Full component characterization and in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Shanyinhua oil by GC-MS and LC-MS
Mountain Silver Flower is a member of the Lonicera family, with the plant Lonicera macranthoides Hand- Mazz.、 Lonicera hypoglauca Miq., Lonicera hypoglauca Miq., Lonicera hypoglauca Miq., Lonicera hypoglauca Miq., Lonicera hypoglauca Miq., Lonicera hypoglauca Miq., Lonicera hypoglauca Miq The dried flower buds or flowers with newly bloomed flowers of Lonicera confusa DC or Lonicera fulvotontosa Hsu et S. C. Cheng in southern China. Shanyinhua is mainly used to treat early infections, sores, abscesses, boils, and swelling induced by bacteria and viruses, mainly characterized by heat, redness, pain, and swelling, caused by external wind heat or epidemic fever. Honeysuckle is the main component of traditional Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations Vitamin C Yinqiao Tablets, Cold Cough Syrup and Compound Daqingye Mixture. In addition, mountain silver flowers are often used as raw materials for the production of various health products, such as tea and wine.
A large number of plant chemistry studies have shown that Shanyinhua contains flavonoids, organic acids, iridoids, saponins, and oil. However, there is limited literature on the in-depth study of the chemical composition and biological activity of its oil. From the perspective of research methods, the reported literature mainly adopts gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and headspace solid-phase extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) techniques. From the extraction methods, it can be concluded that ultrasound, microwave, Soxhlet extraction, and steam distillation are mainly used. From the perspective of the breadth of extraction methods, there is relatively little research on CO2 supercritical extraction to obtain oil. From the perspective of comprehensiveness of detection methods, there is a lack of detection of medium polarity substances in oil. In addition, Shanyinhua oil has good biological activity and is worthy of further development and research.
Therefore, this study takes mountain silver flower oil as the research object and applies CO2 supercritical extraction to obtain mountain silver flower oil; Analyze volatile and small polar components in oil by combining methylation and non methylation with GC-MS; Identification of medium polarity components in oil by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS) combined with a standard spectral library. In order to comprehensively analyze the chemical composition of Shanyinhua. At the same time, this study used in vitro antioxidant methods and in vitro cell anti-inflammatory experiments to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Lonicera japonica oil, providing scientific guidance for its further development and utilization.

This study evaluated the in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Lonicera japonica oil using a cell inflammation model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and conducted full component analysis of Lonicera japonica oil based on GC-MS and UHPLC-QE-MS. The extraction of Zhongshan Silver Flower Oil in this article adopts the supercritical CO2 extraction method, which has good solvent solubility, low extraction temperature, great safety, and can effectively prevent the oxidative decomposition of active ingredients in medicinal materials. Through GC-MS analysis, a total of 66 compounds were identified in Shanyinhua oil, mainly including fatty acids (methyl palmitate, methyl linoleate, etc.), sterols (γ – sitosterol, stigmasterol, etc.), and alkanes (squalane, n-tetradecane, etc.). Research has shown that polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid can inhibit the pro-inflammatory effects of mediators and cytokines that cause inflammation, and alleviate acute and chronic inflammation related diseases; Sterol compounds such as stigmasterol can effectively delay lipid peroxidation reactions, inhibit the increase of oil acid value and peroxide value, and have significantly better antioxidant effects than dibutyl hydroxytoluene (BHT) and vitamin C. Through UHPLC-QE-MS, 142 and 83 compounds were identified in positive and negative ion modes, respectively, mainly including terpenes, coumarins and their derivatives, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and other compounds. According to literature reports, terpenoids such as vitamin D2 and ursolic acid can reduce the expression of IL-6 and TNF – α in vivo and in vitro, exert anti-inflammatory effects, and have significant in vitro antioxidant capacity. Flavonoids such as naringin and Brazilian hematoxylin can inhibit the release of inflammatory factors such as NO, PGE2, and TNF – α in RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS, and can exert pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-tumor effects. Studies have shown that phenylpropanoid compounds such as ferulic acid can effectively scavenge hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, and superoxide radicals. Therefore, it can be inferred from the above results that Shanyinhua oil has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Zeng et al. found that extracts of honeysuckle and mountain silver flowers can significantly inhibit the degree of ear swelling induced by xylene in mice, and can also inhibit the release of LPS induced inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells in an in vitro cell model. Both have good anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. Zou et al. used an LPS induced cell inflammation model to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts of Lonicera japonica. Different extracts of Lonicera japonica showed varying degrees of anti-inflammatory activity. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of Lonicera japonica oil using an LPS induced cellular inflammation model, indicating that Lonicera japonica oil has significant anti-inflammatory activity and shows a dose-dependent pattern, which is similar to previous studies.

In fact, anti-inflammatory experiments have shown that Shanyinhua oil can significantly inhibit the release of inflammatory factors and exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. The above results indicate that Shanyinhua oil is a natural active substance with good anti-inflammatory effects and has good development and application value. The antioxidant results of this study indicate that the ability of Shanyinhua oil to scavenge ABTS and DPPH free radicals is not strong, which may be due to the low content of antioxidant substances in the oil extracted by this method. It also suggests that we can further develop new extraction methods. Therefore, the comprehensive chemical analysis results and preliminary activity evaluation of this study can provide a basis for the comprehensive development of Shanyinhua in both medicinal and edible applications.