{"id":3445,"date":"2024-07-11T07:57:11","date_gmt":"2024-07-11T07:57:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pharm.sinocurechem.com\/?p=3445"},"modified":"2024-07-11T07:57:11","modified_gmt":"2024-07-11T07:57:11","slug":"pectin-chemical-structure-natural-sources-industrial-production-and-applications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/de\/pektin-chemische-struktur-naturliche-quellen-industrielle-produktion-und-anwendungen\/","title":{"rendered":"Pektin: Chemische Struktur, nat\u00fcrliche Quellen, industrielle Produktion und Anwendungen"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.2500pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">1.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14pt;\">Chemische Struktur und Eigenschaften<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Pektin ist ein komplexes Heteropolysaccharid mit einer vielf\u00e4ltigen strukturellen Zusammensetzung, die je nach Quelle und Extraktionsmethode variiert.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.2500pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">1)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Prim\u00e4re Struktur<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Hauptkette: Lineares Grundger\u00fcst aus \u03b1-(1\u21924)-verkn\u00fcpften D-Galakturons\u00e4ureeinheiten<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Grad der Veresterung (DE): Prozentsatz der mit Methanol veresterten Carboxylgruppen<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Pektin mit hohem Methoxylgehalt (HM): DE &gt; 50%<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Pektin mit niedrigem Methoxylgehalt (LM): DE &lt; 50%<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Grad der Acetylierung (DA): Anteil der Galakturons\u00e4urereste, die an O-2 oder O-3 acetyliert sind<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.2500pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">2)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Strukturelle Regionen<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Homogalakturonan (HG): \"Glatte\" Regionen aus unverzweigten Galakturons\u00e4ureresten<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I): \"Haarige\" Regionen mit einem Ger\u00fcst aus abwechselnd Rhamnose und Galakturons\u00e4ure, mit neutralen Zuckerseitenketten<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II): Komplexe, hoch konservierte Struktur mit einzigartigen Zuckerresten<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.2500pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">3)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Molekulargewicht<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">In der Regel zwischen 50.000 und 150.000 Da<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Beeinflusst durch Quelle, Extraktionsmethode und Verarbeitungsbedingungen<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.2500pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">4)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Physikalische Eigenschaften<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">L\u00f6slichkeit: Im Allgemeinen l\u00f6slich in Wasser, bildet kolloidale L\u00f6sungen<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Viskosit\u00e4t: Abh\u00e4ngig von Molekulargewicht, DE, pH-Wert und Temperatur<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Hygroskopizit\u00e4t: Neigt dazu, Feuchtigkeit aus der Luft zu absorbieren<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.2500pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">5)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Chemische Eigenschaften<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">pH-Stabilit\u00e4t: Am stabilsten bei pH 3-4, Abbau erfolgt bei extremen pH-Werten<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Thermische Stabilit\u00e4t: Depolymerisation erfolgt bei hohen Temperaturen, insbesondere unter sauren Bedingungen<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Ionenbindung: Bildet Komplexe mit zweiwertigen Kationen, insbesondere Calcium<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.2500pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">6)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Mechanismen der Gelierung<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Pektin mit hohem Methoxylgehalt:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Erfordert hohe Zuckerkonzentration (&gt;55%) und niedrigen pH-Wert (&lt;3,5)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Gelbildung durch hydrophobe Wechselwirkungen und Wasserstoffbr\u00fcckenbindungen<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Pektin mit niedrigem Methoxylgehalt:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Gele in Gegenwart von zweiwertigen Kationen (normalerweise Ca2+)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Bildet \"Eierkarton\"-Strukturen durch ionische Vernetzung<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.2500pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">7)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Funktionelle Eigenschaften<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Verdickung: Erh\u00f6ht die Viskosit\u00e4t in w\u00e4ssrigen L\u00f6sungen<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Stabilisierung: Verhindert die Trennung in Emulsionen und Suspensionen<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Gelieren: Bildet unter bestimmten Bedingungen Gele<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Filmbildung: Erzeugt essbare Beschichtungen und Filme<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.2500pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">8)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Wechselwirkungen mit anderen Stoffen<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Proteine: Bildet elektrostatische Komplexe, die die Textur in Lebensmitteln beeinflussen<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Polyphenole: Wechselwirkungen durch Wasserstoffbr\u00fcckenbindungen und hydrophobe Verbindungen<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Zellulose: Synergistische Effekte auf die rheologischen Eigenschaften von Pflanzenzellw\u00e4nden<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Dieser erweiterte Abschnitt bietet einen tiefer gehenden und spezialisierten \u00dcberblick \u00fcber die chemische Struktur und die Eigenschaften von Pektin. Gibt es einen bestimmten Aspekt, den ich n\u00e4her erl\u00e4utern soll?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.2500pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">2.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14pt;\">Nat\u00fcrliche Quellen<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Pektin ist in Landpflanzen allgegenw\u00e4rtig und kommt haupts\u00e4chlich in der Mittellamelle und den prim\u00e4ren Zellw\u00e4nden vor. Sein Gehalt und seine Struktur variieren erheblich zwischen den einzelnen Pflanzenarten, Geweben und Entwicklungsstadien.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.2500pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">1)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Prim\u00e4re kommerzielle Quellen<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Zitrusfr\u00fcchte:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Zitrone (Citrus limon): 2,5-4,0% Pektin<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Limette (Citrus aurantifolia): 2,0-3,5% Pektin<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Orange (Citrus sinensis): 1,5-3,5% Pektin<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi): 1,5-2,5% Pektin<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Apfel (Malus domestica): 1,0-1,5% Pektin in frischen Fr\u00fcchten, 15-20% in getrocknetem Trester<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.2500pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">2)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Andere wichtige Quellen<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Beeren:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Schwarze Johannisbeere (Ribes nigrum): 1,0-1,5% Pektin<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Erdbeere (Fragaria \u00d7 ananassa): 0,6-0,7% Pektin<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Steinobst:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Pfirsich (Prunus persica): 0,5-1,0% Pektin<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Pflaume (Prunus domestica): 0,5-0,8% Pektin<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Tropische Fr\u00fcchte:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Passionsfrucht (Passiflora edulis): 0,5-1,5% Pektin<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Mango (Mangifera indica): 0,2-0,4% Pektin<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Gem\u00fcse:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Zuckerr\u00fcben (Beta vulgaris): 1,0-2,0% Pektin<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Karotte (Daucus carota): 0,5-1,0% Pektin<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.2500pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">3)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Pektinverteilung in Pflanzengeweben<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Fruchtschalen\/Rinden: H\u00f6chste Konzentration<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Fruchtfleisch: M\u00e4\u00dfige Konzentration<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Wurzeln und Knollen: Variabel, im Allgemeinen geringere Konzentration<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Bl\u00e4tter: Geringe Konzentration, aber strukturell wichtig<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.2500pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">4)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Faktoren, die den Pektingehalt und die Qualit\u00e4t beeinflussen<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Genetische Faktoren: Spezies- und kultivierungsabh\u00e4ngig<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Umweltbedingungen: Klima, Bodenart, Wasserverf\u00fcgbarkeit<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Reife der Fr\u00fcchte: Der Pektingehalt nimmt im Allgemeinen w\u00e4hrend der Reifung ab.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Vegetationszeit: Unterschiede zwischen Fr\u00fcchten der fr\u00fchen und der sp\u00e4ten Saison beobachtet<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Lagerung nach der Ernte: Allm\u00e4hliche Verschlechterung w\u00e4hrend der Lagerung<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.2500pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">5)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Strukturelle Variationen nach Quelle<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Pektin aus Zitrusfr\u00fcchten: Im Allgemeinen hoher Veresterungsgrad (DE 60-75%)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Apfel Pektin: M\u00e4\u00dfiger bis hoher DE (50-70%), h\u00f6herer Gehalt an Neutralzucker<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Pektin aus Zuckerr\u00fcben: Geringerer DE (30-50%), h\u00f6herer Acetylierungsgrad<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.2500pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">6)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Extraktionsmethoden aus nat\u00fcrlichen Quellen<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Konventionelle S\u00e4ureextraktion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Hei\u00dfes anges\u00e4uertes Wasser (pH 1,5-3,0, 70-90\u00b0C)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Extraktionszeit: 1-3 Stunden<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Ausbeute: 15-30% des verf\u00fcgbaren Pektins<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Enzymatische Extraktion<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Verwendung von Pektinasen, Cellulasen und Hemicellulasen<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Mildere Bedingungen: pH 3,5-4,5, 40-50\u00b0C<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Potenzial f\u00fcr h\u00f6here Ausbeuten und erhaltenes Molekulargewicht<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.2500pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">7)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Aufkommende alternative Quellen<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Sonnenblumenk\u00f6pfe (Helianthus annuus): 15-25% Pektin in getrocknetem Material<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Schoten: 10-15% Pektin in getrocknetem Material<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Schalen von Kakao (Theobroma cacao): 8-10% Pektin in getrocknetem Material<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.2500pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">3.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14pt;\">Industrielle Produktion<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">F\u00fcr die kommerzielle Pektinproduktion werden haupts\u00e4chlich Zitrusschalen und Apfeltrester als Rohstoffe verwendet. Der industrielle Prozess umfasst folgende Schritte:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Extraktion mit hei\u00dfem, ges\u00e4uertem Wasser<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Filtration und Konzentration<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Ausf\u00e4llung mit Alkohol<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Trocknen und Mahlen<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.2500pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">4.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14pt;\">Anwendungen<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.2500pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">1)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Lebensmittelindustrie<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Geliermittel f\u00fcr Konfit\u00fcren und Gelees<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Stabilisator in Molkereiprodukten<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Verdickungsmittel in So\u00dfen und Getr\u00e4nken<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Fettersetzer in kalorienarmen Lebensmitteln<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.2500pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">2)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Pharmazeutische und medizinische Verwendungszwecke<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Bindemittel in Tabletten<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Systeme zur kontrollierten Wirkstofffreisetzung<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Anwendungen in der Wundheilung<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Nahrungserg\u00e4nzungsmittel f\u00fcr Ballaststoffe<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.2500pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">3)\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt;\">Andere industrielle Anwendungen<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Kosmetika als Verdickungsmittel<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Biologisch abbaubare Verpackungsmaterialien<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Klebstoffe und Beschichtungen<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1.\u00a0Chemical Structure and Properties Pectin is a complex heteropolysaccharide with a diverse structural composition that varies depending on its source and extraction method. 1)\u00a0Primary Structure Main chain: Linear backbone of \u03b1-(1\u21924)-linked D-galacturonic acid units Degree of Esterification (DE): Percentage of carboxyl groups esterified with methanol High-methoxyl (HM) pectin: DE &gt; 50% Low-methoxyl (LM) pectin: DE [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Pectin: Chemical Structure, Natural Sources, Industrial Production, and Applications - China Chemical Manufacturer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/de\/pektin-chemische-struktur-naturliche-quellen-industrielle-produktion-und-anwendungen\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pectin: Chemical Structure, Natural Sources, Industrial Production, and Applications - China Chemical Manufacturer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1.\u00a0Chemical Structure and Properties Pectin is a complex heteropolysaccharide with a diverse structural composition that varies depending on its source and extraction method. 1)\u00a0Primary Structure Main chain: Linear backbone of \u03b1-(1\u21924)-linked D-galacturonic acid units Degree of Esterification (DE): Percentage of carboxyl groups esterified with methanol High-methoxyl (HM) pectin: DE &gt; 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