Research on the Chemical Components and Anti inflammatory Activities of Gentiana scabra in Wuling
Gentiana davidii Franch., belonging to the Gentianaceae family and Gentiana genus, is the entire plant of Gentiana davidii Franch. It grows in grassy slopes and under forests at depths of 350-2500 meters and is mainly distributed in Hunan, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, and other regions. It is harvested in summer or autumn, washed, dried, or fresh. According to the Qing Dynasty’s “Wentang Collection Verification Formula” and “National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicines”, Wuling Gentiana, also known as Jiutouqing, and “Chinese Materia Medica”, also known as the ground lotus, have been recorded in various ethnic medicine books. It has a bitter taste and a cold nature. It has the effects of clearing heat, detoxifying, and removing dampness. It is mainly used to treat children with wind shock, red eyes, sore throat, hepatitis, dysentery, gonorrhea, suppurative osteomyelitis, abscess swelling, and venomous snake bites. As a folk medicine, Wuling Gentiana has a long history of use and significant therapeutic effects. It is mainly used to treat inflammation related diseases such as lung heat cough, endometritis, and suppurative osteomyelitis. However, the research on its chemical composition and pharmacological effects is relatively weak at present. There are many reports on the research of Gentiana scabra, a plant belonging to the same genus. It mainly contains cyclohexene ether terpenes, flavonoids, and triterpenes, which have pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant effects. Based on the research foundation of Gentiana scabra, this experiment uses column chromatography, spectroscopic techniques, and cell activity screening methods to study the anti-inflammatory and pharmacological substance basis of Gentiana scabra, providing experimental basis for the development of Gentiana scabra medicinal materials.

Through the extraction and separation of Gentiana scabra, a total of 15 compounds were obtained, including 6 triterpenoids, 1 phenylpropanoid, 3 sterols, and 5 other compounds. Among them, 7, 14, and 15 were isolated from Gentiana scabra for the first time, while the remaining compounds were isolated from Gentiana scabra for the first time. Triterpenoids are important components of Gentiana plants, with the oleanane and Ussuriane types of pentacyclic triterpenoids being the most common. They have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective effects and are medicinal substances of Gentiana plants. Through anti-inflammatory activity screening, it was found that the isolated oleanolic acid and ursolic acid from Wuling Gentiana have certain anti-inflammatory activity, which are the pharmacological substances of Wuling Gentiana’s anti-inflammatory activity. The compounds isolated in this paper mainly come from the ethyl acetate extraction site of Gentiana scabra. The iridoid and flavonoid components of Gentiana scabra are mainly composed of its glycoside components, such as gentiopicroside, swertiamarin, and luteolin. The polarity of glycoside components is high, so it is speculated that the iridoid and flavonoid components of Gentiana scabra are present in the n-butanol extraction site. Further research will be conducted on this topic. In summary, this study enriches the research on the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of Gentiana scabra, elucidates the material basis for its anti-inflammatory activity, and provides a reference for its further research and development.