{"id":6735,"date":"2024-08-06T14:18:26","date_gmt":"2024-08-06T14:18:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/?p=6735"},"modified":"2024-08-06T14:18:26","modified_gmt":"2024-08-06T14:18:26","slug":"volatile-organic-compounds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/da\/volatile-organic-compounds\/","title":{"rendered":"Forskningsfremskridt inden for syntese og metaboliske veje for flygtige organiske forbindelser i planter samt deres frigivelses- og perceptionsreguleringsmekanismer"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Forskningsfremskridt inden for syntese og metaboliske veje for flygtige organiske forbindelser i planter samt deres frigivelses- og perceptionsreguleringsmekanismer<br \/>\nMenneskelige aktiviteter og biologisk metabolisme producerer forskellige flygtige organiske forbindelser (VOC'er), som kan klassificeres i biogene flygtige organiske forbindelser (BVOC'er) og antropogene flygtige organiske forbindelser (AVOC'er) baseret p\u00e5 deres kilder. Blandt dem er planter den vigtigste kilde til biogene flygtige organiske forbindelser (BVOC) i atmosf\u00e6ren, som generelt syntetiseres gennem planternes sekund\u00e6re metaboliske veje. I 1950'erne og 1960'erne blev det f\u00f8rste gang rapporteret, at planter var i stand til at frigive BVOC'er, og det har nu vist sig, at n\u00e6sten alle planter kan frigive BVOC'er.<\/p>\n<p>Flygtige organiske forbindelser (VOC'er) er en vigtig egenskab ved planter, som adskiller sig fra de fysiske egenskaber ved traditionelle planteterpener, fedtsyrer og phenylalanin\/aromatiske ringmetabolitter. De er mere udbredte og spiller derfor forskellige vigtige roller i plantelivet, idet de fungerer som det vigtigste medium for kommunikation mellem planter og overf\u00f8rer vigtig planteinformation til andre organismer og formidler forskellige synergistiske interaktioner over og under jorden. Talrige unders\u00f8gelser har vist, at plante-BVOC'er har allelopatiske effekter, som kan frigive allelopatiske stoffer til det omgivende milj\u00f8 gennem fordampning og derved p\u00e5virke forsvarsresponsen, reproduktionen og konkurrencen hos de omgivende planter; Under stressende forhold kan planter afhj\u00e6lpe den skade, de lider af biotisk eller abiotisk stress, ved at frigive BVOC'er som isopren eller gr\u00f8nne bladflygtige stoffer; Syntesen og frigivelsen af forskellige BVOC'er fra blomster og n\u00e6ringsdele har ogs\u00e5 indflydelse p\u00e5 planternes reproduktion, idet de normalt frigiver flygtige forbindelser med bestemte lugte gennem kronblade og kirtler for at tiltr\u00e6kke specifikke best\u00f8vende insekter til best\u00f8vning; BVOC'er fra planter kan ogs\u00e5 direkte forbedre planters konkurrenceevne gennem emissioner og have negativ indflydelse p\u00e5 modtagere eller indirekte regulere planters konkurrencemekanismer ved at manipulere interaktioner med andre n\u00e6ringsstofniveauer; Derudover frigiver planter ikke kun BVOC'er for at beskytte sig selv, men giver ogs\u00e5 tidlig advarsel til n\u00e6rliggende up\u00e5virkede planter, hvilket g\u00f8r dem mere defensive mod efterf\u00f8lgende stress.<br \/>\nBVOC'er fra planter spiller ogs\u00e5 en vigtig rolle i menneskers liv. If\u00f8lge statistikkerne udg\u00f8r de \u00e5rlige udledninger af BVOC'er fra planter 90% af de globale terrestriske udledninger af flygtige organiske forbindelser uden metan, som har betydelig indvirkning p\u00e5 andre organismer samt atmosf\u00e6rens kemi og fysik. De frigivne BVOC'er fra planter \u00f8ger i n\u00e6rv\u00e6r af sollys og nitrogenoxider (NOx) niveauerne af O3 og andre oxidanter i atmosf\u00e6ren, hvilket f\u00f8rer til dannelse af troposf\u00e6risk ozon og fremmer produktionen af sekund\u00e6re organiske aerosoler; Derudover kan mange BVOC'er fra planter ogs\u00e5 give mennesker naturlige ressourcer og bruges i vid udstr\u00e6kning i parfume, drikkevarer, smagsstoffer, kosmetik og andre industrier.<br \/>\nDe BVOC'er, der frigives af planter, har en enorm indvirkning p\u00e5 planter og endda menneskers liv. I de senere \u00e5r er forskning i forskellige BVOC'er fra planter blevet et varmt emne. BVOC'er produceres i forskellige planteorganers fysiologiske stofskifte, frigives og kommer ud i det omgivende milj\u00f8 og opfattes derefter igen af planter, der spiller en rolle i at afvise skadedyr, afvise ukrudt og sprede information. Denne artikel gennemg\u00e5r prim\u00e6rt reguleringsmekanismerne i syntese- og metabolismevejene for BVOC'er i planter, de fysiologiske og fysisk-kemiske egenskaber af frigivne celler og planters opfattelse og regulering af BVOC'er.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6736\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1-252.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"790\" height=\"370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1-252.png 790w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1-252-768x360.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 790px) 100vw, 790px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6737\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2-210.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"788\" height=\"399\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2-210.png 788w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2-210-768x389.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 788px) 100vw, 788px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6738\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/3-196.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"786\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/3-196.png 786w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/3-196-768x415.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 786px) 100vw, 786px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6739\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/4-175.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"789\" height=\"661\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/4-175.png 789w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/4-175-768x643.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 789px) 100vw, 789px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6740\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/5-159.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"785\" height=\"668\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/5-159.png 785w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/5-159-768x654.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 785px) 100vw, 785px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6741\" src=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/6-145.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"787\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/6-145.png 787w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/6-145-650x433.png 650w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/6-145-325x217.png 325w, https:\/\/longchangextracts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/6-145-768x512.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 787px) 100vw, 787px\" \/>I de sidste par \u00e5rtier er der gjort betydelige fremskridt i forst\u00e5elsen af syntesen og de metaboliske reguleringsmekanismer samt reguleringen af frigivelse og opfattelse af BVOC'er i planter. Men p\u00e5 grund af kompleksiteten af terpenoidbiosyntese og metaboliske veje er mange enzymkodede gener ikke klart defineret, og nogle modifikationer i slutfasen af terpenoidsyntese og -metabolisme er stort set ukendte. Der er stadig mange huller i forskningen i flygtige fedtsyremetabolitter og flygtige phenylalanin\/aromatiske ringmetabolitter. Der er behov for yderligere forskning for at identificere deres vigtigste enzymer og relaterede gener i metaboliske veje, samt hvordan disse gener reguleres af transkriptionsfaktorer. Da BVOC'er fra planter frigives fra forskellige planteceller gennem flere barrierer (herunder cytoplasma, plasmamembran, cellev\u00e6g, stratum corneum osv.), har mange forskere foresl\u00e5et flere hypoteser om, hvordan BVOC'er bev\u00e6ger sig i og mellem planteceller, samt hvordan de frigives til milj\u00f8et. Der er dog stadig mange sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l og kontroverser, der skal l\u00f8ses. Samtidig har vores forskningsgruppe i tidligere unders\u00f8gelser fundet ud af, at eksterne faktorer har st\u00f8rre indflydelse p\u00e5 frigivelsen af BVOC'er fra planter end deres egne faktorer, hvilket rejser sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5let om, hvordan eksterne faktorer (som f.eks. milj\u00f8faktorer) p\u00e5virker frigivelsen af BVOC'er fra planter. Desuden opfattes BVOC'er fra planter og omdannes til signaler af planter efter frigivelsen, hvorved de fremkalder specifikke reaktioner i planteceller. I fremtiden skal mere pr\u00e6cise mekanismer og veje til regulering af opfattelsen afsl\u00f8res.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research progress on the synthesis and metabolic pathways of volatile organic compounds in plants, as well as their release and perception regulation mechanisms Human activities and biological metabolism produce various volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can be classified into biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOCs) based on their sources. 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