Chemical constituents and anti-tumor activity of multi spike golden corn orchid
Chloranthus polystachhys Pei is a plant belonging to the Chloranthus genus in the Chloranthus family. Its leaves are mostly four opposing pieces and grow at the top, hence the names “Four Blocks of Tile”, “Four Heavenly Kings” or “Four Leaf Pair”. It is mainly produced in Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan and other places in China. Duo Sui Jin Su Lan is used as medicine with its roots and rhizomes, which have the effects of dispelling dampness, dispelling cold, regulating qi, promoting blood circulation, dispersing blood stasis, and detoxifying. It is widely used in folk medicine to treat diseases such as blood stasis, swelling and pain, falls and fractures, lower back and leg pain, colds, venomous snake bites, skin itching, malaria, vaginal discharge, and sores; At present, research reports indicate that the multi spike golden corn orchid contains various chemical components, including sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, phenols, flavonoids, coumarins, lignans, steroids, and other types. The plants of the genus Osmanthus have been a hot research topic in China in recent years. According to literature reports, compounds found in this genus have novel structures and wide pharmacological activities, and can be used as enzyme regulators with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-HIV-1, immune enhancement, and neuroprotective effects. On the basis of previous research, this article further analyzes the chemical composition of multi spike golden corn orchid, aiming to discover chemical components with anti-tumor activity and lay a theoretical foundation for better development and utilization of this ethnic medicine resource.

 

In this paper, the chemical constituents and anti-tumor effects of the plant were studied. Using semi preparative liquid chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 and other chromatographic separation methods, 19 compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the plant, including sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, coumarins, steroids and other compounds. Except for compounds 3, 12-18, all other compounds were isolated for the first time from the multi spike golden corn orchid plant.
The cytotoxicity test showed that compound 17 showed varying degrees of cytotoxicity to human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, human prostate cancer cell line DU-145 and human lung cancer cell line A549. Among them, compound 17 showed strong inhibitory activity to human lung cancer cell line A549, with an IC50 value of 5.74 μ mol/L. Compounds 13 and 16 showed moderate cytotoxicity to human lung cancer cell line A549, with IC50 values of 11.67 μ mol/L and 16.25 μ mol/L, respectively. In the early stage of this article, the anti HIV-1 cytotoxic activity of the chemical components of multi spike golden corn orchid was also tested. Unfortunately, the test results showed that compounds 1-19 had no cytotoxicity. Combined with literature reports, most of the chemical components of multi spike golden corn orchid have anti-inflammatory and anti malaria activities. In the later stage, further screening of the isolated compounds for anti-inflammatory and anti malaria activities can be carried out.
Based on the previous research conducted by our research group on the chemical components of multi spike golden corn orchid, it was found that their monomeric compounds cause cell cycle arrest and inhibit cancer cell proliferation in human prostate cancer cells PC3 and LNcap, human lung cancer cells A549, human chronic myeloid leukemia cells K562, and human erythroleukemia cells HEL. Therefore, there is great research potential for the anti-tumor activity of multi spike golden corn orchid. However, current pharmacological activity research mainly focuses on the in vitro activity screening of monomeric compounds, and there is little research on in vivo efficacy evaluation, mechanism of action, and structure-activity relationship. Further exploration of in vivo efficacy evaluation of monomeric compounds can enrich the research content of multi spike golden corn orchid plants, and also provide a certain reference basis for the discovery of lead compounds with good anti-tumor activity, the development of innovative drugs, and the development and utilization of this medicinal plant resource.