What are the 22 amino acids?

Name is a technical work, everyone, every thing has a wonderful story behind the name. Amino acid name origin is also very interesting, this article collects 22 kinds of amino acid name origin, for you to understand the relevant history.
Non-polar aliphatic amino acids

Glycine(Gly) In 1820, when H. Braconnot studied the hydrolysis of gelatin, he isolated glycine, which was regarded as a kind of sugar at that time. Later, he found that this “gelatin sugar” contained nitrogen atoms, and it was the simplest amino acid, which was called glycine(from Greek). It was later discovered that this “gelatin candy” contained nitrogen atoms and was the simplest amino acid, called glycine (from the Greek word glykys, meaning “sweet”, ‘glykys’, meaning “sweet”). In fact, glycine is 80% as sweet as sucrose. Glycine was the first amino acid discovered by man and is the simplest, non-polar, non-spinning amino acid. Glycine is extracted from soybeans.
Ala Alanine According to the rules of organic nomenclature, Alanine is derived from acetaldehyde, ethanol, and ethyl from the Arabic article al-.
Valine Valine was isolated by Von Group Besanez in 1856 from an extract of the pancreas until 1906 when Fisher analyzed its chemical structure as 2-amino-3-methylbutyric acid and named it valine, derived from valerian.
Leucine Leucine (also known as leucine) was first isolated from cheese by Proust in 1819, and then Braconnot (1820) crystallized it from acid hydrolysis of muscle and wool and named it leucine. The English name Leucine is derived from the Greek word leuco, meaning ‘white’. It is called leucine because it is a white powder, and leucine because it crystallizes easily and has a high refractive index and is very shiny.
Isoleucine (Ile) Isoleucine is an extension of the name leucine. ios – from the Greek isos (the same); and leucine is an isomer, so it is derived from isomerism, and then to the Chinese “异”.
Proline (Pro) Proline was first discovered by Fischer in 1901 in white gelatin. The English name is Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid (Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid), and in order to simplify it, it became “Proline”. The Chinese name “Proline” is because it is an important component of collagen, of which “Pro” means dried meat, dried fruit.
Phenylalanine (Phe) Phenylalanine follows the rules of organic nomenclature. Phenyl is derived from the Greek word phaino (shiny). Alanine is derived from acetaldehyde, ethanol, and ethyl from the Arabic article al-. Polar Neutral Amino Acids

Serine(Ser) Serine was hydrolyzed by Cramer in sulfuric acid in 1865, and was mistaken for glycine. Later, it was found that its molecular structure was very similar to that of alanine, except for the presence of a hydroxyl group in its molecular structure. Since this nitrogen-based acid was isolated from sericine protein, it was named “Serine”.
Cysteine (Cys) Cystein is half of cystine, so the Chinese name is “半胱氨酸”. Cystinol was so named because it was discovered by Wollaston in 1810 from a bladder stone (cystolith), and Berzelius named it cystine in 1832.
Met – Methionine is found in large quantities in eggs, hence the name “methionine”. Methyl is derived from the Greek word methy; thio is derived from the Greek word theion (sulfur).
Asparagine (Asn) Asparagine is named according to the nomenclature of derivatives, first discovered in 1806 from the juice of asparagus, an herb of the Asparagus family.
Glutamine (Gln) Glutamine was named according to the nomenclature of derivatives, discovered by Schulze from beet juice in 1883, and later detected in germinated seeds and proteins.
Threonine Threonine was isolated and identified by Mccoy et al. in 1935 from fibrin cleavage products, and its spatial structure was investigated by Meyer in 1936, and it was named threonine because of its structural similarity to threose.
Tryptophan (Trp) Tryptophan was isolated by Frederick Hopkins and Syndey Cole in 1901 when they digested casein with insulin, and the name Tryptophane (Tryptophan) is derived from Trypsin (insulin), and phane, Greek ‘appear’. ‘to appear’. (Strangely, this amino acid is not ending with ‘ine’, like most other amino acids, but ending with ‘ane ‘.)
Tyrosine (Tyr) Tyrosine was first discovered in cheese by a German chemist (“Tyro” means cheese in Greek), so it is called tyrosine.
Acid Amino Acids

Asparagine (Asp) Asparatic acid In 1806, L.N. Vanquelin and J.P. Robiquet isolated asparagine (Asn) from the sap of asparagus. 1827, A. Plisson isolated asparagine from hollyhock (Althaenrosea). In 1827, A. Plisson isolated aspartic acid from asparagine, an isolate of the root of Althaenrosea. 1868, Ritthausen isolated aspartic acid from proteins. It is called aspartic acid because it was first found in asparagus.
Glutamic acid In 1861, a German professor extracted glutamic acid, a component of monosodium glutamate (MSG), from wheat gluten for the first time. Later, in 1908, Kikumo Ikeda of Japan broke down MSG from the juice of boiled seaweed and introduced it to the market for the first time as an artificial seasoning. It was called glutamic acid because it was mainly extracted from glutelin.
Alkaline Amino Acids

Arginine Arginine was first isolated and extracted from lupine seedlings by Schlus in 1886, and in 1895 Hedin discovered that arginine was present in mammalian proteins. In 1895, Hedin discovered that arginine was present in mammalian proteins. The natural product is found in large quantities in fish protein (protamine), so it is called arginine.
Histidine Histidine histone (histone) in high content, so it is called histidine. Histidine was first isolated in 1896 by the German physician Albrecht Kossel.
Lysine Lysine was isolated from casein hydrolysate by Dreehsel in 1889. At that time, what was actually obtained was a mixture of lysine and arginine, named Lytatine. Later, Fisher isolated lysine from this Lytatine and named it Lysine.
Selenium cysteine (Sec) Selenium cysteine follows the nomenclature. selenium + cysteine (cysteine); its structure is similar to that of cysteine, except that the sulphur atom has been replaced by selenium. 1978, Forstrom and Tappel identified that the active center of glutathione peroxidase is selenium cysteine (Sec). Sec), which is the 21st amino acid known to be involved in protein biosynthesis.
Pyrrolysine (Pyl) Pyrrolysine follows the nomenclature. pyrro + lysine (lysine); discovered in 2002 by two research groups from The Ohio State University from a methanogenic bacterium methionine methyltransferase, is the 22nd amino acid known to be involved in protein biosynthesis. However, it is not a protein amino acid that makes up the human body.