Screening of anti-inflammatory components in Aina sesame oil and their effects on inflammatory factors
Blumea balsamfera (L.) DC is a herbaceous plant in the Asteraceae family, which has the effects of warming the middle and promoting blood circulation, dispelling wind and dampness, relieving typhoid and cold, killing bacteria and relieving itching, and preventing joint inflammation. As an accessory product of extracting mugwort tablets from mugwort, literature reports that there are 143 compounds in mugwort. In the early stage of laboratory testing, 39 volatile compounds were identified through GC-MS detection. It has also been reported that mugwort has good pharmacological activity in anti-inflammatory aspects, but the material basis of its anti-inflammatory effect has not been clarified. The purpose of this experiment is to screen the anti-inflammatory pharmacological activities of compounds with high volatile content detected by GC-MS in Aina sesame oil, and to study their effects on macrophage inflammatory factors, evaluate their anti-inflammatory effects, provide theoretical basis for the deep development of Aina sesame oil, and provide reference for the study of anti-inflammatory effects of traditional Chinese medicine.

According to literature and related data reports, there are 143 compounds in Artemisia annua, mainly concentrated in volatile oils and flavonoids, including L-camphora, camphor, α – pinene, β – caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, linalool, etc. In the early stage of laboratory testing, 39 volatile components were identified in Artemisia annua oil through GC-MS detection. In order to investigate whether these components have anti-inflammatory activity, the author selected 14 volatile compounds with a content of more than 1% for anti-inflammatory activity research. SRS-A is a complex containing multiple LTs, which belongs to the secondary product of lipoxygenase in the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA). It can cause respiratory diseases such as bronchitis, emphysema, and pulmonary heart disease. Research on SRS-A generation inhibitors and receptor blockers has become an important direction for finding new anti-inflammatory and immune drugs. Therefore, the author preliminarily screened five compounds with anti-inflammatory potential, including (-) – camphora, (-) – α – pinene, (-) – linalool, trans caryophyllene, camphor, etc., through in vitro sensitization of guinea pig ileum experiments. Using animal acute and chronic inflammation models, further screening was conducted to identify the important anti-inflammatory active ingredients of (-) – linalool and trans caryophyllene (-) – camphora in Aina oil. As for whether other compounds in Aina sesame oil that were not involved in this study and not reported in the literature also have anti-inflammatory activity, further in-depth research is needed.

AA, as an important substance of common fatty acids in the body, is mainly metabolized through the COX pathway, followed by the LOX pathway, which can promote the release of PG and LTs. Among them, 12-LOX can catalyze iNOS induced NO production, and FLAP is a combination protein of the cell membrane that mediates the transmission of LOX. Both of them play a role as inflammatory mediators in the inflammatory process, and inhibiting the above products can reduce the occurrence of inflammation. NF – κ B, as a key signaling factor in inflammatory response, plays a central role in cytokine mediated inflammatory response. It can induce gene expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF – α, IL-1 β, etc.), amplifying the cascade of inflammatory response. NF – κ B-p65 is a core protein in the NF – κ B signaling pathway, and excessive inflammatory response can lead to increased expression of NF – κ B-p65. The results of this study indicate that (-) – linalool and trans caryophyllene have inhibitory effects on these inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and (-) – camptothecin also exhibits inhibitory effects on them, but the dose dependence is poor. There are relevant literature reports on their inhibitory effects on inflammatory mediators such as COX-2, iNOS, NO, and PGE2, while there is relatively little research on 5-LOX, FLAP, and LTB4. Therefore, this study also provides data to enrich their anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The above results suggest that (-) – linalool and trans caryophyllene are important anti-inflammatory substances in Aina oil.