Acetanilide (CAS 103-84-4) – Comprehensive Guide

What is Acetanilide?

Acetanilide, with the chemical formula C8H9NO and molecular weight of 135.16 g/mol, is an organic compound classified as an anilide and a member of the acetamide family. Its IUPAC name is N-phenylacetamide. This white, crystalline solid has been widely used in various industrial and pharmaceutical applications since its discovery in the late 19th century.

Acetanilide occurs as a colorless to white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and various organic solvents. It is synthesized through the acetylation of aniline using acetic acid or acetic anhydride. The compound serves as a crucial intermediate in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and other organic chemicals.

What Are the Benefits?

Pharmaceutical Applications

Acetanilide has historically been used as an analgesic (pain reliever) and antipyretic (fever reducer) agent. It was one of the earliest synthetic painkillers used in medicine before being largely replaced by safer alternatives like acetaminophen (paracetamol). However, acetanilide derivatives continue to be studied for their potential therapeutic benefits.

Chemical Intermediate

One of the primary benefits of acetanilide is its role as a versatile chemical intermediate. It is used in the synthesis of:

• Sulfa drugs (sulfonamide antibiotics)
• Dye intermediates
• Rubber accelerators
• Stabilizers for cellulose ester varnishes
• Photographic chemicals

Industrial Uses

In industrial settings, acetanilide serves as:

• A key intermediate in pesticide synthesis
• A stabilizer in hydrogen peroxide formulations
• An additive in electroplating solutions
• A precursor for the production of rubber chemicals

What Are the Uses?

Acetanilide finds applications across multiple industries:

Pharmaceutical Industry

While no longer used directly in medications due to toxicity concerns, acetanilide remains important in pharmaceutical manufacturing as a building block for developing new drugs and as a starting material for synthesizing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).

Dye and Pigment Manufacturing

The compound is extensively used in the production of azo dyes and other colorants. Its ability to form stable chemical bonds makes it valuable in creating vibrant, colorfast dyes for textiles and other materials.

Agrochemical Production

Acetanilide derivatives are used in the synthesis of various agricultural chemicals, including herbicides and fungicides. These compounds help protect crops and improve agricultural yields.

Research and Development

In laboratory settings, acetanilide serves as a standard compound for various analytical and research applications, including chromatography and spectroscopy studies.

Safety and Handling

While acetanilide has proven industrial utility, proper safety precautions are essential when handling this chemical:

Potential Health Effects

Prolonged or repeated exposure to acetanilide may cause:

• Skin and eye irritation
• Respiratory tract irritation
• Potential effects on the liver and kidneys with chronic exposure

Safety Precautions

• Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, safety goggles, and lab coat
• Work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation
• Avoid inhalation of dust or vapors
• Store in a cool, dry place away from incompatible materials
• Follow all relevant safety data sheet (SDS) guidelines

Chemical Specifications

Property	Value
CAS Number	103-84-4
Molecular Formula	C8H9NO
Molecular Weight	135.16 g/mol
IUPAC Name	N-phenylacetamide
Appearance	White crystalline solid
Melting Point	113-115°C
Boiling Point	304°C
Solubility	Soluble in water, ethanol, ether, acetone
Density	1.219 g/cm³
LogP	1.2

Frequently Asked Questions

Is acetanilide still used in medications?

Acetanilide itself is no longer used in medications due to toxic side effects. However, its derivatives and related compounds continue to be used in drug development.

What is the difference between acetanilide and paracetamol?

Acetanilide is a precursor compound that was used to develop paracetamol (acetaminophen). While related, they are distinct chemical compounds with different properties and safety profiles.

Can acetanilide be purchased for research purposes?

Yes, acetanilide is commercially available from chemical suppliers for research, industrial, and educational purposes.

Why Choose Our Acetanilide?

We supply high-quality acetanilide (CAS 103-84-4) meeting international quality standards. Our product is:

• Purity: ≥98%
• Consistent quality with batch-to-batch reproducibility
• Available in various packaging sizes
• Technical support and documentation provided
• Competitive pricing for bulk orders

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