibacterial properties.

Why Choose Our Azelaic Acid?

When sourcing azelaic acid for your formulations, consider the following advantages of working with us:

• High Purity: Our azelaic acid meets the highest quality standards with purity levels exceeding 99%
• Consistent Quality: Every batch is tested to ensure consistent performance and reliability
• Competitive Pricing: We offer competitive prices without compromising on quality
• Technical Support: Our team of experts is available to provide technical assistance and guidance
• Reliable Supply: We ensure a stable and timely supply of products to meet your business needs
• Global Shipping: We provide efficient shipping solutions to customers worldwide

Related Products

Explore our related chemical products that complement azelaic acid in various applications:

• Alpha Lipoic Acid – A powerful antioxidant for skincare formulations
• Benzoic Acid – A common food preservative and preservative agent
• Beta Alanine – An amino acid used in food supplements
• Kalcium-citrát – A food additive and nutritional supplement

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