{"id":3390,"date":"2024-04-16T08:28:19","date_gmt":"2024-04-16T08:28:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pharm.sinocurechem.com\/?p=3301"},"modified":"2024-04-16T08:28:19","modified_gmt":"2024-04-16T08:28:19","slug":"how-protionamides-breakthrough-mechanism-is-revolutionizing-tuberculosis-treatment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/de\/wie-der-bahnbrechende-mechanismus-von-protionamiden-die-tuberkulosebehandlung-revolutioniert\/","title":{"rendered":"Wie der bahnbrechende Mechanismus von Protionamid die Tuberkulosebehandlung revolutioniert!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">1.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00dcbersicht<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Protionamid, auch bekannt als Prothionamid, ist ein synthetisches antibakterielles Mittel, das zur Klasse der Thioamide geh\u00f6rt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Es wird in erster Linie zur Behandlung von Tuberkulose eingesetzt, insbesondere in F\u00e4llen, in denen der Patient eine Resistenz gegen andere Anti-Tuberkulose-Medikamente der ersten Wahl entwickelt hat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Protionamid wurde als Zweitlinien- oder alternative Behandlungsoption f\u00fcr multiresistente Tuberkulose (MDR-TB) und extensiv arzneimittelresistente Tuberkulose (XDR-TB) eingesetzt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">2.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14pt;\">Chemische Struktur und Eigenschaften<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">A.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Chemische Struktur<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Protionamid hat die Summenformel C7H7N3S.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Die chemische Struktur besteht aus einem Thiazolring (einem f\u00fcnfgliedrigen heterocyclischen Ring mit Schwefel und Stickstoff), an den eine Aminogruppe und eine Carbonylgruppe gebunden sind.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Der Thiazolring, die Carbonylgruppe und die Aminogruppe sind die wichtigsten Strukturmerkmale, die zur biologischen Aktivit\u00e4t und den physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften der Verbindung beitragen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">B.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Erscheinungsbild: Wei\u00dfes bis gebrochen-wei\u00dfes kristallines Pulver<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Molekulargewicht: 181,24 g\/mol<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Schmelzpunkt: 159-162\u00b0C<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Siedepunkt: Nicht genau definiert (zersetzt sich vor dem Sieden)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">L\u00f6slichkeit: L\u00f6slich in Wasser, Ethanol und anderen polaren organischen L\u00f6sungsmitteln<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Schwach l\u00f6slich in unpolaren L\u00f6sungsmitteln, wie Ether und Benzol<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Stabilit\u00e4t: Relativ stabil unter normalen Lagerungsbedingungen, empfindlich gegen\u00fcber Licht und W\u00e4rme, die zu einem Abbau f\u00fchren k\u00f6nnen. W\u00e4ssrige L\u00f6sungen k\u00f6nnen anf\u00e4llig f\u00fcr Hydrolyse sein, insbesondere unter sauren oder basischen Bedingungen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Funktionelle Gruppen:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Thiazol-Ring<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Carbonylgruppe (C=O)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Prim\u00e4re Aminogruppe (NH2)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Polarit\u00e4t und Ladung:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Protionamid ist ein polares Molek\u00fcl, da es Carbonyl- und Aminogruppen enth\u00e4lt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Bei physiologischem pH-Wert liegt die Verbindung \u00fcberwiegend in ihrer neutralen, nicht ionisierten Form vor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Spektroskopische Eigenschaften:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">UV-Vis-Absorption: Protionamid zeigt Absorptionsmaxima um 280-290 nm, die f\u00fcr die quantitative Analyse verwendet werden k\u00f6nnen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">IR-Spektroskopie: Es k\u00f6nnen charakteristische Absorptionsbanden f\u00fcr den Carbonyl-, Amino- und Thiazolring beobachtet werden.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">NMR-Spektroskopie: Die 1H-NMR- und 13C-NMR-Spektren liefern detaillierte Informationen \u00fcber die Struktur und Reinheit der Verbindung.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">3.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14pt;\">Mechanismus der Wirkung<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Protionamid ist ein Prodrug, das durch das bakterielle Enzym EthA (Enoyl-[Acyl-Carrier-Protein]-Reduktase) aktiviert werden muss, um seine antibakterielle Wirkung zu entfalten.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Die aktivierte Form von Protionamid st\u00f6rt die Synthese von Mykols\u00e4uren, die wesentliche Bestandteile der bakteriellen Zellwand sind.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Diese St\u00f6rung der Zellwandintegrit\u00e4t f\u00fchrt zur Hemmung des Bakterienwachstums und schlie\u00dflich zum Zelltod.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">4.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14pt;\">Prodrug-Aktivierung<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Protionamid ist ein Prodrug, d. h. es erfordert eine metabolische Aktivierung, um seine antibakterielle Wirkung zu entfalten.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Der Aktivierungsprozess beinhaltet die enzymatische Umwandlung von Protionamid durch ein mykobakterielles Enzym namens EthA (Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]reduktase).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">EthA ist ein Flavin-Adenin-Dinukleotid (FAD)-abh\u00e4ngiges Monooxygenase-Enzym, das die oxidative Aktivierung von Protionamid katalysiert.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">A.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Mechanismus der Wirkung<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">1.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">EthA-vermittelte Aktivierung:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Das EthA-Enzym in Mycobacterium tuberculosis und anderen Mycobakterien ist f\u00fcr die Aktivierung von Protionamid verantwortlich.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">EthA katalysiert die Oxidation der Thioamidgruppe in Protionamid und wandelt es in ein reaktives Zwischenprodukt um.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Es wird angenommen, dass diese aktivierte Form von Protionamid der prim\u00e4re antibakterielle Wirkstoff ist, der seine Wirkung auf die mykobakteriellen Zellen aus\u00fcbt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">2.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Hemmung der Mykols\u00e4uresynthese:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Die aktivierte Form von Protionamid st\u00f6rt die Synthese von Mykols\u00e4uren, die wesentliche Bestandteile der Zellwand von Mykobakterien sind.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Mykols\u00e4uren sind langkettige, verzweigtkettige Fetts\u00e4uren, die f\u00fcr die strukturelle Integrit\u00e4t und Permeabilit\u00e4t der mykobakteriellen Zellwand entscheidend sind.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Durch die St\u00f6rung der Synthese dieser lebenswichtigen Zellwandkomponenten beeintr\u00e4chtigt Protionamid die Integrit\u00e4t der mykobakteriellen Zellwand, was zum Zelltod oder zur Wachstumshemmung f\u00fchrt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 21.2500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">3.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Ver\u00e4nderung des zellul\u00e4ren Stoffwechsels:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Zus\u00e4tzlich zu seinen direkten Auswirkungen auf die Mykols\u00e4uresynthese kann die aktivierte Form von Protionamid auch andere zellul\u00e4re Prozesse in Mykobakterien beeintr\u00e4chtigen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Es wurde vermutet, dass Protionamid die Expression oder Aktivit\u00e4t verschiedener Enzyme beeinflussen kann, die am Fettstoffwechsel, an der Energieproduktion und an anderen wichtigen Zellfunktionen beteiligt sind.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Diese indirekten Auswirkungen auf den zellul\u00e4ren Stoffwechsel k\u00f6nnen ebenfalls zur antimykobakteriellen Wirkung von Protionamid beitragen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">B.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Spezifit\u00e4t und Resistenz<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Der Wirkmechanismus von Protionamid richtet sich in erster Linie gegen Mykobakterien, insbesondere Mycobacterium tuberculosis, den Erreger der Tuberkulose.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Der EthA-vermittelte Aktivierungsprozess ist ein entscheidender Schritt im Wirkmechanismus, und Mutationen oder Ver\u00e4nderungen des EthA-Enzyms k\u00f6nnen zu einer Resistenz gegen Protionamid f\u00fchren.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Das Verst\u00e4ndnis der Resistenzmechanismen, wie z. B. der Mutationen im EthA-Gen, ist wichtig f\u00fcr die Optimierung des Einsatzes von Protionamid bei der Behandlung von arzneimittelresistenter Tuberkulose.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Insgesamt beinhaltet der detaillierte Wirkmechanismus von Protionamid die EthA-vermittelte Aktivierung des Prodrugs, gefolgt von der Unterbrechung der Mykols\u00e4uresynthese und m\u00f6glicherweise anderer zellul\u00e4rer Prozesse, was letztlich zur Hemmung des Mykobakterienwachstums und zum Zelltod f\u00fchrt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">5.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14pt;\">Therapeutische Anwendungen:<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Protionamid wird in erster Linie zur Behandlung von Tuberkulose eingesetzt, insbesondere in F\u00e4llen, in denen der Patient eine Resistenz gegen andere Tuberkulose-Medikamente der ersten Wahl, wie Isoniazid und Rifampicin, entwickelt hat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Es wird h\u00e4ufig in Kombination mit anderen Tuberkulosemitteln wie Pyrazinamid, Ethambutol und Fluorchinolonen eingesetzt, um die Wirksamkeit des Behandlungsregimes zu erh\u00f6hen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Protionamid kann auch bei der Behandlung von Lepra, einer anderen mykobakteriellen Infektion, eingesetzt werden, wenn der Patient eine Resistenz gegen die \u00fcblichen Leprabehandlungen entwickelt hat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">A.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Behandlung von Tuberkulose<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Protionamid wird in erster Linie zur Behandlung von Tuberkulose (TB) eingesetzt, insbesondere in F\u00e4llen, in denen der Patient eine Resistenz gegen andere Tuberkulose-Medikamente der ersten Wahl entwickelt hat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Protionamid wird h\u00e4ufig als Zweitlinien- oder alternative Behandlungsoption f\u00fcr multiresistente Tuberkulose (MDR-TB) und extensiv arzneimittelresistente Tuberkulose (XDR-TB) eingesetzt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">In diesen F\u00e4llen wird Protionamid in der Regel in Kombination mit anderen Tuberkulosehemmern wie Pyrazinamid, Ethambutol und Fluorchinolonen eingesetzt, um ein wirksameres und umfassenderes Behandlungsschema zu erstellen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">B.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Einsatz bei multiresistenter Tuberkulose (MDR-TB):<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Bei der MDR-TB handelt es sich um eine Form der Tuberkulose, die gegen mindestens zwei der wirksamsten Erstlinien-Antituberkulosemedikamente, Isoniazid und Rifampicin, resistent ist.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Protionamid hat sich bei der Behandlung von MDR-TB als wirksam erwiesen, insbesondere in F\u00e4llen, in denen der Patient auf andere Zweitlinien-Antituberkulosemedikamente nicht angesprochen oder diese nicht vertragen hat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Die Aufnahme von Protionamid in das Behandlungsschema f\u00fcr MDR-TB kann dazu beitragen, die Behandlungsergebnisse zu verbessern und die Chancen auf eine erfolgreiche Krankheitsbew\u00e4ltigung zu erh\u00f6hen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">C.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Behandlung der extensiv arzneimittelresistenten Tuberkulose (XDR-TB):<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">XDR-TB ist eine noch schwerere Form der arzneimittelresistenten Tuberkulose, bei der der Stamm gegen Isoniazid und Rifampicin sowie gegen alle Fluorchinolone und mindestens eines der drei injizierbaren Zweitlinienmedikamente (Amikacin, Kanamycin oder Capreomycin) resistent ist.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Protionamid ist als kritische Komponente bei der Behandlung von XDR-TB anerkannt, da es zur Erstellung wirksamerer und ma\u00dfgeschneiderter Behandlungsschemata f\u00fcr diese schwer zu behandelnden F\u00e4lle verwendet werden kann.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) hat Protionamid in ihre Empfehlungen f\u00fcr die Behandlung von XDR-TB aufgenommen und unterstreicht damit seine Bedeutung bei der Bew\u00e4ltigung dieser globalen Herausforderung f\u00fcr die \u00f6ffentliche Gesundheit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">D.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Behandlung der Lepra:<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Weniger h\u00e4ufig wird Protionamid auch bei der Behandlung von Lepra eingesetzt, einer anderen durch Mycobacterium leprae verursachten Mykobakterieninfektion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">In bestimmten F\u00e4llen, insbesondere wenn der Patient eine Resistenz gegen die Standardbehandlungen der Lepra entwickelt hat, kann Protionamid als alternative oder erg\u00e4nzende Therapieoption eingesetzt werden.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Der Einsatz von Protionamid bei Lepra ist im Allgemeinen begrenzt und erfordert eine sorgf\u00e4ltige Pr\u00fcfung der klinischen Vorgeschichte des Patienten und der spezifischen Resistenzmuster des Infektionsstammes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">E.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Dosierung und Verabreichung:<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Protionamid wird in der Regel oral verabreicht, und die Dosierung richtet sich nach dem Gewicht des Patienten, seinem Alter und dem spezifischen Behandlungsschema.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Die empfohlene Dosierung von Protionamid kann variieren, es wird jedoch h\u00e4ufig in Kombination mit anderen Medikamenten gegen Tuberkulose oder Lepra verschrieben.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">W\u00e4hrend der Behandlung mit Protionamid ist eine sorgf\u00e4ltige \u00dcberwachung des Ansprechens des Patienten auf die Behandlung sowie der unerw\u00fcnschten Wirkungen von entscheidender Bedeutung.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">F.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Regulatorische Zulassungen und Richtlinien:<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Protionamid ist f\u00fcr die Behandlung von Tuberkulose in mehreren L\u00e4ndern zugelassen, darunter Indien, Russland und einige europ\u00e4ische L\u00e4nder.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) hat Protionamid in ihre Liste der unentbehrlichen Arzneimittel f\u00fcr die Behandlung von MDR-TB und XDR-TB aufgenommen und erkennt damit seine Bedeutung f\u00fcr die Behandlung von arzneimittelresistenter Tuberkulose an.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Nationale und internationale Richtlinien, wie die der WHO und der nationalen Tuberkulosebek\u00e4mpfungsprogramme, enthalten Empfehlungen f\u00fcr die Verwendung von Protionamid in verschiedenen Tuberkulose-Behandlungsschemata.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">6.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14pt;\">Pharmakokinetik und Dosierung:<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Protionamid wird in der Regel oral verabreicht, wobei die empfohlene Dosierung von dem jeweiligen Behandlungsschema sowie von Gewicht und Alter des Patienten abh\u00e4ngt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Das Medikament wird vom Magen-Darm-Trakt gut resorbiert, wobei die maximalen Plasmakonzentrationen innerhalb von 1-2 Stunden nach der oralen Verabreichung erreicht werden.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Protionamid wird haupts\u00e4chlich \u00fcber die Leber verstoffwechselt und \u00fcber die Nieren ausgeschieden, mit einer Halbwertszeit von etwa 2-3 Stunden.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">A.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Pharmakokinetik<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">a.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Absorption<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Protionamid wird in der Regel oral verabreicht und wird gut aus dem Magen-Darm-Trakt aufgenommen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Nach oraler Verabreichung werden die maximalen Plasmakonzentrationen in der Regel innerhalb von 1 bis 2 Stunden erreicht, was auf eine relativ schnelle Resorption hinweist.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Die orale Bioverf\u00fcgbarkeit von Protionamid liegt Berichten zufolge im Bereich von 60-80%, was auf eine gute Aufnahme aus dem Darm schlie\u00dfen l\u00e4sst.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">b.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Vertrieb<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Nach der Aufnahme wird Protionamid im ganzen K\u00f6rper verteilt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Es kann in verschiedene Gewebe und Organe eindringen, auch in die Lunge, wo es hohe Konzentrationen erreichen kann.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Protionamid ist daf\u00fcr bekannt, dass es die Blut-Hirn-Schranke \u00fcberwindet und so das zentrale Nervensystem erreicht.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Das Verteilungsvolumen von Protionamid wird auf etwa 1-2 L\/kg gesch\u00e4tzt, was auf eine relativ umfangreiche Verteilung hinweist.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">c.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Stoffwechsel und Ausscheidung<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Protionamid wird haupts\u00e4chlich in der Leber verstoffwechselt, wo es verschiedene Biotransformationsreaktionen durchl\u00e4uft.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Der wichtigste Stoffwechselweg ist die oxidative Desaminierung von Protionamid durch das Enzym EthA, das gleiche Enzym, das f\u00fcr die Aktivierung des Prodrugs verantwortlich ist.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Auch andere Stoffwechselwege k\u00f6nnen beteiligt sein, darunter Konjugationsreaktionen und weitere Oxidationsschritte.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Die Metaboliten von Protionamid werden \u00fcberwiegend \u00fcber die Nieren ausgeschieden, mit einer Halbwertszeit von etwa 2-3 Stunden.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">B.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Dosierung und Verabreichung<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">a.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Empfohlene Dosierung<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Die empfohlene Dosierung von Protionamid zur Behandlung von Tuberkulose h\u00e4ngt von dem jeweiligen Behandlungsschema und den Eigenschaften des Patienten ab.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Typische Dosen f\u00fcr Erwachsene liegen zwischen 0,5 und 1 Gramm pro Tag, meist aufgeteilt auf zwei oder drei Gaben.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Die Dosierung kann je nach Gewicht, Alter und klinischer Reaktion des Patienten auf die Behandlung angepasst werden.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">b.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Dosierungsanpassungen<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Bei Patienten mit eingeschr\u00e4nkter Leber- oder Nierenfunktion muss die Dosis von Protionamid m\u00f6glicherweise reduziert werden, um das Risiko erh\u00f6hter unerw\u00fcnschter Wirkungen zu vermeiden.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">W\u00e4hrend der Behandlung mit Protionamid ist eine sorgf\u00e4ltige \u00dcberwachung der Leber- und Nierenfunktion erforderlich, und die Dosis kann entsprechend angepasst werden.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Bei schwerwiegenden unerw\u00fcnschten Wirkungen oder Unvertr\u00e4glichkeiten kann es erforderlich sein, die Dosis von Protionamid vor\u00fcbergehend zu reduzieren oder die Behandlung vor\u00fcbergehend zu unterbrechen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">c.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Verwaltung<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Protionamid wird normalerweise oral verabreicht, entweder mit oder ohne Nahrung.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Es ist wichtig, sich an den vorgeschriebenen Dosierungsplan zu halten und keine Dosen auszulassen oder zu \u00fcberspringen, da dies die Gesamtwirksamkeit der Behandlung beeintr\u00e4chtigen kann.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">In einigen F\u00e4llen kann Protionamid in Kombination mit anderen Arzneimitteln gegen Tuberkulose oder Lepra eingesetzt werden, wobei die Dosierung und das Verabreichungsschema auf die Bed\u00fcrfnisse des einzelnen Patienten zugeschnitten sind.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">d.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Pharmakokinetische \u00dcberlegungen<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Die relativ kurze Halbwertszeit von Protionamid (2 bis 3 Stunden) kann mehrere t\u00e4gliche Verabreichungen erforderlich machen, um therapeutische Wirkstoffspiegel aufrechtzuerhalten.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Faktoren wie Nahrungsaufnahme, Begleitmedikation und individuelle Patientencharakteristika k\u00f6nnen die Pharmakokinetik von Protionamid beeinflussen und eine Dosisanpassung erforderlich machen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">In einigen F\u00e4llen kann eine therapeutische Arzneimittel\u00fcberwachung sinnvoll sein, um sicherzustellen, dass die Protionamid-Spiegel des Patienten im gew\u00fcnschten therapeutischen Bereich liegen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">7.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14pt;\">Unerw\u00fcnschte Wirkungen und Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Zu den h\u00e4ufigsten unerw\u00fcnschten Wirkungen von Protionamid geh\u00f6ren \u00dcbelkeit, Erbrechen, Bauchschmerzen und Hepatotoxizit\u00e4t (Lebertoxizit\u00e4t).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">W\u00e4hrend der Behandlung mit Protionamid ist eine sorgf\u00e4ltige \u00dcberwachung der Leberfunktion erforderlich, und bei schweren Lebersch\u00e4den muss m\u00f6glicherweise die Dosis angepasst oder die Behandlung abgebrochen werden.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Bei Patienten mit vorbestehenden Leber- oder Nierenerkrankungen kann ein h\u00f6heres Risiko f\u00fcr unerw\u00fcnschte Wirkungen bestehen und eine genauere \u00dcberwachung erforderlich sein.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">8.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14pt;\">Zulassungsstatus und klinische Studien<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Protionamid ist f\u00fcr die Behandlung von Tuberkulose in mehreren L\u00e4ndern zugelassen, darunter Indien, Russland und einige europ\u00e4ische L\u00e4nder.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Es ist in der Liste der unentbehrlichen Arzneimittel der Weltgesundheitsorganisation f\u00fcr die Behandlung von MDR-TB und XDR-TB aufgef\u00fchrt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">In der laufenden klinischen Forschung wird der Einsatz von Protionamid in verschiedenen Behandlungsschemata und die Entwicklung neuer Formulierungen zur Verbesserung der Vertr\u00e4glichkeit und Wirksamkeit untersucht.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">9.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14pt;\">Herstellung und Lieferung<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Protionamid wird in der Regel durch chemische Syntheseverfahren hergestellt, die die Reaktion von 2-Aminothiazol mit verschiedenen Reagenzien beinhalten.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Die Produktion und Lieferung von Protionamid kann auf bestimmte pharmazeutische Unternehmen oder Forschungseinrichtungen beschr\u00e4nkt sein, die \u00fcber die erforderlichen Produktionskapazit\u00e4ten und beh\u00f6rdlichen Genehmigungen verf\u00fcgen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top: 7.8500pt; margin-bottom: 7.8500pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;\">Der Zugang zu Protionamid kann je nach Land oder Region unterschiedlich sein, da er von der Verf\u00fcgbarkeit und den Vertriebskan\u00e4len in verschiedenen M\u00e4rkten abh\u00e4ngt.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. \u00dcberblick Protionamid, auch bekannt als Prothionamid, ist ein synthetisches antibakterielles Mittel, das zur Klasse der Thioamide geh\u00f6rt. Es wird haupts\u00e4chlich zur Behandlung von Tuberkulose eingesetzt, insbesondere in F\u00e4llen, in denen der Patient eine Resistenz gegen andere Erstlinien-Antituberkulosemittel entwickelt hat. Protionamid wurde als Zweitlinien- oder alternative Behandlungsoption f\u00fcr multiresistente [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How Protionamide&#039;s Breakthrough Mechanism is Revolutionizing Tuberculosis Treatment! - China Chemical Manufacturer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/de\/wie-der-bahnbrechende-mechanismus-von-protionamiden-die-tuberkulosebehandlung-revolutioniert\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Protionamide&#039;s Breakthrough Mechanism is Revolutionizing Tuberculosis Treatment! - China Chemical Manufacturer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1.\u00a0Overview Protionamide, also known as Prothionamide, is a synthetic antibacterial agent that belongs to the thioamide class of compounds. 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