Beverages are liquids that are produced by different formulations and manufacturing processes using water as the basic raw material for direct consumption. In addition to providing water, beverages are nutritious because they contain varying amounts of sugar, acid, lactic acid, sodium, fat, energy, and nutrients such as amino acids, vitamins, and inorganic salts in different varieties of beverages.

Below is a description of several commonly used beverages and their production processes.

Classification

1. By alcohol content
Alcoholic beverages can be divided into alcoholic beverages and non-alcoholic beverages, and non-alcoholic beverages are also called soft drinks.

Alcoholic beverages are beverages for people to drink with ethanol (alcohol) content of 0.5-65% (v/v), including all kinds of fermented wine, distilled wine and prepared wine.

Non-alcoholic beverages are fluids, including solid beverages, with an alcohol content of less than 0.5 percent (v/v), with the main purpose of replenishing the body’s water.

2. According to the organizational form

It can be divided into 3 kinds: solid, common state and liquid.

Solid beverage refers to sugar, milk and dairy products, eggs or egg products, fruit juice or edible plant extracts as the main raw materials, add the appropriate amount of excipients or food additives made of solid products per 100 grams of finished product moisture is not more than 5 grams, in the form of powder, granules or blocks, such as soy crystal powder, cream of wheat, instant coffee, chrysanthemum crystals, etc., divided into protein-type solid beverages, common solid beverages and baked solid beverages ( Instant coffee) 3 categories.

Symbolic beverages refer to those beverages that can be both solid and liquid, and are in a transitional state in terms of morphology. Such as cold drinks in the ice cream, popsicles, ice bricks, ice cream and so on.

Liquid beverages are those with a solid content of 5% to 8% (30% to 50% concentrated), no certain shape, easy to flow drinks.

3. According to the processing technology

It can be categorized into 4 types as follows:

(1) collection type: collection of natural resources, no processing or simple filtering, sterilization and other processing products, such as natural mineral water.
2) Extraction type: beverages made from natural fruits, vegetables or other plants by crushing, pressing or maceration, extraction and other processes, such as fruit juice, vegetable juice or other plant-based beverages.
(3) Preparation type: beverages prepared with natural raw materials and additives, including carbon dioxide-filled sodas.
4) Fermented: beverages made by fermentation of yeast, lactic acid bacteria, etc., including sterilized and unpasteurized.

Introduction of Beverages

1. Carbonated Beverages

Carbonated beverages (soft drinks) are beverages filled with carbon dioxide gas under certain conditions. The main ingredients of carbonated beverages include carbonated water, citric acid and other acidic substances, sugar, spices, and some contain caffeine and artificial colors. In addition to sugar to give the body to supplement energy, the inflatable “carbonated beverages” in almost no nutrients. The common ones are: Coke, Sprite, and soft drinks. Excessive consumption is harmful to the body.

The production process of carbonated drinks can be divided into primary filling method and secondary filling method.

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Primary Filling Method

It is also known as pre-mixing filling method, finished product filling method or pre-mixing method. The flavored syrup and water are pumped into the carbonated beverage mixer in advance according to a certain proportion, and then cooled after quantitative mixing, and then the mixture is carbonated and then loaded into the container.

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Secondary Filling Method

Also known as the ready-to-mix filling method, pre-syrup method or post-mixing method. The flavored syrup is first quantitatively injected into the container, then carbonated water is added to the specified amount, sealed and then mixed well.

2. Fruit juice (syrup) and fruit juice beverage category

Defined as fresh or frozen fruit as raw materials, processed products. Fruit juice (pulp) and fruit juice drinks (products) can also be subdivided into fruit juice, fruit pulp, concentrated fruit pulp, fruit drinks, fruit juice drinks, fruit juice drinks, fruit drinks, fruit drinks, fruit drinks, fruit drinks and other 9 types of pulp, most of which use the pulp process will be processed into the edible part of the fruit or fruit is not fermented but can be fermented into the slurry or in the concentration of the fruit pulp by adding the fruit pulp in the concentration of the loss of natural water in an amount equal to the amount of water, made of With the original fruit pulp color, flavor and soluble solids content of the product.

3. Vegetable juice drinks

The so-called fruit and vegetable juice refers to the fruit and vegetable juice obtained by physical methods such as pressing, extraction, centrifugation and other methods without adding any foreign substances, directly taking fresh or frozen fruits and vegetables (there are also some fruits) as raw materials, after cleaning and selecting. Fruit and vegetable juice as the base material, add water, sugar, acid or spices blended into the juice called fruit and vegetable juice drinks.

Fresh or frozen fruits and vegetables (there are some using wide fruit) as raw materials, after cleaning, selection, physical methods such as pressing, extraction, centrifugation and other methods to get the fruit and vegetable juice, known as fruit and vegetable juice, fruit and vegetable juice is also known as “liquid fruit and vegetable”. Fruit and vegetable juice as the base material, by adding sugar, acid, flavors, colors and other modulations of the product, known as fruit and vegetable juice drinks.

Its production process:
Turbid fruit and vegetable juice: fruit and vegetable raw materials → cleaning, selection, grading → juice → separation → sterilization → cooling → blending → homogenization → degassing → sterilization → filling → fruit and vegetable juice beverage production line
Clarification of fruit and vegetable juice: fruit and vegetable raw materials → cleaning, selection, grading → juice → separation → sterilization → cooling → centrifugal separation → enzymatic clarification → filtration → blending → degassing → sterilization → filling → clarification of fruit and vegetable juice

Concentrated fruit and vegetable juice: fruit and vegetable raw materials → cleaning, selection, grading → juice → separation → sterilization → cooling → centrifugal separation → concentration → blending → canning → concentrated fruit and vegetable juice

4. Milk-containing beverages

Milk beverages refers to fresh milk or dairy products as raw materials, fermented or unfermented products made of processing. Milk beverages are divided into prepared milk beverages and fermented milk beverages. Formulated milk beverage is milk or dairy products as raw materials, adding water, sugar, sweeteners, acidulants, fruit juice, tea, coffee, plant extracts, etc., one or more of the modulation of the beverage.

5. Vegetable Protein Beverages

Vegetable protein drinks: plant nuts, pulp and soybean as raw materials (such as soybeans, peanuts, almonds, walnuts, coconut, etc.), after processing, blending, and then by high-pressure sterilization or aseptic packaging of milky beverages.

Plant protein drink production process:
Pretreatment – soaking – grinding – pulp residue separation – deodorization – blending – homogenization – filling and sealing – high-temperature sterilization – cooling – finished products – product inspection

6. Bottled drinking water

Bottled drinking water is sealed in containers, and sold to consumers directly drinking water, bottled is generally used to fill the water packaging containers, such as glass bottles, plastic bottles, plastic drums, cans, paper packaging and so on.

The production process is: raw water filtration → chlorine sterilization → blending → precision filtration → sterilization → filling → sealing → inspection → mineral water

The production process of bottled drinking water is usually composed of three parts: pretreatment, desalination and post-treatment.

Pretreatment includes physical methods, chemical methods and electrochemical methods.
Physical methods include clarification, sand filtration, degassing, membrane filtration, activated carbon adsorption and so on.
Chemical methods: coagulation, dosing sterilization, disinfection, redox, complexation, ion exchange and so on.
Electrochemical methods include electrocoagulation.
Desalination processes include electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, ion exchange and distillation.
Post-treatment processes include ultraviolet sterilization, ozone sterilization, terminal filtration (ultrafiltration, microfiltration) and packaging.

7. Tea drinks

Tea drinks refers to tea leaves steeped in water, tea broth made by extraction, filtration, clarification and other processes or in the tea broth by adding water, sugar, acidulants, flavors, fruit juices or plant (cereal) extracts and other modulation of processed products. Tea drinks refers to the tea extract, tea powder, concentrate as the main raw material processed drinks, with the unique flavor of tea, containing natural tea polyphenols, caffeine and other effective components of tea, both nutrition, health care, is a cool, thirst-quenching multi-functional drinks.

Its processing technology is:
Water treatment → water + auxiliary tea water extract (instant tea powder) → blending (or not) → filtration → sterilization → filling and capping → light test → finished products

8.Solid Beverages

Solid beverages refers to sugar, milk and dairy products, eggs or egg products, fruit juices or edible plant extracts as the main raw materials, add an appropriate amount of excipients or food additives made per 100 grams of finished product water is not more than 5 grams of solid products in the form of powder, granules or blocks, such as crystallized soybean powder, cream of wheat, instant coffee, chrysanthemum crystals, etc., divided into protein-type solid beverages, general solid beverages and baked solid beverages ( Instant coffee) 3 categories.

Processing technology of fruity solid beverage: combining materials → molding → drying → sieving → inspection → packaging → finished products

Protein-based solid beverage processing technology: sugar → pulp mixing → mixing → emulsification → storage → degassing → storage → disc → drying → crushing → storage → inspection → packaging → finished products

9.Special-purpose beverages

Special-purpose beverages, also known as health beverages, refers to the proportion of nutrients in the beverage by adjusting the composition and content, or adding a specific functional component to adapt to the needs of certain special groups of people drinks. These include three categories: sports drinks, nutrient drinks and other special-purpose drinks.

Conclusion SUMMARY

With the rapid development of the food industry and the increasing improvement of people’s living standards, people have put forward higher requirements for the dietary structure, and their dietary habits have gradually shifted to foods with reasonable nutritional and health care functions, and fermented foods, which represent health and green, will further expand their market share.

In recent years, China’s beverage market has been booming, with carbonated beverages, tea beverages, fruit and vegetable juice beverages, and functional beverages occupying a large proportion. Beverages continue to mature, new technologies continue to develop, and new products catering to consumers’ tastes and concepts continue to emerge. Therefore, the screening of high quality methods applicable to beverages and the development of new beverage products have a broad market and application prospect.