{"id":3390,"date":"2024-04-16T08:28:19","date_gmt":"2024-04-16T08:28:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pharm.sinocurechem.com\/?p=3301"},"modified":"2024-04-16T08:28:19","modified_gmt":"2024-04-16T08:28:19","slug":"how-protionamides-breakthrough-mechanism-is-revolutionizing-tuberculosis-treatment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/es\/como-el-revolucionario-mecanismo-de-las-protionamidas-esta-revolucionando-el-tratamiento-de-la-tuberculosis\/","title":{"rendered":"El revolucionario mecanismo de la protionamida revoluciona el tratamiento de la tuberculosis."},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">1.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14pt;\">Visi\u00f3n general<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La protionamida, tambi\u00e9n conocida como protionamida, es un agente antibacteriano sint\u00e9tico que pertenece a la clase de los compuestos tioam\u00eddicos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Se utiliza principalmente en el tratamiento de la tuberculosis, sobre todo en los casos en que el paciente ha desarrollado resistencia a otros medicamentos antituberculosos de primera l\u00ednea.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La protionamida se ha utilizado como opci\u00f3n de tratamiento de segunda l\u00ednea o alternativa para la tuberculosis multirresistente (MDR-TB) y la tuberculosis extremadamente farmacorresistente (XDR-TB).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">2.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14pt;\">Estructura qu\u00edmica y propiedades<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">A.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Estructura qu\u00edmica<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La protionamida tiene la f\u00f3rmula molecular C7H7N3S.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La estructura qu\u00edmica consiste en un anillo de tiazol (un anillo heteroc\u00edclico de cinco miembros que contiene azufre y nitr\u00f3geno) con un grupo amino y un grupo carbonilo unidos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">El anillo de tiazol, el grupo carbonilo y el grupo amino son las caracter\u00edsticas estructurales clave que contribuyen a la actividad biol\u00f3gica y las propiedades fisicoqu\u00edmicas del compuesto.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">B.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Propiedades f\u00edsicas y qu\u00edmicas<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Aspecto: Polvo cristalino entre blanco y blanquecino<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Peso molecular: 181,24 g\/mol<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Punto de fusi\u00f3n: 159-162\u00b0C<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Punto de ebullici\u00f3n: No bien definido (se descompone antes de la ebullici\u00f3n)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Solubilidad: Soluble en agua, etanol y otros disolventes org\u00e1nicos polares.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Ligeramente soluble en disolventes apolares, como \u00e9ter y benceno<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Estabilidad: Relativamente estable en condiciones normales de almacenamiento, Sensible a la luz y al calor, que pueden provocar su degradaci\u00f3n. Las soluciones acuosas pueden ser susceptibles a la hidr\u00f3lisis, especialmente en condiciones \u00e1cidas o b\u00e1sicas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Grupos funcionales:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Anillo de tiazol<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Grupo carbonilo (C=O)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Grupo amino primario (NH2)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Polaridad y carga:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La protionamida es una mol\u00e9cula polar debido a la presencia de los grupos carbonilo y amino.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">A pH fisiol\u00f3gico, el compuesto existe predominantemente en su forma neutra, no ionizada.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Propiedades espectrosc\u00f3picas:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Absorci\u00f3n UV-Vis: La protionamida presenta m\u00e1ximos de absorci\u00f3n en torno a 280-290 nm, que pueden utilizarse para el an\u00e1lisis cuantitativo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Espectroscopia IR: Se observan las bandas de absorci\u00f3n caracter\u00edsticas de los anillos carbonilo, amino y tiazol.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Espectroscopia de RMN: Los espectros de RMN 1H y RMN 13C proporcionan informaci\u00f3n detallada sobre la estructura y la pureza del compuesto.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">3.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14pt;\">Mecanismo de acci\u00f3n<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La protionamida es un prof\u00e1rmaco que requiere la activaci\u00f3n por parte de la enzima bacteriana EthA (enoil-[acil-portador-prote\u00edna] reductasa) para ejercer sus efectos antibacterianos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La forma activada de la protionamida interfiere en la s\u00edntesis de \u00e1cidos mic\u00f3licos, que son componentes esenciales de la pared celular bacteriana.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Esta alteraci\u00f3n de la integridad de la pared celular conduce a la inhibici\u00f3n del crecimiento bacteriano y, finalmente, a la muerte celular.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">4.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14pt;\">Activaci\u00f3n de f\u00e1rmacos<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La protionamida es un prof\u00e1rmaco, lo que significa que requiere activaci\u00f3n metab\u00f3lica para ejercer sus efectos antibacterianos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">El proceso de activaci\u00f3n implica la conversi\u00f3n enzim\u00e1tica de la Protionamida por una enzima micobacteriana llamada EthA (Enoyl-[acil-carrier-protein] reductasa).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">EthA es una enzima monooxigenasa dependiente de flavina adenina dinucle\u00f3tido (FAD) que cataliza la activaci\u00f3n oxidativa de la protionamida.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">A.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Mecanismo de acci\u00f3n<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">1.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Activaci\u00f3n mediada por EthA:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La enzima EthA de Mycobacterium tuberculosis y otras micobacterias es responsable de la activaci\u00f3n de la protionamida.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">EthA cataliza la oxidaci\u00f3n del grupo tioamida de la Protionamida, convirti\u00e9ndolo en un intermediario reactivo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Se cree que esta forma activada de Protionamida es el principal agente antibacteriano que ejerce sus efectos sobre las c\u00e9lulas micobacterianas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">2.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Inhibici\u00f3n de la s\u00edntesis de \u00e1cido mic\u00f3lico:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La forma activada de la protionamida interfiere en la s\u00edntesis de \u00e1cidos mic\u00f3licos, que son componentes esenciales de la pared celular micobacteriana.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Los \u00e1cidos mic\u00f3licos son \u00e1cidos grasos ramificados de cadena larga fundamentales para la integridad estructural y la permeabilidad de la pared celular micobacteriana.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Al interrumpir la s\u00edntesis de estos componentes vitales de la pared celular, la protionamida compromete la integridad de la pared celular micobacteriana, lo que provoca la muerte celular o la inhibici\u00f3n del crecimiento.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">3.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Alteraci\u00f3n del metabolismo celular:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Adem\u00e1s de sus efectos directos sobre la s\u00edntesis del \u00e1cido mic\u00f3lico, la forma activada de la Protionamida tambi\u00e9n puede interferir en otros procesos celulares de las micobacterias.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Se ha sugerido que la protionamida puede afectar a la expresi\u00f3n o actividad de varias enzimas implicadas en el metabolismo de los l\u00edpidos, la producci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda y otras funciones celulares esenciales.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Estos efectos indirectos sobre el metabolismo celular pueden contribuir a\u00fan m\u00e1s a la actividad antimicobacteriana de la Protionamida.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">B.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Especificidad y resistencia<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">El mecanismo de acci\u00f3n de la protionamida est\u00e1 dirigido principalmente contra las micobacterias, en particular Mycobacterium tuberculosis, el agente causante de la tuberculosis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">El proceso de activaci\u00f3n mediado por EthA es un paso crucial en el mecanismo de acci\u00f3n, y las mutaciones o alteraciones en la enzima EthA pueden provocar resistencia a la Protionamida.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Comprender los mecanismos de resistencia, como las mutaciones en el gen EthA, es importante para optimizar el uso de la protionamida en el tratamiento de la tuberculosis farmacorresistente.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">En general, el mecanismo de acci\u00f3n detallado de la protionamida implica la activaci\u00f3n del prof\u00e1rmaco mediada por EthA, seguida de la interrupci\u00f3n de la s\u00edntesis de \u00e1cido mic\u00f3lico y potencialmente de otros procesos celulares, lo que en \u00faltima instancia conduce a la inhibici\u00f3n del crecimiento micobacteriano y la muerte celular.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">5.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14pt;\">Aplicaciones terap\u00e9uticas:<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">El uso principal de la Protionamida es el tratamiento de la tuberculosis, especialmente en los casos en que el paciente ha desarrollado resistencia a otros medicamentos antituberculosos de primera l\u00ednea, como la isoniazida y la rifampicina.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">A menudo se utiliza en combinaci\u00f3n con otros agentes antituberculosos, como la pirazinamida, el etambutol y las fluoroquinolonas, para aumentar la eficacia del r\u00e9gimen de tratamiento.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La protionamida tambi\u00e9n puede utilizarse en el tratamiento de la lepra, otra infecci\u00f3n micobacteriana, en los casos en que el paciente haya desarrollado resistencia a los tratamientos est\u00e1ndar contra la lepra.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">A.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Tratamiento de la tuberculosis<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">El uso principal y m\u00e1s establecido de la Protionamida es en el tratamiento de la tuberculosis (TB), particularmente en casos en los que el paciente ha desarrollado resistencia a otros f\u00e1rmacos antituberculosos de primera l\u00ednea.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La protionamida se utiliza habitualmente como opci\u00f3n de tratamiento de segunda l\u00ednea o alternativa para la tuberculosis multirresistente (MDR-TB) y la tuberculosis extremadamente farmacorresistente (XDR-TB).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">En estos casos, la protionamida suele utilizarse en combinaci\u00f3n con otros agentes antituberculosos, como la pirazinamida, el etambutol y las fluoroquinolonas, para crear un r\u00e9gimen de tratamiento m\u00e1s eficaz y completo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">B.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Uso en Tuberculosis Multirresistente (MDR-TB):<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La TB-MDR es una forma de tuberculosis resistente al menos a dos de los f\u00e1rmacos antituberculosos de primera l\u00ednea m\u00e1s potentes, la isoniazida y la rifampicina.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La protionamida ha demostrado su eficacia en el tratamiento de la tuberculosis multirresistente, sobre todo en los casos en que el paciente no ha respondido a otros f\u00e1rmacos antituberculosos de segunda l\u00ednea o no los ha tolerado.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La inclusi\u00f3n de la Protionamida en el r\u00e9gimen de tratamiento de la TB-MDR puede ayudar a mejorar los resultados del tratamiento y aumentar las posibilidades de \u00e9xito en la gesti\u00f3n de la enfermedad.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">C.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Tratamiento de la tuberculosis extremadamente farmacorresistente (TB-XDR):<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La TB-XDR es una forma a\u00fan m\u00e1s grave de tuberculosis farmacorresistente, en la que la cepa es resistente a la isoniazida y la rifampicina, as\u00ed como a cualquier fluoroquinolona y al menos a uno de los tres f\u00e1rmacos inyectables de segunda l\u00ednea (amikacina, kanamicina o capreomicina).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La protionamida ha sido reconocida como un componente cr\u00edtico en el tratamiento de la TB-XR, ya que puede utilizarse para elaborar reg\u00edmenes terap\u00e9uticos m\u00e1s eficaces y adaptados a estos casos dif\u00edciles de tratar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ha incluido la Protionamida en sus recomendaciones para el tratamiento de la TB-XR, destacando su importancia para hacer frente a este reto de salud p\u00fablica mundial.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">D.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Tratamiento de la lepra:<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Aunque es menos frecuente, la protionamida tambi\u00e9n se ha utilizado en el tratamiento de la lepra, otra infecci\u00f3n micobacteriana causada por Mycobacterium leprae.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">En ciertos casos, especialmente cuando el paciente ha desarrollado resistencia a los tratamientos est\u00e1ndar contra la lepra, la Protionamida puede utilizarse como una opci\u00f3n terap\u00e9utica alternativa o complementaria.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">El uso de la Protionamida en la lepra es generalmente limitado y requiere una cuidadosa consideraci\u00f3n del historial cl\u00ednico del paciente y de los patrones de resistencia espec\u00edficos de la cepa infectante.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">E.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Dosificaci\u00f3n y administraci\u00f3n:<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La protionamida suele administrarse por v\u00eda oral, y la dosis se determina en funci\u00f3n del peso del paciente, su edad y el r\u00e9gimen de tratamiento espec\u00edfico.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La dosis recomendada de Protionamida puede variar, pero a menudo se prescribe en combinaci\u00f3n con otros medicamentos antituberculosos o contra la lepra.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Durante el tratamiento con protionamida es fundamental realizar un seguimiento adecuado de la respuesta del paciente al tratamiento, as\u00ed como de los posibles efectos adversos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">F.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Autorizaciones y directrices reglamentarias:<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La protionamida est\u00e1 aprobada para el tratamiento de la tuberculosis en varios pa\u00edses, como la India, Rusia y algunas naciones europeas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ha incluido la Protionamida en su Lista de Medicamentos Esenciales para el tratamiento de la TB-MDR y la TB-XDR, reconociendo su importancia en el tratamiento de la tuberculosis farmacorresistente.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Las directrices nacionales e internacionales, como las de la OMS y los programas nacionales de control de la tuberculosis, ofrecen recomendaciones sobre el uso de la protionamida en diversos reg\u00edmenes de tratamiento de la tuberculosis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">6.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14pt;\">Farmacocin\u00e9tica y posolog\u00eda:<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La protionamida suele administrarse por v\u00eda oral, y la dosis recomendada depende del r\u00e9gimen de tratamiento espec\u00edfico y del peso y la edad del paciente.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">El f\u00e1rmaco se absorbe bien en el tracto gastrointestinal, y las concentraciones plasm\u00e1ticas m\u00e1ximas se alcanzan en las 1-2 horas siguientes a la administraci\u00f3n oral.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La protionamida se metaboliza principalmente en el h\u00edgado y se excreta por los ri\u00f1ones, con una semivida de aproximadamente 2-3 horas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">A.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Farmacocin\u00e9tica<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">a.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Absorci\u00f3n<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La protionamida suele administrarse por v\u00eda oral y se absorbe bien en el tracto gastrointestinal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Tras la administraci\u00f3n oral, las concentraciones plasm\u00e1ticas m\u00e1ximas se alcanzan normalmente en 1-2 horas, lo que indica una absorci\u00f3n relativamente r\u00e1pida.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Seg\u00fan los informes, la biodisponibilidad oral de la protionamida es del orden de 60-80%, lo que sugiere una buena absorci\u00f3n desde el intestino.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">b.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Distribuci\u00f3n<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Una vez absorbida, la Protionamida se distribuye ampliamente por todo el organismo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Es capaz de penetrar en diversos tejidos y \u00f3rganos, incluidos los pulmones, donde puede alcanzar altas concentraciones.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Se sabe que la protionamida atraviesa la barrera hematoencef\u00e1lica, lo que le permite llegar al sistema nervioso central.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">El volumen de distribuci\u00f3n de Protionamida se estima en torno a 1-2 L\/kg, lo que indica una distribuci\u00f3n relativamente extensa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">c.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Metabolismo y eliminaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La protionamida se metaboliza principalmente en el h\u00edgado, donde sufre diversas reacciones de biotransformaci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La principal v\u00eda metab\u00f3lica implica la desaminaci\u00f3n oxidativa de la Protionamida por la enzima EthA, la misma enzima responsable de la activaci\u00f3n del prof\u00e1rmaco.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Otras v\u00edas metab\u00f3licas tambi\u00e9n pueden estar implicadas, incluyendo reacciones de conjugaci\u00f3n y otros pasos de oxidaci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Los metabolitos de la Protionamida se eliminan predominantemente por v\u00eda renal, con una semivida comunicada de aproximadamente 2-3 horas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">B.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Posolog\u00eda y administraci\u00f3n<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">a.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Dosis recomendada<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La dosis recomendada de Protionamida para el tratamiento de la tuberculosis var\u00eda en funci\u00f3n del r\u00e9gimen de tratamiento espec\u00edfico y de las caracter\u00edsticas del paciente.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Las dosis t\u00edpicas para adultos oscilan entre 0,5 y 1 gramo al d\u00eda, normalmente divididas en dos o tres administraciones.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La dosis puede ajustarse en funci\u00f3n del peso, la edad y la respuesta cl\u00ednica del paciente al tratamiento.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">b.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Ajustes de la dosis<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">En pacientes con deterioro de la funci\u00f3n hep\u00e1tica o renal, puede ser necesario reducir la dosis de Protionamida para evitar el riesgo de un aumento de los efectos adversos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Durante el tratamiento con Protionamida es necesario un control cuidadoso de la funci\u00f3n hep\u00e1tica y renal, y la dosis puede ajustarse en consecuencia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">En caso de efectos adversos graves o intolerancia, puede ser necesario reducir temporalmente la dosis de Protionamida o interrumpir temporalmente el tratamiento.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">c.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Administraci\u00f3n<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La protionamida suele administrarse por v\u00eda oral, con o sin alimentos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Es importante seguir el programa de dosificaci\u00f3n prescrito y no saltarse ninguna dosis, ya que esto puede afectar a la eficacia general del tratamiento.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">En algunos casos, la protionamida puede utilizarse en combinaci\u00f3n con otros medicamentos antituberculosos o contra la lepra, adapt\u00e1ndose la posolog\u00eda y la pauta de administraci\u00f3n espec\u00edficas a las necesidades de cada paciente.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">d.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Consideraciones farmacocin\u00e9ticas<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La semivida relativamente corta de Protionamida (2-3 horas) puede requerir m\u00faltiples administraciones diarias para mantener los niveles terap\u00e9uticos del f\u00e1rmaco.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Factores como la ingesta de alimentos, los medicamentos concomitantes y las caracter\u00edsticas individuales del paciente pueden influir en la farmacocin\u00e9tica de Protionamida y pueden requerir ajustes de la dosis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La monitorizaci\u00f3n terap\u00e9utica del f\u00e1rmaco puede ser beneficiosa en algunos casos para asegurar que los niveles de Protionamida del paciente est\u00e1n dentro del rango terap\u00e9utico deseado.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">7.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14pt;\">Efectos adversos y precauciones<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Los efectos adversos comunes asociados a la Protionamida incluyen n\u00e1useas, v\u00f3mitos, dolor abdominal y hepatotoxicidad (toxicidad hep\u00e1tica).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Es necesario controlar cuidadosamente la funci\u00f3n hep\u00e1tica durante el tratamiento con Protionamida, y puede ser necesario ajustar la dosis o interrumpir el tratamiento en casos de da\u00f1o hep\u00e1tico grave.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Los pacientes con enfermedades hep\u00e1ticas o renales preexistentes pueden presentar un mayor riesgo de efectos adversos y requerir una vigilancia m\u00e1s estrecha.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">8.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14pt;\">Situaci\u00f3n reglamentaria y ensayos cl\u00ednicos<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La protionamida est\u00e1 aprobada para el tratamiento de la tuberculosis en varios pa\u00edses, como la India, Rusia y algunas naciones europeas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Est\u00e1 incluido en la Lista de Medicamentos Esenciales de la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud para el tratamiento de la TB-MDR y la TB-XDR.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La investigaci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica en curso est\u00e1 explorando el uso de la protionamida en diversos reg\u00edmenes de tratamiento y el desarrollo de nuevas formulaciones para mejorar la tolerabilidad y la eficacia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">9.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14pt;\">Fabricaci\u00f3n y suministro<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La protionamida suele fabricarse mediante procesos de s\u00edntesis qu\u00edmica que implican la reacci\u00f3n del 2-aminotiazol con diversos reactivos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">La producci\u00f3n y el suministro de protionamida pueden estar limitados a determinadas empresas farmac\u00e9uticas u organizaciones de investigaci\u00f3n que cuenten con la capacidad de fabricaci\u00f3n y las autorizaciones reglamentarias necesarias.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">El acceso a la Protionamida puede variar en funci\u00f3n del pa\u00eds o regi\u00f3n concretos, ya que est\u00e1 sujeto a la disponibilidad y los canales de distribuci\u00f3n de los distintos mercados.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Generalidades La protionamida, tambi\u00e9n conocida como protionamida, es un agente antibacteriano sint\u00e9tico que pertenece a la clase de los compuestos tioam\u00eddicos. Se utiliza principalmente en el tratamiento de la tuberculosis, sobre todo en casos en los que el paciente ha desarrollado resistencia a otros f\u00e1rmacos antituberculosos de primera l\u00ednea. La protionamida se ha utilizado como opci\u00f3n de tratamiento de segunda l\u00ednea o alternativa para los [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How Protionamide&#039;s Breakthrough Mechanism is Revolutionizing Tuberculosis Treatment! - China Chemical Manufacturer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/es\/como-el-revolucionario-mecanismo-de-las-protionamidas-esta-revolucionando-el-tratamiento-de-la-tuberculosis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Protionamide&#039;s Breakthrough Mechanism is Revolutionizing Tuberculosis Treatment! - China Chemical Manufacturer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1.\u00a0Overview Protionamide, also known as Prothionamide, is a synthetic antibacterial agent that belongs to the thioamide class of compounds. 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