{"id":3392,"date":"2024-04-23T09:04:09","date_gmt":"2024-04-23T09:04:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pharm.sinocurechem.com\/?p=3309"},"modified":"2024-04-23T09:04:09","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T09:04:09","slug":"unlocking-the-golden-secrets-of-xanthophylls-natures-versatile-pigments-revealed%ef%bc%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/fr\/les-secrets-dor-des-xanthophylles-les-pigments-polyvalents-de-la-nature-reveles\uff01\/","title":{"rendered":"Percer les secrets d'or des xanthophylles : Les pigments polyvalents de la nature r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9s\uff01"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Xanthophylle est un terme collectif d\u00e9signant un groupe de pigments jaunes liposolubles que l'on trouve naturellement dans les plantes, en particulier dans les fruits et les l\u00e9gumes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Il appartient \u00e0 la classe plus large des pigments carot\u00e9no\u00efdes, qui comprend \u00e9galement les carot\u00e8nes et le lycop\u00e8ne.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les pigments xanthophylles jouent un r\u00f4le essentiel dans le processus de photosynth\u00e8se et prot\u00e8gent les plantes contre le stress oxydatif.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">A.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14pt;\">Structure et propri\u00e9t\u00e9s chimiques<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les xanthophylles sont des d\u00e9riv\u00e9s des t\u00e9traterp\u00e8nes, constitu\u00e9s de 40 atomes de carbone dispos\u00e9s selon un syst\u00e8me alternatif de doubles liaisons.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Ils contiennent des atomes d'oxyg\u00e8ne sous forme de groupes hydroxyle (-OH), \u00e9poxy ou c\u00e9to, ce qui les distingue des carot\u00e8nes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les pigments xanthophylles les plus courants sont la lut\u00e9ine, la z\u00e9axanthine, la violaxanthine et la n\u00e9oxanthine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les xanthophylles sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de couleur jaune, orange ou rouge, avec des nuances variables en fonction de leur structure chimique sp\u00e9cifique.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Ce sont des compos\u00e9s lipophiles (solubles dans les graisses), insolubles dans l'eau mais solubles dans des solvants organiques tels que l'hexane, le chloroforme et l'\u00e9thanol.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">a.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Structure chimique<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les xanthophylles sont une classe de pigments carot\u00e9no\u00efdes qui poss\u00e8dent une structure oxyg\u00e9n\u00e9e, contenant des atomes d'oxyg\u00e8ne sous forme de groupes hydroxyle (-OH), \u00e9poxy ou c\u00e9to. Le squelette structurel de base des xanthophylles est un t\u00e9traterp\u00e8ne, compos\u00e9 de huit unit\u00e9s isopr\u00e9no\u00efdes li\u00e9es entre elles, formant une longue cha\u00eene conjugu\u00e9e de 40 atomes de carbone. La structure chimique sp\u00e9cifique de chaque xanthophylle varie en fonction du nombre, de la position et du type de groupes fonctionnels oxyg\u00e9n\u00e9s pr\u00e9sents, ainsi que de la pr\u00e9sence et de la disposition des doubles liaisons.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Voici quelques exemples courants de structures xanthophylles :<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Lut\u00e9ine : 3R,3'R,6'R-\u03b2,\u03b5-carot\u00e8ne-3,3\u2032-diol<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Z\u00e9axanthine : 3R,3'R-\u03b2,\u03b2-carot\u00e8ne-3,3\u2032-diol<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Violaxanthine : 5,6,5\u2032,6\u2032-diepoxy-5,6,5\u2032,6\u2032-t\u00e9trahydro-\u03b2,\u03b2-carot\u00e8ne-3,3\u2032-diol.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">N\u00e9oxanthine : 5\u2032,6\u2032-\u00e9poxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6,5\u2032,6\u2032-tetrahydro-\u03b2,\u03b2-carot\u00e8ne-3,5,3\u2032-triol.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">b.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physico-chimiques<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Poids mol\u00e9culaire : Les xanthophylles ont un poids mol\u00e9culaire relativement \u00e9lev\u00e9, allant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de 568 \u00e0 616 g\/mol, en fonction de leur structure sp\u00e9cifique.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Couleur : les xanthophylles pr\u00e9sentent une large gamme de couleurs, dont le jaune, l'orange et le rouge, en raison de leur syst\u00e8me unique de double liaison conjugu\u00e9e et de la pr\u00e9sence de groupes fonctionnels oxyg\u00e9n\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Solubilit\u00e9 : Les xanthophylles sont des compos\u00e9s lipophiles (liposolubles) et sont insolubles dans l'eau, mais solubles dans divers solvants organiques, tels que l'hexane, le chloroforme, l'\u00e9thanol et l'ac\u00e9tone.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Absorption de la lumi\u00e8re : Les xanthophylles pr\u00e9sentent une forte absorption dans le domaine visible du spectre \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre 400 et 500 nm, ce qui contribue \u00e0 leurs couleurs vives et \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le dans la photosynth\u00e8se.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Isom\u00e9risation : Les xanthophylles peuvent exister sous diff\u00e9rentes formes g\u00e9om\u00e9triques isom\u00e9riques, telles que les isom\u00e8res cis et trans, qui peuvent influencer leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physicochimiques et leurs activit\u00e9s biologiques.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Stabilit\u00e9 thermique : Les xanthophylles sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement stables \u00e0 des temp\u00e9ratures mod\u00e9r\u00e9es, mais une exposition prolong\u00e9e \u00e0 des temp\u00e9ratures \u00e9lev\u00e9es ou \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re peut entra\u00eener leur d\u00e9gradation et la perte de leur couleur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Sensibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l'oxydation : Comme les autres carot\u00e9no\u00efdes, les xanthophylles sont sensibles \u00e0 l'oxydation, en particulier en pr\u00e9sence de lumi\u00e8re, d'oxyg\u00e8ne et de certains pro-oxydants, ce qui peut entra\u00eener la formation de produits d'oxydation et la perte de leurs activit\u00e9s biologiques.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">B.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14pt;\">Sources et pr\u00e9sence :<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les xanthophylles sont largement r\u00e9pandues dans la nature et se trouvent dans diverses plantes, y compris les fruits et les l\u00e9gumes, comme le ma\u00efs, les \u00e9pinards, le chou fris\u00e9, les oranges et le jaune d'\u0153uf.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Ils sont \u00e9galement pr\u00e9sents dans certaines algues, bact\u00e9ries et champignons.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Parmi les sources les plus riches en xanthophylles figurent les fleurs de souci, qui sont souvent utilis\u00e9es pour l'extraction commerciale de ces pigments.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">a.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Sources v\u00e9g\u00e9tales<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">(1)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">L\u00e9gumes \u00e0 feuilles vertes<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les xanthophylles sont abondantes dans les l\u00e9gumes \u00e0 feuilles vertes comme les \u00e9pinards, le chou fris\u00e9, les feuilles de chou vert et les feuilles de moutarde.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La xanthophylle pr\u00e9dominante dans ces sources est la lut\u00e9ine, avec des quantit\u00e9s moindres de z\u00e9axanthine et de n\u00e9oxanthine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">(2)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Ma\u00efs et produits \u00e0 base de ma\u00efs<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Le ma\u00efs et les produits \u00e0 base de ma\u00efs, tels que l'huile de ma\u00efs, la farine de ma\u00efs et le pop-corn, sont de riches sources de xanthophylles, en particulier de lut\u00e9ine et de z\u00e9axanthine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La teneur en xanthophylle peut varier en fonction de la vari\u00e9t\u00e9, des conditions de culture et des m\u00e9thodes de transformation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">(3)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Fruits et l\u00e9gumes<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Divers fruits et l\u00e9gumes contiennent des niveaux variables de xanthophylles, notamment les oranges, les poivrons, les tomates, les citrouilles, les courges et les melons.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Le profil sp\u00e9cifique des xanthophylles peut varier, certaines sources \u00e9tant plus riches en lut\u00e9ine, tandis que d'autres contiennent des niveaux plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s de z\u00e9axanthine ou d'autres pigments xanthophylles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">(4)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Jaune d'\u0153uf<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Le jaune d'\u0153uf est une excellente source de xanthophylles, principalement de lut\u00e9ine et de z\u00e9axanthine, qui se d\u00e9posent dans le jaune d'\u0153uf en raison de l'alimentation des poules.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La teneur en xanthophylle des jaunes d'\u0153ufs peut varier en fonction de la composition de l'alimentation et de la race de la poule.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">b.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Sources algales et microbiennes<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">(1)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Microalgues<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Certaines esp\u00e8ces de microalgues, comme Haematococcus pluvialis et Chlorella, sont connues pour produire des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s de xanthophylles, en particulier d'astaxanthine et de lut\u00e9ine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Ces sources algales sont souvent utilis\u00e9es pour la production commerciale de xanthophylles pour diverses applications.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">(2)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Bact\u00e9ries et champignons<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">On a d\u00e9couvert que certaines bact\u00e9ries et certains champignons produisaient des pigments xanthophylles, bien que leur exploitation commerciale soit limit\u00e9e par rapport aux sources v\u00e9g\u00e9tales et algales.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les esp\u00e8ces bact\u00e9riennes Bradyrhizobium et le champignon Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous, qui peuvent produire respectivement de la z\u00e9axanthine et de l'astaxanthine, en sont des exemples.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">c.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Sources commerciales<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">(1)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Fleurs de souci<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les fleurs de souci (Tagetes erecta) sont l'une des principales sources commerciales pour l'extraction des xanthophylles, en particulier la lut\u00e9ine et la z\u00e9axanthine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">L'ol\u00e9or\u00e9sine de souci, obtenue \u00e0 partir des p\u00e9tales, est une riche source de ces pigments et est largement utilis\u00e9e dans l'industrie alimentaire, l'industrie des aliments pour animaux et l'industrie des compl\u00e9ments alimentaires.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">(2)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Paprika et poivre rouge<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Le paprika et le poivron rouge (Capsicum annuum) sont \u00e9galement exploit\u00e9s commercialement pour l'extraction de pigments xanthophylles, principalement la capsanthine et la capsorubine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Ces extraits riches en xanthophylle sont utilis\u00e9s comme colorants alimentaires naturels et comme antioxydants.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">C.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14pt;\">Fonctions biologiques<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Chez les plantes, les xanthophylles jouent un r\u00f4le crucial dans le processus de photosynth\u00e8se en participant aux complexes de r\u00e9colte de la lumi\u00e8re et en prot\u00e9geant l'appareil photosynth\u00e9tique des dommages oxydatifs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Ils agissent \u00e9galement comme des antioxydants, en pi\u00e9geant les radicaux libres et en prot\u00e9geant les cellules du stress oxydatif.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Chez l'homme et l'animal, les xanthophylles comme la lut\u00e9ine et la z\u00e9axanthine sont importantes pour la sant\u00e9 des yeux et sont cens\u00e9es prot\u00e9ger la macula et la r\u00e9tine des dommages caus\u00e9s par la lumi\u00e8re bleue et le stress oxydatif.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">a.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Fonction de la photosynth\u00e8se<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les xanthophylles jouent un r\u00f4le crucial dans le processus de photosynth\u00e8se chez les plantes, les algues et certaines bact\u00e9ries photosynth\u00e9tiques. Elles sont des composants du complexe de r\u00e9colte de la lumi\u00e8re (LHC) de la membrane des v\u00e9sicules dans les chloroplastes et agissent comme des pigments accessoires avec la chlorophylle. Les chlorophylles absorbent l'\u00e9nergie lumineuse dans les r\u00e9gions bleue et verte du spectre visible, qui est ensuite transf\u00e9r\u00e9e aux chlorophylles pour initier la cha\u00eene de transport d'\u00e9lectrons de la photosynth\u00e8se.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Cette fonction de r\u00e9colte de la lumi\u00e8re des xanthophylles am\u00e9liore l'efficacit\u00e9 globale de la photosynth\u00e8se, en particulier dans des conditions de faible luminosit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">b.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Photoprotection<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La lut\u00e9ine est photoprotectrice et prot\u00e8ge l'appareil photosynth\u00e9tique des dommages oxydatifs caus\u00e9s par l'exc\u00e8s d'\u00e9nergie lumineuse. Dans des conditions de forte luminosit\u00e9, la lut\u00e9ine est impliqu\u00e9e dans le cycle de la xanthophylle, un processus qui dissipe l'\u00e9nergie exc\u00e9dentaire sous forme de chaleur, emp\u00eachant ainsi la formation d'esp\u00e8ces r\u00e9actives de l'oxyg\u00e8ne (ERO) et le stress oxydatif. Le cycle de la xanthophylle, qui comprend l'interconversion des petites xanthophylles, des xanthophylles du phlo\u00e8me et de la z\u00e9axanthine, contribue \u00e0 r\u00e9guler le flux d'\u00e9nergie et \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger la machinerie photosynth\u00e9tique de la photoinhibition et des dommages caus\u00e9s par la lumi\u00e8re.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">c.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Activit\u00e9 antioxydante<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La lut\u00e9ine poss\u00e8de de fortes propri\u00e9t\u00e9s antioxydantes, car elle neutralise les esp\u00e8ces r\u00e9actives de l'oxyg\u00e8ne (ROS) et les radicaux libres. Le syst\u00e8me de double liaison conjugu\u00e9e et la pr\u00e9sence de groupes fonctionnels contenant de l'oxyg\u00e8ne dans les mol\u00e9cules de lut\u00e9ine leur permettent de pi\u00e9ger et de neutraliser une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 d'esp\u00e8ces r\u00e9actives de l'oxyg\u00e8ne telles que les esp\u00e8ces monolin\u00e9aires de l'oxyg\u00e8ne, les radicaux superoxydes et les radicaux peroxyles. Cette activit\u00e9 antioxydante contribue \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les cellules et les tissus contre les dommages induits par le stress oxydatif qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 associ\u00e9s \u00e0 diverses maladies et au processus de vieillissement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">d.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Sant\u00e9 des yeux et vision<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Deux pigments sp\u00e9cifiques de la lut\u00e9ine, la lut\u00e9ine et la z\u00e9axanthine, sont particuli\u00e8rement importants pour la sant\u00e9 des yeux et la vision.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Ces pigments sont concentr\u00e9s dans la macula, la zone centrale de la r\u00e9tine responsable de la vision \u00e0 haute r\u00e9solution. La lut\u00e9ine et la z\u00e9axanthine agissent comme des filtres de lumi\u00e8re bleue, prot\u00e9geant les cellules maculaires et r\u00e9tiniennes des dommages oxydatifs caus\u00e9s par la lumi\u00e8re bleue \u00e0 haute \u00e9nergie et les rayons UV. On pense qu'elles jouent un r\u00f4le dans la r\u00e9duction du risque de d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rescence maculaire li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge (DMLA), qui est la principale cause de perte de vision chez les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">e.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Autres avantages potentiels pour la sant\u00e9<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les effets b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques potentiels de la lut\u00e9ine sur la sant\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9s dans divers domaines, notamment<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Sant\u00e9 cardiovasculaire : Certaines \u00e9tudes sugg\u00e8rent qu'en r\u00e9duisant le stress oxydatif et l'inflammation, la lut\u00e9ine pourrait avoir un effet protecteur contre les maladies cardiovasculaires.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Fonction cognitive : Des recherches pr\u00e9liminaires sugg\u00e8rent que la lut\u00e9ine, en particulier la lut\u00e9ine et la z\u00e9axanthine, pourrait avoir un effet positif sur la fonction cognitive et r\u00e9duire le risque de d\u00e9clin cognitif li\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">PR\u00c9VENTION DU CANCER : Le r\u00f4le potentiel des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s antioxydantes et anti-inflammatoires de la lut\u00e9ine dans la pr\u00e9vention du cancer a \u00e9t\u00e9 explor\u00e9, mais des recherches suppl\u00e9mentaires sont n\u00e9cessaires dans ce domaine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">D.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14pt;\">Applications<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">a.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Colorants et additifs alimentaires<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les xanthophylles sont largement utilis\u00e9es comme colorants alimentaires naturels pour donner une gamme de tons jaunes, orange et rouges \u00e0 une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 d'aliments.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les applications courantes sont les suivantes<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Produits laitiers (par exemple, fromage, beurre, yaourt)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Produits de boulangerie (p. ex. pain, p\u00e2tisseries, biscuits)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Boissons (par exemple, jus de fruits, boissons non alcoolis\u00e9es, boissons alcoolis\u00e9es)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Confiserie (par exemple, bonbons, fudge)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Sauces et condiments<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les xanthophylles sont souvent pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9es aux colorants alimentaires synth\u00e9tiques en raison de leur origine naturelle et de leurs effets b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques sur la sant\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les pigments xanthophylles sp\u00e9cifiques utilis\u00e9s comme colorants alimentaires comprennent la lut\u00e9ine, la z\u00e9axanthine, la capsa\u00efcine et les xanthophylles du safran.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">b.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Additifs pour l'alimentation animale<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les xanthophylles, en particulier la lut\u00e9ine et la z\u00e9axanthine, sont ajout\u00e9es aux aliments pour animaux, principalement pour la volaille et l'aquaculture.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Ces pigments rehaussent la couleur des jaunes d'\u0153uf, de la peau des poulets de chair et de la viande de poisson, ce qui les rend plus attrayants pour les consommateurs. Les xanthophylles contenues dans les aliments pour animaux am\u00e9liorent \u00e9galement les performances de reproduction et la sant\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des animaux. Les sources commerciales de xanthophylles utilis\u00e9es dans les additifs alimentaires comprennent les extraits de souci, les sources algales (par exemple, l'h\u00e9matocoque) et les formes synth\u00e9tiques.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">c.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Compl\u00e9ments nutritionnels et aliments de sant\u00e9<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les suppl\u00e9ments de lut\u00e9ine, en particulier ceux qui contiennent de la lut\u00e9ine et de la z\u00e9axanthine, sont commercialis\u00e9s en tant que nutraceutiques pour leurs bienfaits potentiels sur la sant\u00e9 des yeux et le soutien de la vision. Ces compl\u00e9ments sont souvent destin\u00e9s aux personnes pr\u00e9sentant un risque de d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rescence maculaire li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge (DMLA) ou cherchant \u00e0 conserver une vision saine. Les suppl\u00e9ments de xanthophylle peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre commercialis\u00e9s pour leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s antioxydantes et leurs effets b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques potentiels sur la sant\u00e9 cardiovasculaire et les fonctions cognitives.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">d.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Cosm\u00e9tiques et produits de soins personnels<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les xanthophylles sont utilis\u00e9es dans une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de produits cosm\u00e9tiques et de soins personnels pour leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s colorantes et antioxydantes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Leurs applications sont les suivantes<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Rouges \u00e0 l\u00e8vres, gloss et autres produits pour les l\u00e8vres (disponibles dans les tons jaune, orange ou rouge)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Produits de soins de la peau (par exemple, cr\u00e8mes, lotions, s\u00e9rums) ayant des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s antioxydantes et photoprotectrices<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Produits de soins capillaires (par exemple, shampooings, apr\u00e8s-shampooings) qui rehaussent la couleur des cheveux blonds ou blancs<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">E.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14pt;\">Statut r\u00e9glementaire et s\u00e9curit\u00e9 :<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les xanthophylles sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement reconnues comme s\u00fbres (GRAS) par la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) des \u00c9tats-Unis pour \u00eatre utilis\u00e9es comme additifs et colorants alimentaires.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Leur utilisation dans divers produits alimentaires et cosm\u00e9tiques est approuv\u00e9e dans de nombreux pays, sous r\u00e9serve des directives r\u00e9glementaires et des limites sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les xanthophylles sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme s\u00fbres pour la consommation humaine dans les limites de l'apport alimentaire recommand\u00e9, mais des doses \u00e9lev\u00e9es peuvent entra\u00eener des effets secondaires tels que la carot\u00e9nodermie (jaunissement de la peau).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">a.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Statut r\u00e9glementaire<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">(1)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Applications dans le domaine de l'alimentation humaine et animale<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) consid\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement que les xanthophylles sont s\u00fbres (GRAS) pour \u00eatre utilis\u00e9es comme additifs et ingr\u00e9dients alimentaires. La FDA a \u00e9tabli des r\u00e9glementations et des lignes directrices sp\u00e9cifiques pour l'utilisation de la lut\u00e9ine dans les aliments, y compris des niveaux maximums autoris\u00e9s et des exigences en mati\u00e8re d'\u00e9tiquetage. L'utilisation des xanthophylles en tant qu'additifs alimentaires pour les animaux est \u00e9galement approuv\u00e9e, avec des r\u00e9glementations sp\u00e9cifiques pour l'utilisation chez les diff\u00e9rentes esp\u00e8ces animales.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">(2)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Compl\u00e9ments alimentaires<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, les suppl\u00e9ments de lut\u00e9ine sont r\u00e9glement\u00e9s en tant qu'ingr\u00e9dients alimentaires en vertu de la loi sur les suppl\u00e9ments alimentaires, la sant\u00e9 et l'\u00e9ducation (Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act - DSHEA). Les fabricants de suppl\u00e9ments de lut\u00e9ophylle doivent se conformer aux bonnes pratiques de fabrication (BPF) et aux exigences d'\u00e9tiquetage fix\u00e9es par la FDA. Dans l'Union europ\u00e9enne, les suppl\u00e9ments de lut\u00e9ine sont r\u00e9glement\u00e9s par la directive sur les compl\u00e9ments alimentaires, qui \u00e9tablit des directives en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, de qualit\u00e9 et d'\u00e9tiquetage pour les suppl\u00e9ments de lut\u00e9ine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">(3)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Cosm\u00e9tiques et produits de soins personnels<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">L'utilisation des xanthophylles dans les cosm\u00e9tiques et les produits de soins personnels est autoris\u00e9e dans diverses juridictions, notamment aux \u00c9tats-Unis, dans l'Union europ\u00e9enne et dans d'autres pays. Les organismes de r\u00e9glementation, tels que le Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) aux \u00c9tats-Unis et le Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) dans l'Union europ\u00e9enne, \u00e9valuent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des xanthophylles destin\u00e9es \u00e0 \u00eatre utilis\u00e9es dans les produits cosm\u00e9tiques et fournissent des conseils sur leurs concentrations et applications s\u00fbres.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">b.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Consid\u00e9rations relatives \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la toxicologie :<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">(1)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Toxicit\u00e9 et effets ind\u00e9sirables<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Il est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement admis que la lut\u00e9ine peut \u00eatre consomm\u00e9e en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 par l'homme dans les limites de l'apport alimentaire recommand\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Toutefois, une consommation excessive de xanthophylles, en particulier dans les compl\u00e9ments alimentaires, peut entra\u00eener une dermatose carot\u00e9no\u00efde, une affection inoffensive caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par un jaunissement de la peau d\u00fb au d\u00e9p\u00f4t de pigments carot\u00e9no\u00efdes. Les r\u00e9actions allergiques aux xanthophylles sont tr\u00e8s rares, mais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9es chez certaines personnes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">(2)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Interactions et contre-indications<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les xanthophylles peuvent interagir avec certains m\u00e9dicaments, tels que les hypocholest\u00e9rol\u00e9miants (statines) et les anticoagulants, en modifiant \u00e9ventuellement leur absorption ou leur efficacit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les personnes souffrant de certains troubles m\u00e9dicaux (tels qu'une maladie du foie ou des reins) doivent consulter un professionnel de la sant\u00e9 avant de prendre des compl\u00e9ments alimentaires \u00e0 base de xanthophylle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">(3)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Restrictions et lignes directrices r\u00e9glementaires<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les agences r\u00e9glementaires ont \u00e9tabli des limites maximales autoris\u00e9es pour l'utilisation de la lut\u00e9ine dans les denr\u00e9es alimentaires, les aliments pour animaux et les compl\u00e9ments alimentaires. Ces limites sont bas\u00e9es sur des \u00e9valuations de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des \u00e9valuations des risques men\u00e9es par des agences r\u00e9glementaires et des organismes scientifiques. Ces limites sont bas\u00e9es sur des \u00e9valuations de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des \u00e9valuations des risques men\u00e9es par des agences r\u00e9glementaires et des organismes scientifiques.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 24.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: none; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Les fabricants et les formulateurs doivent suivre ces lignes directrices pour garantir une utilisation s\u00fbre de la lut\u00e9ine dans leurs produits.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Xanthophyll is a collective term referring to a group of yellow, fat-soluble pigments found naturally in plants, particularly in fruits and vegetables. It belongs to the broader class of carotenoid pigments, which also includes carotenes and lycopene. Xanthophyll pigments play essential roles in the photosynthetic process and provide protection against oxidative stress in plants. A.\u00a0Chemical [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Unlocking the Golden Secrets of Xanthophylls: Nature&#039;s Versatile Pigments Revealed\uff01 - China Chemical Manufacturer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/fr\/les-secrets-dor-des-xanthophylles-les-pigments-polyvalents-de-la-nature-reveles\uff01\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Unlocking the Golden Secrets of Xanthophylls: Nature&#039;s Versatile Pigments Revealed\uff01 - China Chemical Manufacturer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Xanthophyll is a collective term referring to a group of yellow, fat-soluble pigments found naturally in plants, particularly in fruits and vegetables. 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