{"id":7333,"date":"2024-08-06T19:29:16","date_gmt":"2024-08-06T19:29:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/?p=7333"},"modified":"2024-08-06T19:29:16","modified_gmt":"2024-08-06T19:29:16","slug":"21-medicinal-plants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/da\/21-medicinal-plants\/","title":{"rendered":"Screening af antibakterielle aktiviteter og analyse af kemisk sammens\u00e6tning af ekstrakter fra 21 l\u00e6geplanter"},"content":{"rendered":"Screening af antibakterielle aktiviteter og analyse af kemisk sammens\u00e6tning af ekstrakter fra 21 l\u00e6geplanter
\nBomuld (Gossypium hirsutum L.) er en plante, der tilh\u00f8rer Malvaceae-familien og Gossypium-sl\u00e6gten. Det er en af de vigtigste \u00f8konomiske afgr\u00f8der i Kina, og dens produktion er relateret til at \u00f8ge landm\u00e6ndenes indkomst, stabilisere landbruget og fremme en sund udvikling af tekstilindustrien. Xinjiang er det vigtigste bomuldsproducerende omr\u00e5de i Kina, hvor den samlede bomuldsproduktion udgjorde 90,2% af landets samlede bomuldsproduktion i 2022. Men p\u00e5 grund af faktorer som langvarig kontinuerlig dyrkning i stor skala er forskellige sygdomme som bomuldsvisnesyge, fusariumvisnesyge og r\u00f8dbakteriose blevet alvorlige, hvilket har resulteret i et betydeligt fald i udbytte, kvalitet og plantningseffektivitet og er blevet de vigtigste faktorer, der begr\u00e6nser bomuldsproduktionen. P\u00e5 nuv\u00e6rende tidspunkt fokuserer forebyggelse og bek\u00e6mpelse af bomuldssygdomme hovedsageligt p\u00e5 kemisk bek\u00e6mpelse. P\u00e5 grund af den langvarige brug af kemiske pesticider og uvidenskabelig medicinering, milj\u00f8forurening, \u00f8get resistens hos plantepatogener samt deres h\u00f8je toksicitet, lange nedbrydningsperiode og store ophobning i f\u00f8devarer er det ikke egnet til de nuv\u00e6rende krav til udvikling af bomuld af h\u00f8j kvalitet. Derfor har folks opfattelse af brugen af kemiske pesticider \u00e6ndret sig meget. Ved at studere nye biokontrolmidler, hovedsageligt fra planter, er forekomsten af planter blevet holdt p\u00e5 et lavt niveau og er blevet et mere effektivt og sikkert alternativ.<\/p>\n
Gennem omfattende forskning har man fundet ud af, at planteekstrakter har en betydelig h\u00e6mmende effekt p\u00e5 patogene bakterier, der for\u00e5rsager bomuldsvisnesyge, r\u00f8dbakteriose og Fusarium-visnesyge. Blandt dem fandt El Samawaty et al., at ekstrakter fra fire planter, kanel, nellike, hvidl\u00f8g og ingef\u00e6r, i varierende grad h\u00e6mmede de 10 patogener, der for\u00e5rsager bomuldsvisnesyge, hvor ekstrakter af nellike og hvidl\u00f8g viste den bedste antibakterielle effekt. Pei et al. fandt i deres unders\u00f8gelse af den antibakterielle aktivitet af ekstrakter fra fem traditionelle kinesiske l\u00e6geurter, nemlig Sophora alopecuroides, Paeonia lactiflora, Polygonatum sibiricum, Hedyotis diffusa og Paeonia lactiflora, mod bomuldsvisnesyge, at Paeonia lactiflora havde den bedste h\u00e6mmende effekt med en h\u00e6mningsgrad p\u00e5 over 54%. Guo et al. brugte metoden til m\u00e5ling af myceliev\u00e6kst til at unders\u00f8ge den antibakterielle aktivitet af ekstrakter fra tre Artemisia-planter, herunder Artemisia scoparia, Artemisia scoparia og Artemisia scoparia, ved hj\u00e6lp af bomuldsr\u00f8dskimmel som teststamme. Resultaterne viste, at Artemisia scoparia-ekstraktet havde en st\u00e6rk og stabil antibakteriel aktivitet. Matloob et al. fandt, at ekstrakter fra burreblomster og sort spidskommen i en koncentration p\u00e5 10% havde den h\u00f8jeste h\u00e6mningsgrad mod fusariumsvamp i bomuld med en h\u00e6mningsgrad p\u00e5 henholdsvis 37,0% og 25,9%. Den h\u00e6mmende effekt af ekstrakt af kalebasbarkfr\u00f8 er lavere ved samme koncentration.<\/p>\n
Biologisk bek\u00e6mpelse af bomuldssygdomme som Fusarium-visnesyge og r\u00f8dr\u00e5d er en effektiv foranstaltning til at opn\u00e5 en gr\u00f8n landbrugsproduktion og reducere brugen af kemiske pesticider. Xinjiang har rigelige ressourcer af l\u00e6geplanter, og fremstilling af plantebaserede pesticider ved at udnytte lokale ressourcer er et st\u00e6rkt v\u00e6rkt\u00f8j til at fremme biologisk bek\u00e6mpelse. Datura stramoniums blade, blomster og fr\u00f8 kan alle bruges som medicin og best\u00e5r hovedsageligt af alkaloider, flygtige olier og phenolforbindelser. Det har insektdr\u00e6bende, gnaverdr\u00e6bende, ukrudtsbek\u00e6mpende og antibakterielle aktiviteter og er vidt udbredt i landbrugsjord og saltvandsomr\u00e5der i Xinjiang. Alkaloider, som er en type organiske nitrogenholdige aktive forbindelser i levende organismer, udg\u00f8r over 60% af l\u00e6gemidler med sm\u00e5 molekyler, hvilket g\u00f8r dem til den mest lovende klasse af forbindelser i udviklingen af nye l\u00e6gemidler med naturlige produkter. Dette studie har til form\u00e5l at unders\u00f8ge den h\u00e6mmende effekt af l\u00e6geplanter i Xinjiang p\u00e5 bomuldssygdomme, hvilket giver reference til udviklingen af plantebaserede pesticider i Xinjiang.<\/p>\n
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I denne unders\u00f8gelse viste 21 planteethanolekstrakter varierende grader af antibakteriel aktivitet mod patogene bakterier (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium oxysporum og Fusarium oxysporum), der for\u00e5rsager tre bomuldssygdomme i Xinjiang. Blandt dem havde ethanolekstraktet af Datura st\u00e6rk antibakteriel aktivitet mod disse tre patogener, hvilket indikerer, at Datura er et bredspektret fungicid. I relevante unders\u00f8gelser er det blevet verificeret, at Datura har antibakterielle virkninger p\u00e5 Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium oxysporum og Fusarium oxysporum. Den antibakterielle aktivitet i denne unders\u00f8gelse var dog ikke signifikant, hvilket kan skyldes ekstraktionsmetoden for Datura og den manglende evne til fuldt ud at ekstrahere de effektive antibakterielle komponenter. Derfor kan der v\u00e6re betydelige forskelle i effektiviteten af det samme aktive stof ved forskellige koncentrationer, s\u00e5 der er behov for yderligere forskning med hensyn til ekstraktionshastighed og andre aspekter i denne unders\u00f8gelse. Derudover har Xinjiang et stort omr\u00e5de og rige planteressourcer p\u00e5 grund af forskellige klimaer og komplekse naturlige geografiske forhold. Der er mere end 100 plantearter, der kan bruges som plantebaserede pesticider. I denne unders\u00f8gelse blev nogle planter tilf\u00e6ldigt indsamlet fra ugunstige milj\u00f8er som saltholdig alkalisk jord og t\u00f8r jord i Xinjiang. P\u00e5 den ene side beriger dette udvalget af antibakterielle planter i Xinjiang, men der er stadig en vis specificitet, som kr\u00e6ver yderligere forskning.<\/p>\n
If\u00f8lge resultaterne af dette eksperiment indeholder ethanol-r\u00e5ekstraktet af st\u00e6ngler og blade fra Alrune hovedsageligt 21 vigtige kemiske stoffer. Alkaloider er de mest aktive farmakologiske komponenter i alruneplanter, hovedsageligt scopolamin, betain, 6-deoxy-boghvedealkaloider, \u03b1-solanin og tomatalkaloider. Tidligere forskning har vist, at de vigtigste alkaloider i Datura stramonium er scopolamin og atropin, hvilket yderligere bekr\u00e6fter eksistensen af scopolamin. En anden vigtig komponent, atropin, blev dog ikke fundet i dette eksperiment. En litteraturgennemgang viste, at indholdet af scopolamin i bladv\u00e6vet af Datura stramonium i n\u00e6ringsperioden var unormalt h\u00f8jere end indholdet af atropin, mens indholdet af atropin i r\u00f8dder og st\u00e6ngler var meget h\u00f8jere end indholdet af scopolamin. Derfor kan det skyldes, at dette eksperiment hovedsageligt testede bladv\u00e6vet i ern\u00e6ringsperioden for Datura, og atropin og scopolamin har betydelige forskelle i forskellige dele og v\u00e6kststadier af Datura, hvilket resulterer i forskelle i sammens\u00e6tningsanalysen af Datura.<\/p>\n
Denne unders\u00f8gelse viser, at planteressourcer i Xinjiang har ekstremt h\u00f8j medicinsk aktivitet og stort forskningspotentiale for antibakterielle midler baseret p\u00e5 planteafledt forskning, hvilket giver inspiration til nye l\u00e6gemiddelforbindelser. Denne unders\u00f8gelse er dog kun en forel\u00f8big screening og analyse, og der er stadig nogle forskelle fra tidligere forskning. Der b\u00f8r forskes yderligere i de udvalgte effektive planteekstrakters virkem\u00e5de og virkningsmekanisme samt deres bakteriedr\u00e6bende aktivitet p\u00e5 levende planter for at kunne anvende dem til udvikling og udnyttelse af nye plantebaserede l\u00e6gemidler til landbruget.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Screening of Antibacterial Activities and Chemical Composition Analysis of Extracts from 21 Medicinal Plants Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a plant belonging to the Malvaceae family and the Gossypium genus. It is one of the important economic crops in China, and its production is related to increasing farmers’ income, stabilizing agriculture, and promoting the healthy […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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