Sparassis species have fresh and tender meat, and are nutrient rich edible fungi. There are 10 species in the genus Hydrangea, and current research on polysaccharides from Hydrangea mainly focuses on two species, namely Sparassis crispa and Sparassis latifolia. The polysaccharide content in Streptococcus is abundant and is its main bioactive substance. Studies have shown that Streptococcus polysaccharides have anti-tumor effects, intestinal immune regulatory functions, and antioxidant effects. The structure of polysaccharides is the basis for their biological activity, according to reports The main polysaccharide of crispa is branched β – (1 → 3) – D-glucan, but its molecular weight (200kDa) is relatively large and difficult to dissolve in water. S. The polysaccharides isolated from Latifolia are mainly composed of glucose, mannose, galactose, xylose, and fructose. Spatial structure studies have shown that the polysaccharide has a network structure, and its chemical structure is unclear. This project uses S. subalpina as the raw material to characterize in detail the chemical and spatial structures of its main polysaccharides, and to study its anti-inflammatory activity. Compared with other species of the genus Hydrangea, there are currently no relevant reports at home and abroad. Wild resources of Streptococcus are scarce, and research on more small species can help tap into their potential for better development and application.
The extraction process model for total sugar of Streptococcus mutans in subalpine mountains was obtained as Y=14.84+2.29X1+0.14X2-0.59X3-2.54X1X2-0.10X1X3+0.80X2X3-1.52X12+0.01X22-1.08X32. The optimal extraction conditions were obtained (liquid to material ratio=80mL/g, extraction time=60min, extraction temperature=70 ℃), and the extraction rate under these conditions was (18.21 ± 0.68)%. A water-soluble polysaccharide SSP was isolated and purified from Streptococcus subalpina, with a yield of 10.50%. SSP components are homogeneous, containing characteristic functional groups of carbohydrate substances with a sugar content of 99.30%. It does not contain proteins or nucleic acids and undergoes substance decomposition within the temperature range of 258-408 ℃. The weight average molecular weight is 50kDa, composed of glucose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose, with a molar mass ratio of 6.5:1.3:1:1 for each monosaccharide. SSP is a polysaccharide without branching structure, and its chemical repeating units are → 3) – α – D-Galp – (1 → 2) – β – D-Glup – (1 → 3) – β – L-Araf – (1 → 3) – α – D-Man p – (1 →). Its spatial structure is characterized by a network structure of interwoven polysaccharide chains. A successful inflammation model was established, and 25 μ g/mL or 75 μ g/mL polysaccharide SSP significantly inhibited the expression of TNF – α, COX-2, and iNOS in inflammatory cells RAW 264.7 (P<0.05), and the inhibitory effect of SSP on TNF – α and iNOS expression was not different from the positive control group (P>0.05).
According to reports, patients with cerebral hemorrhage and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have significantly increased levels of chemokines (TNF – α) in their bodies. TNF – α can increase plaque deposition and has neurotoxicity, further activating iNOS gene overexpression, leading to neuronal cell damage and apoptosis. Polysaccharides from Agaricus bisporus can effectively inhibit the overexpression of TNF – α and iNOS. As a naturally occurring edible mushroom with a clear structure, it has good health benefits for central system diseases.
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