Hvad er resistent stivelse?<\/strong><\/p>\nI 1992 definerede FAO (FN's f\u00f8devare- og landbrugsorganisation) det p\u00e5 baggrund af en unders\u00f8gelse af Englyst og European Resistant Starch Research Collaboration (EURESA) som \"ikke-absorberbar stivelse og nedbrydningsprodukter af resistent stivelse i tyndtarmen hos raske personer\". Popul\u00e6rt sagt bliver resistent stivelse ikke absorberet og nedbrudt enzymatisk i tyndtarmen, men den kan gennemg\u00e5 en g\u00e6ringsreaktion med flygtige fedtsyrer i tyktarmen i den menneskelige mave-tarmkanal. Derfor er resistent stivelse ogs\u00e5 kendt som anti-enzymatisk stivelse og uford\u00f8jelig stivelse.<\/p>\n
RS findes i vid udstr\u00e6kning i nogle frugter og b\u00e6lgplanter. F\u00f8devareforarbejdning som varmebehandling af stivelsesholdige f\u00f8devarer, s\u00e5som korn og pasta, vil producere RS, som ikke er s\u00e5 let at opretholde et h\u00f8jt vandindhold som kostfibre.<\/p>\n
Klassificering af resistent stivelse<\/strong><\/p>\nRS1<\/strong><\/p>\nRS1 er fysiologisk uacceptabel stivelse, som regel fuldkorn og store stivelseskorn. Det henviser til den stivelse, som amylasen ikke kan komme i kontakt med p\u00e5 grund af cellev\u00e6ggenes barriereeffekt eller proteinernes sekvestrerende effekt. Som i delvist malet korn og b\u00e6lgfrugter er noget af stivelsen indkapslet i cellev\u00e6ggene og svulmer ikke op og spredes tilstr\u00e6kkeligt i vand til, at amylase kan komme til, og er derfor ikke ford\u00f8jelig. Men efter forarbejdning og tygning bliver de ofte ford\u00f8jelige.<\/p>\n
RS2<\/strong><\/p>\nResistente stivelseskorn, der henviser til de stivelser, der er naturligt resistente over for ford\u00f8jelsen. De findes hovedsageligt i r\u00e5 kartofler, bananer og majsstivelse med h\u00f8j grad af lige k\u00e6de. Deres modstandsdygtighed over for enzymatisk ford\u00f8jelse skyldes en t\u00e6t og delvist krystallinsk struktur, og deres modstandsdygtighed forsvinder, n\u00e5r pastaen er f\u00e6rdig.<\/p>\n
RS3<\/strong><\/p>\nRegenereret stivelse refererer til stivelse, der krystalliserer under afk\u00f8ling eller opbevaring efter inds\u00e6tning og er vanskelig at nedbryde med amylase, ogs\u00e5 kendt som \u00e6ldre stivelse. S\u00e5som kogte kolde kartofler osv.<\/p>\n
RS4<\/strong><\/p>\nKemisk modificeret stivelse (ChemicallyModifiedStarch) refererer hovedsageligt til den enzymresistente stivelsesdel efter fysisk eller kemisk denaturering p\u00e5 grund af \u00e6ndringen af stivelsens molekyl\u00e6re struktur samt indf\u00f8relsen af nogle kemiske funktionelle grupper, s\u00e5som carboxymethylstivelse, tv\u00e6rbundet stivelse og s\u00e5 videre. I mellemtiden henviser det ogs\u00e5 til den enzymresistente stivelsesfraktion, der er produceret af \u00e6ndringer i stivelsens molekyl\u00e6re struktur for\u00e5rsaget af genetisk modifikation under dyrkning, s\u00e5som genetisk modifikation eller \u00e6ndringer i den molekyl\u00e6re struktur for\u00e5rsaget af kemiske metoder.<\/p>\n
Rollen af resistent stivelse<\/strong><\/p>\nResistent stivelse optimerer tarmmilj\u00f8et<\/strong><\/p>\nResistent stivelse ford\u00f8jes ikke af kroppens mave og tyndtarm, s\u00e5 den kan komme intakt ind i tyktarmen. N\u00e5r det er kommet ind i tyktarmen, udnytter gavnlige bakterier i tarmene denne stivelse til fermentering.<\/p>\n
Fermentering med gavnlige bakterier forbedrer milj\u00f8et i tarmene, f.eks. ved at s\u00e6nke pH-v\u00e6rdien i tarmene og producere kortk\u00e6dede fedtsyrer.<\/p>\n
Og blandt disse fedtsyrer er der masser af butyrat. Butyrat er en energikilde af h\u00f8j kvalitet for cellerne i tyktarmen, hvilket reducerer inflammation og s\u00e6nker risikoen for tarmkr\u00e6ft. Og disse kortk\u00e6dede fedtsyrer opretholder tarmv\u00e6ggens integritet og forebygger dermed ut\u00e6t tarm-syndrom.<\/p>\n
Butyrat bliver ikke kun i tarmene, det kommer ogs\u00e5 ind i blodbanen og kan ogs\u00e5 v\u00e6re nyttigt for andre dele af kroppen. Butyrat har en st\u00e6rk antiinflammatorisk effekt i immuncellerne i den menneskelige blodbane.<\/p>\n
Det er v\u00e6rd at foresl\u00e5, at resistent stivelse \u00f8ger indholdet af butyrat mere markant end andre pr\u00e6biotika.<\/p>\n
I dyrefors\u00f8g viste det sig desuden, at resistent stivelse \u00f8ger tarmens optagelse af calcium, jern og magnesium.<\/p>\n
Resistent stivelse s\u00e6nker blodsukkeret og \u00f8ger insulinf\u00f8lsomheden<\/strong><\/p>\nResistent stivelse spiller en vigtig rolle for kroppens metaboliske sundhed.<\/p>\n
Insulinresistens er en medvirkende faktor til mange kroniske inflammatoriske sygdomme, herunder metabolisk syndrom, Alzheimers sygdom, fedme og hjerte-kar-sygdomme.<\/p>\n
Mange unders\u00f8gelser har vist, at resistent stivelse forbedrer insulinf\u00f8lsomheden, og at resistent stivelse ogs\u00e5 er effektiv til at s\u00e6nke det postprandiale blodsukker.<\/p>\n
I en unders\u00f8gelse havde overv\u00e6gtige og fede mennesker, der indtog 15-30 gram resistent stivelse om dagen, en god stigning i insulinf\u00f8lsomheden, svarende til en reduktion i kropsv\u00e6gt p\u00e5 10%.<\/p>\n
Desuden har resistent stivelse en \"forsinket m\u00e5ltidseffekt\", hvilket betyder, at hvis du spiser et m\u00e5ltid rigt p\u00e5 resistent stivelse ved frokosttid, vil dit blodsukker v\u00e6re s\u00e6nket efter aftensmaden.<\/p>\n
N\u00e5r resistent stivelse nedbrydes af bakterier i tyktarmen, bliver den glukose, der produceres, faktisk straks udnyttet af tarmbakterier og kommer ikke ind i menneskets blodbane.<\/p>\n
Resistent stivelse hj\u00e6lper med v\u00e6gttab<\/strong><\/p>\nResistent stivelse kan hj\u00e6lpe med at tabe sig p\u00e5 forskellige m\u00e5der. Som vi n\u00e6vnte ovenfor, s\u00e6nker resistent stivelse blodsukkeret og forbedrer insulinf\u00f8lsomheden, hvilket er godt for v\u00e6gttabet. Desuden \u00f8ger resistent stivelse m\u00e6theden og reducerer fedtlagring i fedtlagercellerne.<\/p>\n
Fors\u00f8g med mus har vist, at resistent stivelse kan reducere v\u00e6gten.<\/p>\n
Resistent stivelse hj\u00e6lper med at behandle allergier<\/strong><\/p>\nUnders\u00f8gelser har vist, at langvarig indtagelse af resistent stivelse reducerer apoptose af tarmceller og opretholder tarmslimhindens integritet. Desuden reducerer det forekomsten af ut\u00e6t tarm-syndrom og forhindrer eksotoksiner i at komme ind i blodbanen.<\/p>\n
Allergier og autoimmune sygdomme er ofte forbundet med \u00f8get intestinal permeabilitet, og resistent stivelse kan hj\u00e6lpe med dette.<\/p>\n
Anvendelsesomr\u00e5der for resistent stivelse<\/strong>
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What is the classification and application of resistant starch? What is resistant starch? In 1992, the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), based on a study by Englyst and the European Resistant Starch Research Collaboration (EURESA), defined it as “non-absorbable starch and degradation products of resistant starch in the small intestine of […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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